Gajanan.
Vs. State of Maharashtra [1996] INSC 1469 (20 November 1996)
A.S.
Anand, K.T. Thomas
ACT:
HEAD NOTE:
O R D
E R
The
appellant along with Dnyandeo were tried for an offence under sections 302/34
IPC by the learned Sessions Judge, Buldhana in respect of an occurrence which
took place on 10th September, 1984 in which Suryabhan died after receipt of a
blow on his head resulting in multiple fracture of the scalp bone. The trial
court found that Gangubai, PW.2 and Ukanda, PW.3, who claimed to have seen the
deceased being "dragged" (pulled) by the appellant after hitting him
on the head with a heavy stone, had actually not seen the occurrence or any
part thereof and their evidence did not inspire confidence. The trial court
also referred to the medical evidence provided by Dr. Kashinath Motiram, PW.1,
and found that the account given by PW.2 and PW.3 was in conflict with the
medical opinion. The trial court further opined that the prosecution had
introduced letter Ext.P.22, the alleged extra judicial confession of the
appellant with a view to buttress the prosecution case. It was held that the
motive as alleged by the prosecution had not been established and that the
occurrence did not take place in the manner and at the place suggested by the
prosecution.
The
trial court, on the basis of these findings acquitted the appellant and his
co-accused. The High Court on an appeal by the State against acquittal reversed
the findings in so far as the appellant is concerned and convicted him of an
offence under section 302 IPC and sentenced him to undergo life imprisonment,
but maintained the acquittal of the co-accused since learned counsel for the
State did not press the appeal against his acquittal.
We
have heard learned counsel for the parties and critically analysed the evidence
on the record.
The
manner in which the High Court has dealt with the appeal against acquittal has
left much to be desired. The High Court treated PW.2 and PW.3 as if they were
the eye witnesses of the occurrence and opined that the observations of the
trial court "that there is no direct evidence in this case is obviously
wrong". In the words of the High Court "merely because these
witnesses did not see the actual assault by stone, their clinching evidence
cannot be discarded". We fail to understand the justification for
criticism of the trial court as noticed above. If the High Court itself found
that PW.2 and PW.3 had not seen the actual assault on the deceased how they
could be treated as providing direct evidence of assault is not at all intelligable.
Similarly, while dealing with letter Ext.P.22, the High Court, without at all
dealing with the reasons given by the trial court to dissbelieve the evidence
of PW.7 and the recovery of the letter Ext.P.22, opined that one sentence in that
letter amounts to confession and went on to rely upon the same as a piece of
extra judicial confession.
The
High Court apparently ignored that there was no proof worth the name on the
record to show that letter Ex.P.22 had been written by the appellant. The
appellant in his statement under section 313 Cr.P.C. denied the authorship of
the letter. PW.7 who claimed to have received the letter from the appellant,
was working as a labourer with the appellant and on his own admission he had
never received any letter from the appellant nor had he any other occasion to
see his handwriting. How then could PW.7's evidence be considered as sufficient
to prove that it was the appellant and the appellant alone who had written
letter Ext.P.22? The prosecution led no other evidence to prove the handwriting
of the appellant. No expert was examined either. Even otherwise, reading the
letter Ext.P.22 as a whole we do not find any extra judicial confession to have
been made by the appellant, assuming for the sake of arguments that the letter
was written by the appellant. The High Court was obviously in error in error in
holding that Ext.P.22 was written by the appellant or that the letter amounted
to an extra judicial confession.
The
High Court also appears to have overlooked some glaring infirmities in the
prosecution evidence. The occurrence, according to the prosecution, took place
in the field of Govind Shinde. The appellant after causing the injury is
alleged to have dragged (pulled) the body of the seriously injured deceased for
a distance of about 50 feet and left it in the filed of Rabbani. The reason for
leading this evidence is not far to seek. Unless this excercise was done by the
appellant, PW.2 and PW.3 who claim to be on the track road could not have
witnessed the dragging or identified the appellant. There was no need for the
body to be dragged from the field of Govind Shinde to Rabbani's field by the
appellant except to enable himself to be identified. It appears that the story
of dragging of the deceased was introduced so as to enable PW.2, wife of the
deceased, to claim to have seen the appellant running away after dumping the
body in Rabbani's fields. Coupled with this is yet another tell tale
circumstance. The investigating officer in the inquest report, in his zeal to
support the story of dragging, showed that there were dragging marks/ abbrasions
etc. on the legs and other parts of the body of the deceased. PW.1, who,
performed the post mortem examination, however, clearly deposed that no such
marks were found on the body of the deceased and that besides the injury on the
head, no other injury had been found on the body of the deceased. PW.1
categorically asserted that had the body been dragged and brought in contact
with rough surface it was bound to sustain abbrasions but none was found on the
body of the deceased.
The
manner in which the investigating officer tried to introduce the story of
dragging and the extra judicial confession through Ext.P.22, shows that the
investigation was not fair and the High Court failed to take this aspect into
consideration.
The
trial court gave cogent and sufficient reasons to acquit the appellant. The
High Court should not have interfered with the order of acquittal more so when
the reasons given by the trial court were neither perverse nor even
unreasonable. The High Court did not dispel the reasons given by the trial
court while upsetting the order of acquittal. Though, no distinction is made
regarding powers of the High Court in dealing with appeals against acquittal as
well as against conviction and it has full power to review all the evidence and
arrive at independent findings, nonetheless the High Court should be rather
slow to interfere with the findings of the trial court, unless the same are
perverse or otherwise unreasonable. Judicial approach in dealing with a case of
appeal against acquittal has to be cautious, circumspect and careful.
Unfortunately, the High Court overlooked these salutory principles and
interfered with a well merited order of acquittal by adopting an erroneous
approach. The order of the High Court under the circumstances convicting and
sentencing the appellant for an offence under section 302 IPC to life
imprisonment cannot be sustained.
We,
accordingly, accept this appeal and set aside the judgment of the High Court
dated 11th August, 1989 and maintain the acquittal of the
appellant as recorded by the trial court. The appellant, if in jail, shall be
released from custody forthwith if not required in any other case.
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