Calcutta Municipal Corpn. Vs. East India
Hotels Ltd. [1994] INSC 394 (21 July 1994)
Kuldip
Singh (J) Kuldip Singh (J) Punchhi, M.M. Ramaswamy, K.
CITATION:
1995 AIR 419 1994 SCC (5) 690 JT 1994 (4) 463 1994 SCALE (3)456
ACT:
HEAD NOTE:
The
Judgment of the Court was delivered by KULDIP SINGH, J.- The East India Hotels
Limited (the company), Respondent 1 in the appeal herein, owns and runs "Oberoi
Grand" five star hotel in the city of Calcutta.
The
hotel had, at the relevant time, three restaurants within its premises called
the Moghul Room, the Polynesia and the Princes. The question for
our consideration is whether the company is required to pay the licence fee and
obtain licences, to run the said restaurants, in terms of Section 443 of the
Calcutta Municipal Act, 1951 (the Act).
A
Division Bench of the Calcutta High Court in appeal answered the question in
the negative and in favour of the company. This appeal by the Calcutta
Municipal Corporation (the Corporation) is against the judgment of the High Court.
692
2. It
is not disputed that prior to the present proceedings the company has always
been obtaining licences from the Corporation under Section 443 of the Act in
respect of the restaurants. Initially, the licence fee was Rs 250 per annum per
restaurant. The said fee was increased from time to time. The Corporation, by
an order dated 22-3-1982, increased the licence fee to Rs
15,000 in respect of each of the places of amusement/recreation under Section
443 of the Act.
3. The
company challenged the increase of the licence fee to Rs 15,000 before the
Calcutta High Court by way of a writ petition under Article 226 of the
Constitution of India.
Before
the learned Single Judge three points were raised.
It was
contended that under Section 218 read with Schedule IV to the Act, the
Corporation could not fix more than Rs 250 as licence fee. The learned Judge
rejected the contention on the ground that the licence fee was levied under
Section 443 of the Act to which Schedule IV to the Act has no relevance. The
other points raised before the learned Single Judge were that there was no
valid order made by the Corporation and no opportunity of hearing was afforded
to the company before enhancing the licence fee.
Both
these contentions were also rejected. As a consequence the learned Single Judge
dismissed the writ petition. The company filed appeal against the judgment of
the learned Single Judge which was heard by a Division Bench of the High Court.
4. The
only point raised by the company, before the Division Bench of the High Court,
was neither pleaded in the writ petition nor argued before the learned Single
Judge.
The
Division Bench permitted the point to be raised on the following reasoning:
"We
permitted the learned advocate for the appellants to raise this new contention
and urge the new plea as it appeared to us that the same was purely a question
of law. In our view, no new facts were required to be pleaded or brought on
record to enable us to consider this new contention and decide on the issue."
5.
Before we state the point it would be useful to go through the provisions of
Section 443 of the Act which are as under:
"443.
Licensing and control of theatres, circuses and places of public amusement.- No
person shall, without or otherwise than in conformity with the terms of a licence
granted by the Commissioner in this behalf, keep open any theatre, circus,
cinema house, dancing hall or other similar place of public resort, recreation
or amusement:
Provided
that this section shall not apply to private performances in any such
place." It was argued before the Division Bench of the High Court that the
provisions of Section 443 of the Act were not applicable to the restaurants,
despite the fact that recreation/amusement in the shape of music, cabaret shows
and dancing etc. was provided in such establishments. The Division Bench posed
the following question for its consideration:
693
"The
short question before us is whether the objects 'theatre, circus, cinema house,
dancing hall' referred to in Section 443 of the Act can or should be construed ejusdem
generis and whether on such construction it is to be held that restaurant
though providing items of amusement is not a place of public resort, recreation
or amusement similar to a theatre, circus, cinema house or dancing hall and as
such does not come within the mischief of Section 443."
6. The
Division Bench of the High Court culled out the principles for the
applicability of the rule of ejusdem generis from the judgments of this Court
in Jage Ram v. State of Haryana1 and Amar Chandra Chakraborty v.
Collector of Excise2. Construing Section 443 of the Act the High Court found
that "theatre, circus, cinema house, dancing hall" have been
specifically mentioned followed by the expression "other similar places of
public resort, recreation or amusement" which are of general nature.
