The Principal Cambridge School & Anr Vs. Ms. Payal Gupta &
Ors [1995] INSC 408 (21
August 1995)
Faizan
Uddin (J) Faizan Uddin (J) Bharucha S.P. (J) Majmudar S.B. (J) Faizan Uddin, J.
CITATION:
1996 AIR 118 1995 SCC (5) 512 JT 1995 (6) 101 1995 SCALE (4)811
ACT:
HEAD NOTE:
THE
21ST DAY OF AUGUST, 1995 Present:
Hon'ble
Mr. Justice S.P. Bharucha Hon'ble Mr. Justice Faizan Uddin Hon'ble Mr. Justice
S.B. Majmudar Mr. Bhimrao Naik, Sr. Adv. and Mr. M.P. Jha., Adv. with him for
the Appellants. Mr. S.R. Bhat, Adv. for the Respondents.
The
following Judgment of the Court was delivered:
IN THE
SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CIVIL
APPEAL NO. 5664 OF 1994 The principal Cambridge School and another v. Ms. Payal Gupta
& Ors.
1.
According to the appellants, the Central Board of Secondary Education
introduced 10+2 scheme of education in the year 1977 providing general
education up to the level of 10+2 class, visualizing two distinct stages one up
to class x and the other up to class XII so that the students with certain
competence should alone pursue education beyond class x. The applellant,
Cambridge School, New Delhi, with a view to achieve the aforesaid objective and
to upgrade the academic standard of each student through special programme prescribed
a cut off level of 50 per cent marks for admission to class XI of the said
school. Consequently, the Principal appellant addressed a circular dated
4.10.1993 to the parents of the students stating that the admission to class X
would not be automatic but a cut off level was prescribed by the Cambridge
School to the effect that a student of class X must obtain 50 per cent marks in
aggregate in the Board examination for being granted readmission in class XI.
In other words it would be a fresh admission even for those students who passed
class X from the Cambridge School itself obtaining minimum marks of 50 per cent in aggregate
as the qualifying percentage for being considered for readmission in class XI.
A similar circular was again issued in February, 1994. As a consequence of the
said circulars, after declaration of results of class X by the Central Board of
Secondary Education will students who secured marks less than 50 per cent in
aggregate were asked to obtain their school leaving certificates. It appears
that the parents of such students who had secured marks less than 50 per cent
in aggregate approached the Deputy Education Officer who by his letter dated
13.6.1994 directed that all students of class X should be admitted into class
XI without any pass percentage. But the school authorities took the stand that
no such direction could be issued by the Directorate of Education since the
power to regulate admission under Delhi School Education Act, 1973 and Rule 145
of the Delhi School Education Rules vests in the head of the school.
2. In
the facts and circumstances aforementioned the respondent herein and three
other students of the Cambridge School filed the Civil Writ Petition No.
2788/1994 in the High Court of Delhi challenging the legality and propriety of
the circulars aforementioned prescribing cut off marks for admission to XI
class in the said school. A batch of ten students had also filed a Civil writ
Petition No. 2977/1994 challenging the validity of the said circulars
prescribing the cut off marks for admission to class XI. In the mean while
Civil Writ petition No. 2977/1994 was withdrawn as the school authorities said
down the aggregate of 50 per cent marks to 45 per cent and the students
admitted in the school except one or two students who had secured about 35 per
cent marks in aggregate but they also withdrew their petition with a view to
either reappear in the examination to secure 50 percent marks or would seek
admission in some other school. On the writ petition filed by the respondent
herein and three others, two students had secured 45 per cent marks and,
therefore, they were covered by the decision of the school in scaling down the
aggregate percentage and, therefore, they also withdrew their petition and one
student who had secured about 35 percent marks also withdraw his petition with
a view to either reappear in the examination or to seek admission elsewhere.
The respondent herein, however, pursued the petition as she had secured 44.5
per cent marks in aggregate and was not allowed to continue her studios in
class XI in appellant's school.
