Kahandu
Daulat Dangde Vs. Jay Wantrao Yadavrao Kharade & Ors [1996] INSC 258 (14 February 1996)
Kuldip
Singh (J) Kuldip Singh (J) Ahmad Saghir S. (J) Kuldip Singh, J.
CITATION:
1996 SCC (7) 422 JT 1996 (5) 575 1996 SCALE (2)148
ACT:
HEAD NOTE:
The
appellant was the tenant of the agricultural land in dispute. The land was
owned by Anjanabai. After her death on August 8, 1969, Hirabai and Draupdabai,
respondents in the appeal herein, became the owners. The Agricultural Lands
Tribunal in the proceedings under Section 32 F read with Section 32 P of the
Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948 (the Act) came to the
conclusion that the appellant was not entitled to purchase the land in dispute
and as such was directed to surrender the possession of the said land to the
respondents. Appeal against the said order was dismissed by the Sub Divisional
Officer Parner division at Ahmednagar. Revision application filed by the
appellant was also dismissed by the Maharashtra Revenue Tribunal, Pune. The
appellant, thereafter, challenged the order of the authorities under the Act by
way of writ petition before the Aurangabad Bench of the Bombay High Court which
was dismissed on June
22, 1994 . This appeal
by the appellant - tenant is against the judgment of the High Court.
We may
briefly state the facts. One Yadavrao @ Yadu Kharade and his three sons - Baburao,
Jaywantrao and Shankar - from his wife Anjanabai and the fourth son Balu from a
predeceased wife constituted the joint family. Baburao filed a civil suit in
the court of Civil Judge at Shrigonda for partition and possession of his share
in the joint family property. The suit was disposed of by the Trial Court on April 6, 1961 by way of compromise decree. It is
not disputed that as a result of the compromise decree partition took place and
the property was divided by metes and bounds.
The
land in dispute came to the share of Anjanabai. It is further not disputed that
the appellant was the tenant of the land in dispute since prior to April 1, 1957 (tillers day).
After
the tillers day, Anjanabai applied for an exemption certificate under Section
88 C of the Act. The said proceedings were taken to the High Court which
remanded the same for disposal to the original authority. After the death of Anjanabai,
the proceeding were continued by her heirs and were finally disposed of by the
Additional Tehsildar on December
1, 1981.
The
case of the respondents before the authorities under the act was that Anjanabai
- deceased being widow since prior to April 1, 1957, it was mandatory for the appellant
to give notice under section 32 F (1A) of the Act indicating his desire to
purchase the land. Since the said notice was not given within the statutory
period the appellant was not entitled to purchase the land. The plea of the
respondents was accepted by all the courts below. The appellant's contention
was that the proceedings under Section 88 C of the Act were pending which
terminated in the year 1981. According to him the requisite notice was given by
him within the specified period after the termination of the proceedings under
Section 88 C of the Act.
The
appellant also contended before the courts below that the land being joint
family property and their being more than one member of the joint family who
did not belong to any of the categories mentioned in Section 32 F(1)(a), the
provision of Section 32 F were not applicable and the appellant was entitled co
purchase the land in dispute. The contention was rejected by the courts below.
Sections
32 F(1) and 88 C which are relevant are reproduced:- "Section 32 F (1)
Notwithstanding anything contained in the preceding sections - (a) where the
landlord is a minor, or a widow, or a person subject to any mental or physical
disability * * * the tenant shall have the right to purchase such land under
section 32 within one year from the expiry of the period during which such
landlord is entitled to terminate the tenancy under section 31 (and for
enabling the tenant to exercise the right of purchase, the landlord shall send
an intimation to the tenant of the fact that he has attained majority, before
the expiry of the period during which such landlord is entitled to terminate
the tenancy under section 31) :
(Provided
that where a person of such category is a member of a joint family, the
provisions of this sub-section shall not apply if at least one member of the
joint family is outside the categories mentioned in this sub-section unless
before the 31st day of March 1958 the share of such person in the joint family
has been separated by metes and bounds and the Mamlatdar on inquiry is
satisfied that the share of such person in the land is separate, having regard
to the area, assessment, classification and value of the land, in the same
proportion as the share of that person in the entire joint family property, and
not in a larger proportion) "
"88
C (1) (Save as otherwise provided by sections 33-A, 33-B and 33-C, nothing in
sections) 32 to 32-R (both inclusive) shall apply to lands leased by any person
if such land does not exceed an economic holding and the total annual income of
such person including the rent of such land does not exceed Rs .1, 500:
Provided
that the provisions of this sub-section shall not apply to any person who hold
such land as a permanent tenant or who has leased such land on permanent
tenancy to any other person.
