Ram Kishan
Vs. Union of India & Ors [1995] INSC 449
(1 September 1995)
Ramaswamy,
K. Ramaswamy, K. Hansaria B.L. (J)
CITATION:
1996 AIR 255 1995 SCC (6) 157 JT 1995 (7) 43 1995 SCALE (5)431
ACT:
HEAD NOTE:
O R D
E R
Leave
granted.
The
appellant, while working as constable under the charge of Additional Deputy
Commissioner of Police, Central District, New Delhi, was charged with two-fold grave misconduct:
(i)
while he was in charge of the sub-jail (naib court) he facilitated one Puran,
s/o Rama, undertrial prisoner, to drink alcohol before being taken to the
Court; and
(ii) he
had abused the superior officer and created an ugly scene in their presence.
The inquiry officer in his report dated July 20, 1985 found that the second charge was
partly proved and the first charge had not been proved. The disciplinary
authority, viz., Additional Deputy Commissioner, disagreeing with the
conclusions reached by the inquiry officer, issued a show cause notice on August 16, 1985 as to why both the charges should not
be taken to have been proved. The appellant submitted his explanation and
thereon by order dated September
6, 1986, the
Additional Deputy Commissioner dismissed him from service. After unsuccessful
appeal and revision, he approached the Central Administrative Tribunal in May,
1986. The Tribunal in its order dated September 17, 1990 dismissed the O.A. Thus this appeal
by special leave.
Mr. Shyam
Babu, the learned counsel for the appellant, raised three-fold contention. First,
that the Additional Deputy Commissioner is not the Deputy Commissioner in
charge of the District and, therefore, he was not competent to impose the
punishment on the appellant. It is next contended that the disciplinary
authority had not given any reason in the show cause notice to disagree with
the conclusions reached by the inquiry officer and that, therefore, the
findings based on that show cause notice are bad in law.
Lastly,
it is contended that even on proved facts the punishment imposed is
disproportionate to the gravity of the alleged misconduct.
The
learned counsel for the respondents has refuted the contentions by submitting
that the Additional Deputy Commissioner is of the same rank as the Deputy
Commissioner and perusal of Rule 4 of the Delhi Police (Appointment &
Recruitment) Rules, 1980, [for short 'the Rules'] shows that Additional Deputy
Commissioner of Police is also an authority on whom the power of appointment
has been delegated. Therefore, he is competent to impose the punishment of
dismissal from service. It is also urged that in the dismissal order the
disciplinary authority had given reasons why he did not agree with the
disciplinary authority and therefore, the show cause notice is not invalid in
law.
Lastly,
it is contended that the conduct of the appellant is unbecoming of the
disciplined police force. Therefore, dismissal from service is the appropriate
punishment.
The
first question that arises is whether the Additional Deputy Commissioner of
Police is the competent authority. It is true that Section 11 of the Delhi
Police Act, 1978 enumerates the authorities, viz., Additional Deputy
Commissioners and Assistant Commissioners who assist the Deputy Commissioner of
the District. That section provided:
"11.
Officers in charge of the police district and police sub-divisions and police
stations.
(1)
Each police district shall be under the charge of a Deputy Commissioner of
Police who may be assisted in the discharge of his duties by one or more
Additional Deputy Commissioners of Police.
(2)
Each police sub-division shall be under the charge of an Assistant Commissioner
of police and each police station shall be under the charge of an Inspector of
Police." It would be seen that the Deputy Commissioner of Police is in
charge of the district and one or more Additional Deputy Commissioner of Police
has/have been authorised to assist the Deputy Commissioner. Section 19 of the
General Clauses Act, 1887 lays down thus:
"19.