3. The
case of the respondent before the High Court was that the Principal and the
school authorities were not justified to deny admission to its own students who
had passed class XI examination which is a public examination and as neither
the Act nor the Rules prescribe any cut off level of marks for promotion to XI
class in the same school after passing class X examination and, therefore the
act of issuance of the impugned circulars was arbitrary, illegal and without
authority. The appellant contested the said petition by contending that the
Education Commissions while recommending general education at the secondary
stage suggested that it should be followed by two years of diversified and vocational
education and, therefore, it was necessary to prescribe a cut off level of
marks. The appellant further took the stand that when a candidate is admitted
to class XI it is a fresh admission and in fact a case of readmission and not
merely a case of promotion which is apparent from the scheme of 10+2
examination. The High Court, however,did not agree with the stand taken by the
appellant and took the view that an unaided recognised school cannot of its own
fix a criteria of not admitting its own students to class XI unless they secure
certain minimum percentage of marks in class X examination which is a public
examination and if a school lays down any such criteria it would be arbitrary,
unreasonable and irrational. The High Court, therefore. directed the appellant
to admit the respondent herein to class XI of their school which led to the
filing of the present appeal.
4.
Learned counsel appearing for the appellant vehemently urged before us that
Rule 145 of Delhi School Education Rules. 1973 distinctly provides that the
Head of any unaided recognized school shall regulate admissions to the school
or to any class thereof on the basis of admission test or on the basis of
result of a particualr class or school and the said rule thus not only takes
within its fold the cases of readmission but the cases of promotion are also
covered and, therefore, the issuance of circulars by the Principal of the
school who is the need of the school, prescribing the criteria for readmission
to class XI was in conformity with the ambit and scope of Rule 145 and, as
such, the Principal was fully within his powers in issuing the aforementioned corculars.
Learned counsel for the appellant sought to support his arguments by an earlier
decision rendered by a Division Bench of the Delhi High Administration [44
(1991) Delhi Law Times 634]
5. In
view of the facts and circumstances stated above the short question that arises
for our consideration is whether the Head of a private unaided school has the
power to regulate admission by prescribing the criteria of cut off level of
marks under Rule 145 and on that basis may deny admission to the students of
its own school to class XI who had passed class X, Central Board of Secondary
Education with marks less than 50 per cent in aggregate. A further question may
arise whether in the aforementioned situation a student who passes class X
would be entitled to automatic promotion to the next higher class i.e. XI class
or it would be a case of fresh or readmission to the next higher class in the same
school.
6.
There is no dispute that the appellant, Cambridge School is an unaided recognised
school under the provisions of Delhi School Education Act, 1973 (hereinafter
the Act).
At the
very out-set it may be stated that Section 16 of the Act deals with admission
to recognised schools. Sub-section (3) of Section 16 contemplates that
"admission to a recognised school or to any class thereof shall be
regulated by rules made in this behalf". Further Section 28 relates to the
rule making power of the Administrator and clause (q) of sub-section (2) of
Section 28 relates to the rule making power of the Administrator for admissions
to a recognised school. In pursuance to the aforementioned rule making power
the Delhi School Education Rules, 1973 (hereinafter the Rules) were framed.
Chapter XII of these Rules relate to the admission to recognised schools which
contains Rule 131 to Rule 145. Rule 131 to 134 deal with admissions of students
in aided schools and are not relevant for the purpose of this appeal as the
appellant school is an unaided recognised school. Rule 135 prescribes the
manner of admission and contemplates that no student shall be admitted unless
an application in the prescribed form signed by his parent or guardian has been
submitted to the school. Rule 136 relates to the entry of the name of the
students on the roll of the school on the date on which he first attends his
class. Rule 137 contemplates that admission shall ordinarily be made once a
year and shall not be made after 31st day of August of the year except under
certain circumferences permitted by the Director. Rules 139 to 143 are not
relevant for the purposes of this appeal. Rule 138, 144 and 145 are relevant
and the same read as under:- "138. Admission of failed students not to be
refused A student who fails at any public examination shall not, on that
account, be refused re-admission in the school or class by the school from
which he had appeared at such examination.
Power
to issue departmental instructions. The Director may issue instructions with
regard to any matter, not covered by this Chapter, relating to aided schools.
145
Admission to recognised unaided schools-
(1)
The head of every recognised unaided school shall regulate admissions to a recognised
unaided school to any class thereof either on the basis of admission test or on
the basis of result in a particular class or school.