(2)
Every person eligible to the exemption provided in sub- section (1) shall make
an application in the prescribed form to the Mamlatdar within whose
jurisdiction all or most of the pieces of land leased by him are situate within
the prescribed period for a certificate that he is entitled to such exemption.
(3) On
receipt of such application, the Mamlatdar shall, after giving notice to the
tenant or tenants of the land, hold inquiry and decide whether the land leased
by such person is exempt under sub-section (l) from the provisions of sections
32 to 32R.
(4) If
the Mamlatdar decides that the land is so exempt, he shall issue a certificate
in the prescribed form to such person.
(5)
The decision of the Mamlatdar under sub-section (3) subject to appeal to the Collector,
shall be Final.)" The following contentions were raised by the appellant
before the High Court:
(a) Anjanabai
- though a widow (disabled category) was member of the joint family of which
more than one members were not the persons who were under disability, and as
such she was not entitled to the prosecution of Section 3SF of the Act in view
of the proviso to Section 32F (1)(a).
(b)
When Anjanabai died in 1969 the proceeding under Section 88 C of the Act were
pending. The said proceedings came to an end on December 1, 1981 and
immediately thereafter the appellant sent the notice under Section 32F(1A) in
February, 1982. Even otherwise the appellant contested the proceedings under
Section 88C of the Act and as such his intention to purchase the land was clear
and obvious. His right to purchase the land could not be defeated on technical
grounds.
(c)
The partition decree on the basis of which Anjanabai became owner of the land
in dispute was collusive decree.
There
being no partition the provisions of Section 32-F (l)(a) were not attracted to
the facts of this case.
We are
of the view that the High Court fell into patent error in holding that proviso
to Section 33-F (l) (a) of the Act was not attracted to the facts of the
present case. High Court referred to paragraphs 322 and 325 of Mulla's Hindu
Law and came to the conclusion that once a member of a joint family intimates
unequivocally to the other members his desires to sever himself from the joint
family, his right to obtain and possess his share is unimpeachable whether or
not they agree to separation, and there is an immediate severance of the joint
status. Relying upon the judgments of Tuljaramrao Nimbalkar (AIR 1979 Supreme
Court 1880), the High Court came to the conclusion that Baburao had asked for
partition of the property as back as March 1956 and as such the severance of
the status of the joint family took place at that time. According to the High
Court consent decree passed on April 6, 1961
would relate back to 1956 and as a consequence there would be no joint family
on April 1, 1957 (tillers day).
We are
of the view that deeming fiction regarding severance of the joint family cannot
be read in the provisions of section 32 F (l)(a) of the act. Proviso to section
32-F(l)(a) specifically provides that a member of a joint family who is minor,
widow or subject to any mental or physical disability who has at least one
member of the joint family outside the categories of disabled persons, cannot
be given benefit of the said provision unless the following two conditions are
fulfilled:
(i)
Before 31st day of March, 1958 the share of such person in the joint family was
separated by metes and bounds.
(ii)
The Mamlatdar on enquiry was satisfied that the share of such person in the
land was separated. having regard to the area, assessments classification and
value of the land, in the same portion as the share of that person in the
entire joint family property and not in larger proportion.
The
concept of notional severance cannot be attracted in the context of the
provisions of Section 32F(1)(a) of the Act. The two overt-Acts inherent in
proviso to the said section must have happened in practice and as a fact prior
to March 31, 1958. The theory of relation-back cannot
be read in the language of the proviso to Section 39(1)(a) of the Act.
None
of the above conditions are fulfilled in the present case. There was no
separation of the share of Anjanabai by metes and bounds till the date of
decree in 1961 Since it was not done before 31st day of March, 1958 the
provisions of Section 32 F(1)(a) could not be made applicable to made
applicable to Anjanabai. Even the second condition was not fulfilled. Since
there was no separation of the share of Anjanabai by metes and bounds prior to
31st day of March, 1958, there was no question of any enquiry by Mamlatdar in
this case. On the plain reading of the proviso to Section 32-F(1)(a) of the
Act, there is no scope for incorporating the theory of relation back in the
facts of the present case.
We,
therefore, set aside the finding reached by the High Court on this issue and
hold that on April 1, 1957 (tillers day) Anjanabai was d member of the joint
family and as such the provisions of Section 32-F(1)(a) were not applicable to
her.
The
view we have taken on the first point, it is not necessary to deal with other
points arising in this case.
We
allow the appeal, set aside the judgment of the High Court and the orders of
the authorities under the Act and hold that the appellant was tenant of the
land in dispute on April
1,1957 and was
entitled to purchase the land in accordance with the provisions of the Act. The
competent authority under the Act shall now proceed with the case in accordance
with law. No costs.
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