Wazir
Singh, JBT Teacher & Ors Vs. The State of Haryana [1995] INSC 541 (29 September 1995)
Venkataswami
K. (J) Venkataswami K. (J) Verma, Jagdish Saran (J) K.Venkataswami, J.
CITATION:
1996 AIR 889 JT 1995 (7) 404 1995 SCALE (5)641
ACT:
HEAD NOTE:
Leave
granted.
I.A.
No. 1/95 for impleadment is allowed.
The
appellants are teachers in Government schools in the State of Haryana. The appellants were appointed as
(J.B.T.) teachers in the schools as they did not possess B.T./B.ED
qualification at the time of their appointments.
However,
they acquired B.T./B.ED degree on various dates as mentioned in page 9 of the
S.L.P. Paper Book and also at page 53 (so far as newly impleaded appellant No.8
is concerned). They moved the High Court of Punjab & Haryana under Article
226/227 of the Constitution of India for the issue of writ of Mandamus
directing the respondents to give them the higher grade admissible to the
Masters with effect from respective dates of their acquiring B.T./B.ED
qualifications and they also prayed for issue of writ of Mandamus to the
respondents to implement the decision/direction of this Court in the case of Chaman
Lal vs. State of Haryana reported in 1987 (3) SCC 113.
In
response to the notice of motion issued by the High Court, written statement on
behalf of respondents was filed and therein it was brought to the notice of the
Court that the erstwhile Punjab Government's Instructions dated July 23, 1957
on the basis of which the petitioners/appellants rested their claims, stood
superseded and no more applicable to the employees of the Haryana Government.
It was also stated in the written statement that a policy decision was taken by
the Government of Haryana in Finance Department Letter No.7/2(i)/90-FRI dated
March 9, 1990 stating that the pay-scales admissible to the Masters, that is,
B.A., B.ED. would be given to such teachers who have been appointed against the
posts for which the qualification is B.A. B.ED.
In the
light of the written statement and also applying the earlier decision of the
High Court in C.W.P. No.14736 of 1991 dated December 1,1992, the learned Judges
held that the appellants were not entitled to the reliefs prayed for as they
were never appointed against the post of Masters.
Aggrieved
by the dismissal of the writ petition, the present special leave to appeal is
preferred by the appellants.
Learned
counsel for the appellants strenuously urged before us that the ratio laid down
by this Court in 1987 (3) SCC 113 (supra) will apply in full force to the facts
of this case and, therefore, the appellants would be entitled to succeed in the
present appeal.
Learned
counsel appearing for the respondents submitted that in Chaman Lal's case this
Court was considering the scope of the letter dated July 23, 1957 issued by the
composite Punjab Government in the light of subsequent order of Haryana
Government dated 5.9.79. However, in the present case the letter dated 23.7.57
stood superseded by the latest policy instructions issued by the Haryana Govt.
on 9,3.1990 and therefore, the judgment in 1987 (3) SCC 113 will be of no
avail. He also invited our attention to the policy instructions contained in
the letter dated 9.3.1990 which is Annexure III to the special Leave Petition
found at page 44.
But
for the policy instructions now issued by the Haryana Government on 9.3.1990,
the ruling of this Court in Chaman Lal's case would have definitely applied to
the facts of this case. In Chaman Lal's case this Court considered both the
letter dated 23.7.1957 and the Order dated 5.9.1979. While considering the
scope of the letter and order, this Court also took note of certain admissions
made by the Government during that period and observed as follows:
"It
is thus seen that from 1957 to 1980 whenever the question arose, it was always
accepted that teachers who acquired the B.T. or B.ED qualification would be
entitled to higher grade of pay as soon as they acquired the qualification
irrespective of the dates when they were adjusted against the posts of Masters.
The adjustment against the posts of Masters was relevant for the purpose of
seniority in the posts of Masters and for the further purpose of promotion from
that post. So far as the scale of pay was concerned irrespective of adjustment
against the post of Master, a teacher was always held to be entitled to the
higher scale of pay from the date of the acquisition of the B.T. or B.ED
qualification.
2. On September 5, 1979, the Government of Haryana issued
an order in the following words:
Sanction
of the Governor of Haryana is hereby accorded w.e.f. September 5, 1979 of the grant of Masters grade to
unadjusted JBT teachers who have passed B.A./B.ED. subject to the following
conditions:-
(i)
That the expenditure involved would be met from the savings of the current year
revised sanctioned estimates.
(ii)
That these teachers will not be allowed any seniority in the cadre of Masters.
(iii)
That it will not form a precedent for future.
(iv)
That the award of Master's grade to the concerned teachers would be personal to
them.
This
order of the Government is now sought to be interpreted and it has been so
interpreted by the High Court of Punjab and Haryana in the judgment under
appeal that those teachers who had acquired the B.T. or B.ED qualification
subsequent to December 1, 1967 (the date on which the 1968 order came into
force) and before September 5, 1979 would be entitled to the higher grade but
with effect from September 5, 1979 only and that those who acquired the
qualification subsequent to September 5, 1979 would not be entitled to the higher
grade. According to the judgment of the High Court under appeal, the 1968 order
did away with the principle of the 1957 order that teachers acquired B.T. or
B.ED qualification should get the higher grade and that a concession was shown
in 1979 enabling the teachers who acquired the B.T. or B.ED qualification
between 1968 and 1979 to get the higher scale from 1979. In our opinion, this
is plainly to ignore all the events that took place between 1957 and 1980. The
principle that pay should be linked to qualification was accepted by the Punjab
Government in 1957 and when Kirpal Singh Bhatia case was argued in the High
Court and in the Supreme Court there was not the slightest whisper that the
principle had been departed from in the 1968 order. In fact the 1968 order
expressly stated that the Government had accepted the Kothari Commission's
report in regard to scales of pay and as already pointed out by us the main
feature of the Kothari Commission's report in regard to scales of pay was the
linking of pay to qualification. That was apparently the reason why no such
argument was advanced in Kirpal Singh Bhatia case. Even subsequently when
several writ petitions were disposed of by the High Court of Punjab and Haryana
and when the Government issued consequential orders, it was never suggested
that the 1968 order was a retraction from the principle of qualification linked
pay. The 1968 order must be read in the light of the 1957 order and the report
of the Kothari Commission which was accepted. If so read, there can be no doubt
that the Government never intended to retract from the principle that teachers
acquiring the B.T. or B.ED would be entitled to the higher grade with effect
from the respective dates of their acquiring that qualification. The 1975 order
was indeed superfluous." In the present revision of pay scale of Govt.