(2)
Subject to the provisions of sub- rule (1), the provisions of this Chapter
shall, so far as may be, apply to admission to a recognised unaided school as
they apply to admissions to an aided school."
A
reading of sub-rule (2) of Rule 145 reproduced above will go to show that all
the provisions of Chapter XII shall, so far as may be apply to admission to a
recognised unaided school as they apply to admission in aided school with the
distinction that in the case of aide schools it is the Director who can issue
instructions with regard to any matter not covered by Chapter XII relating to
admissions to aided school while in the case of admissions to recognised
unaided schools it is the head of the recognised unaided school who is authorised
to regulate such admissions. That being so, the provisions of Rule 135 will
apply in the case of admission to aided as well as unaided schools. Rule 135,
as said earlier, directs that no student shall be admitted to an aided school
unless an application in the prescribed from signed by his parent or guardian
has been submitted to such a school. Learned coursel for the appellant
therefore contended that after the student passes a particular class there is
fresh or readmission to the higher class even in the same school. We are unable
to persuade ourselves to accede to this proposition. If it were so. the
appellant school would have supported the contention by producing various
applications made by the parents or guardians of students for such fresh
admission from one class to the next higher class but no such material was
placed either before the High Court or before this Court. It may, however, be
pointed out that it is common knowledge that once a student is given an
admission on any educational institution by making an application in the manner
prescribed by Rule 135, he is not required to submit fresh application forms
after he passes a class for his admission to the next higher class, Once a
student i given admission in any educational institution the same continues
class after class until he leaves the school. In these facts and circumstances
it is difficult to accept that after a student passes his tenth class of a
public examination his admission to the next higher class i.e. eleventh class
would be a fresh or readmission.
7.
Further it may be seen that Rule 138 reproduced above contemplates that even a
student who fails at by public examination hall not, on that account, be
refused readmission in the school or class by the school from which he had
appeared at such examination. If a student who fails at any public examination
could not be denied readmission in the school or class then it is beyond
comprehension as to how a student who passed the public examination can be
denied admission in a higher class in the same school from which he had
appeared at such examination. That being so, the right of student to continue
his studies further in the higher class, in the same school, after passing any
public examination, cannot be worse than the right of a student who fails at
any such public examination. The scheme of the Act and the Rules made thereunder
and a combined reading of Sections 16(3), 28(2) (a) and Rules 135.137 and 138
will go to show that once a student is admitted to a school the same admission
continues class after class until he passes the last examination for which the
school gives training and no fresh admission or readmission is contemplated
from one classes to the other. Therefore, in a Higher Secondary School such as
the one in question, the examination of tenth class cannot be regarded as a
terminal examination for those who watt to continue their study in eleventh and
twelfth classes of the said school. No separate criteria has been laid down in
the rules for the students passing class X and wishing to continue their
studies in eleventh and twelfth classes.
8.Now
coming to the provisions of sub-rule (1) of rule 145 which is the sheet anchor
of the appellant's case, we do not find anything in the said rule which
contemplates or requires fresh or readmission of a student in the same school
after the passes an examination from the said school.
That
the class X examination is a public examination does not make any difference.
The question of an admission test or the result in a particular class or school
for purposes of admission would arise only if a student of one institution goes
for admission in dome other institution.
The
question of admission test on the basis of result in a particular class will
not be taken into account in the case of a student of the same school who
passes the public examination. Learned counsel for the appellant was unable to
produce or show any provision in the Act or the Rules which specifically
contemplates that readmission or fresh admission is necessary to every next
higher class after a student passes out a particular class nor he could show
any provision of law authorising the head of an educational institution to
prescribe a cut off level of marks for continuance of further studies in higher
class in the same school by a student who passes a public examination.
8.The
decision rendered by the Division Bench of the High Court in the case of Km. Renuka
Khurana (supra) and relied on by the learned counsel for the appellant. ie not
of any assistance to the appellant as the question of power of the Director to
issue instructions to unaided schools alone was the point in controversy and
the question of power of Head of the school to regulate admission on either of
the two basis i.e. on the basis of the test or on the basis of result in
previous class was not directly in issue. It was not a case of admission or
readmission in the same school but in a different institution altogether.
9. In
view of the above discussion the appeal fails and is hereby dismissed. No order
as to costs.
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