Official Chiefs and subordinates.- (1) In any Central Act or Regulation made
after the commencement of this Act, it shall be sufficient, for the purpose of
expressing that a law relating to the chief or superior of an office shall
apply to the deputies or subordinates lawfully performing the duties of that
office in the place of their superior, to prescribe the duty of the
superior." So, it would be clear that where a superior officer has been authorised
to perform some duties under an Act or a regulation, a subordinate or deputy
officer lawfully performing those duties in the place of his superior is equally
empowered to perform the duties of the office of the superior. Rule 4 of the
Rules states that not only the Deputy Commissioner but Additional Deputy
Commissioner also has been delegated the power of appointing Sub-Inspectors,
Assistant Sub-Inspectors, Head Constables and Constables. An Additional Deputy
Commissioner is thus competent to pass an order of dismissal qua a police
constable, as is the petitioner, Our attention is then invited to Rule 6 of the
Delhi Police (Punishment and Appeal) Rules, 1980 [for short, 'the Appeal
Rules'], which reads:
"6.
Classification of punishments and authorities competent to award them. - (1)
Punishments mentioned at Serial Nos. (i) to (vii) above shall be deemed 'major
punishment' and may be awarded by an officer of the rank of the appointing
authority or above after a regular departmental enquiry." It is,
therefore, contended that the Rule indicates that an officer of the inferior
rank cannot exercise the power to impose major punishment. It is already seen
that under Rule 4 of the Rules, the Additional Deputy Commissioner of the
police is also one of the appointing authorities; and by the force of Section
19 of the General Clauses Act, he can exercise the powers of the Deputy
Commissioner of Police, So, in a given case, even Additional Deputy
Commissioner can pass order of dismissal, if what has been provided in Section
19 of the General Clauses Act is also borne in mind. The exercise of power with
the aid of the Rules and the Appeal Rules by the Additional Deputy Commissioner
in the present case cannot be said to be without authority of law or void. He
is competent to pass the order.
The
next question is whether the show cause notice is valid in law. It is true, as
rightly contended by the counsel for the appellant, that the show cause notice
does not indicate the reasons on the basis of which the disciplinary authority
proposed to disagree with the conclusions reached by the inquiry officer. The
purpose of the show cause notice, in case of disagreement with the findings of
the enquiry officer, is to enable the delinquent to show that the disciplinary
authority is pursuaded not to disagree with the conclusions reached by the
inquiry officer for the reasons given in the inquiry report or he may offer
additional reasons in support of the finding by the inquiry officer. In that
situation, unless the disciplinary authority gives specific reasons in the show
cause on the basis of which the findings of the inquiry officer in that behalf
is based, it would be difficult for the delinquent to satisfactorily give
reasons to pursuade the disciplinary authority to agree with the conclusions
reached by the inquiry officer. In the absence of any ground or reason in the
show cause notice it amounts to an empty formality which would cause grave
prejudice to the delinquent officer and would result in injustice to him. The
mere fact that in the final order some reasons have been given to disagree with
the conclusions reached by the disciplinary authority cannot cure the defect.
But, on the facts in this case, the only charge which was found to have been
accepted is that the appellant had used abusive language on the superior
authority. Since the disciplinary authority has said that it has agreed partly
to that charge, the provisional conclusion reached by the disciplinary
authority in that behalf even in the show cause notice, cannot be said to be
vague.
Therefore,
we do not find any justification to hold that the show cause notice is vitiated
by an error of law, on the facts in this case.
It is
next to be seen whether imposition of the punishment of dismissal from service
is proportionate to the gravity of the imputation. When abusive language is
used by anybody against a superior, it must be understood in the environment in
which that person is situated and the circumstances surrounding the event that
led to the use of the abusive language. No straight jacket formula could be
evolved in adjudging whether the abusive language in the given circumstances
would warrant dismissal from service.
Each
case has to be considered on its own facts. What was the nature of the abusive
language used by the appellant was not stated.
On the
facts and circumstances of the case, we are of the considered view that the
imposition of punishment of dismissal from service is harsh and
disproportionate to the gravity of charge imputed to the delinquent constable.
Accordingly,
we set aside the dismissal order. We hold that imposition of stoppage of two
increments with cumulative effect would be an appropriate punishment. So, we
direct the disciplinary authority to impose that punishment. However, since the
appellant himself is responsible for the initiation of the proceedings, we find
that he is not entitled to back wages; but, all other consequential benefits would
be available to him.
The
appeal is accordingly allowed. No costs.
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