employees teaching Personnel of the Education Department (hereinafter called
the `policy of the Government'), in unequivocal terms the Government have
expressed their intention to retract from the earlier principle that teachers
acquiring the B.T. or B.ED degree would be entitled to the higher grade with
effect from the respective dates of their acquiring that qualification.
Relevant portions in the policy of Government dated 9.3.1990 read as follows:
"I
am directed to refer to composite Punjab Govt. Finance Department circular No.
5056-FR-11/57 dated the 23rd July, 1957 on the subject noted above, which
contains the details regarding the revision of the pay scales of various
categories of subordinate services (including teachers) done on the
recommendations made by the Pay Revisions Committee, then appointed to examine
this matter. While evolving revised pay scales in respect of different
categories of teachers in the Education Department, in para 3 of above
mentioned circular, two broad categories namely, category `A' and category`B'
of teachers were mentioned, inter alia laying down the requirements of academic
qualifications in their cases. It would not have been intended by the Government
that on their acquisition of High academic qualification, various categories of
teachers in the lower grades shall automatically be placed in the different
higher grade commensurate with their academic qualification.
Normally,
pay scales of various category of posts in any Department are sanctioned
keeping in view the minimum qualifications required for each category of posts,
besides the duties prescribed for them. Similarly, the teaching posts are
sanctioned for various educational institutions keeping in view the subjects
and classes, the incumbents of these posts are required to teach and for that
specific qualifications are prescribed in the service rule as well at the time
of recruitment. For example, if a B.A. B.ED. pass candidate with the qualifications
of Matric J.B.T. also applied for the post of Matric J.B.T. and is taken into
service on the basis of higher qualification, he/she cannot claim the grade of
Master/Mistress but will get the sanctioned scale of pay of teacher meant for Matric
J.B.T.
Similarly,
if a Matric J.B.T. teacher improves his qualification during the course of
service and acquires degree of B.A. B.ED or of language teacher i.e. O.T. Giani
or Prabhakar, he cannot claim the scale of Master i.e. B.A. B.ED or of language
teacher unless he is appointed as Master against the post of Master and
language teacher against the post of language teacher for which the minimum
qualifications are B.A. B.ED and O.T. (Giani or Prabhakar) respectively.
2. As
the instructions contained in paragraph 3 of the above mentioned letter dated
23rd July, 1957 did not bring out the above mentioned intentions of the
Government in unambiguous terms, it has resulted in different interpretations
i.e. automatic grant of higher scales of pay on the basis of qualifications
irrespective of number of posts available in the Department in that category.
... .... it was never the intention of the State Government to undertake the
continuing heavy financial burden that has devolved on it because of the faulty
framing of the above- mentioned instructions.
(3 to
5 omitted)
6. In
order to remove the confusion being created by misconstruing the intention of
the Government the whole matter has been reconsidered by the State Government.
As a result of the reconsideration, the Governor of Haryana is pleased to
clarify that the teachers of the Education Department are not entitled to be
placed in the higher scales of pay in terms of para 2 of the Punjab Government
letter No.5056-FR- 11/57/6600 dated 23rd July, 1957 or any subsequent
letters/notifications issued by the Haryana Government referred to in the
preceding paras, which letters already become inoperative on their
improving/acquiring higher qualifications during the course of their service
automatically. The masters/teachers in the Education Department will be placed
in the scales of pay of their respective categories to which they are appointed
against the sanctioned posts and more possession/acquiring of higher
qualifications will not entitle them automatically to claim higher pay scales.
(emphasis
supplied)" From the above extracts, it is clear that the Government have
altered their earlier policy and, therefore, the judgment in Chaman Lal's case
will have no application.
The
appellants who have not acquired the B.T./B.ED before 9.3.90 cannot, therefore,
claim the benefit of higher grade of pay automatically.
Learned
counsel for the respondents frankly conceded that all those who have acquired
B.T./B.ED before 9.3.90 would be entitled to get higher scales of pay in terms
of para 2 of the composite Punjab Government letter dated 23.7.1957.
We
find that among the appellants 5 of them, namely, appellants Nos.2,5,6,7 and 8
who have acquired B.T./B.ED prior to 9.3.90 would get the benefit and the
others are not entitled to get the relief. To that extent mentioned above, the
appeal succeeds.
In
order to prevent avoidable multiplicity of litigation, we make it clear that
all those who have acquired B.T./B.ED before 9.3.90 would be entitled to get
the benefit of para 2 of the Punjab Government Letter dated 23.7.1957 and those
who have acquired B.T./B.ED subsequently are governed by the changed policy of Haryana
Government dated 9.3.1990. The appeal is disposed of accordingly. No costs.
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