Applying
the principles of ejusdem generis, the Division Bench came to the conclusion
that the general words are intended to have a restricted meaning in the sense
that "other similar places" must fall within the class enumerated by
the specific words. On the said reasoning, the Division Bench of the High Court
held as under:
"For
the reasons above, the contentions of the appellants before us do not appear to
be without substance. We hold that under Section 443 of the Calcutta Municipal
Act, 1951 the Corporation of Calcutta is entitled to issue licences against
payment of fees to theatres, circuses, cinema houses, dancing halls and other
similar places of public resort, recreation or amusement but not to other
establishment which do not fall in same class as the above. We hold further
that a restaurant which provides items of amusement occasionally or
incidentally in its main business, to its customers is not a place of public
resort, recreation or amusement similar to a theatre, circus, cinema house
dancing hall, which form a class by themselves, and does not fall' within the
mischief of Section 443. The respondents have no jurisdiction to call upon
Appellant to take out a licence under Section 443."
7. It
was not necessary for the Division Bench of the High Court to rely on the rule
of ejusdem generis in this case.
The
provisions of Section 443 of the Act are on the face of it clear and
unambiguous and, as such, there was no occasion to call into aid the said rule.
Section 443 clearly states that a theatre, circus, cinema house, dancing hall
or "other similar place" of public resort, recreation or amusement
cannot be run without obtaining a licence from the Commissioner of the
Corporation. It is thus obvious that apart from the four places of
recreation/amusement specifically mentioned in the section "any other
place" which comes within the mischief of the Act must be "a similar
place". The short question for our consideration, therefore, is whether 1
(1971) 1 SCC 671 2 (1972) 2 SCC 442 : AIR 1972 SC 1863 694 the three
restaurants run by the company in the premises of the hotel are similar to any
of the four instances given under Section 443 of the Act.
8.
Since the question argued before the Division Bench was neither pleaded nor
raised before the learned Single Judge, the necessary facts required to support
the said question were not directly forthcoming from the writ petition, a copy
of which is placed on the appeal-papers. In any case, the company's own case in
the writ petition before the High Court was as under:
"In
order to be categorised as a Government classified hotel, it should have
certain basic features and amenities like cabaret and evening entertainments
etc. and unless these special facilities were available and continued to remain
available your petitioners' said hotel would not have been a Government
classified hotel. Your petitioners crave leave to refer to the said question
arise for classification at the time of hearing if necessary.
Your
petitioners state that the said hotel is a residential hotel and maintain a
very high standard of service for twenty-four hours round the clock. It also
provides entertainment during the evening, specially to cater for the tourist
foreign visitors but also earn foreign exchange for the country.
The
said hotel enjoys international reputation ....
As
stated above your petitioners run a hotel, in which lodging and meals including
service of alcoholic beverages, both foreign liquor and Indian-made foreign
liquor are provided to the residents and customers from the restaurants, bars
and other rooms within the hotel precincts. The said restaurants cater for
outsiders though mostly foreign tourists and the said restaurants are being
maintained and/or run in accordance with the international standards for which
your petitioner have had to incur heavy overhead expenses as is the case in the
matter of maintenance of lodging. These restaurants and bars are part and
parcel of the hotel though the same is not restricted to residents of the hotel
only." In the written statement filed before the High Court on 22-3-1983, the Corporation affirmed as under:
"With
reference to paragraph 7 of the petition I dispute and deny the allegations. I
say that the hotel provides entertainment with all items of music amusement
etc. and is famous for its cabaret any allegation contrary thereto are denied.
I say that before entering into the cabaret room one has to purchase a special
ticket for admission on a very high price."
9. It
is not disputed in the counter filed by the company in the special leave
petition that the said restaurants in the evening provide piped music and
sometimes vocal as well as instrumental music. The said restaurants also have
dancing floors where the guests are allowed to dance to the tune of the music.
10.
The admitted facts, therefore, are that there are dancing floors in the
restaurants where the residents and other guests entertain themselves. The
entertainment is further provided by music including vocal music. At the 695
relevant time the cabaret shows were also performed in the restaurant to
entertain the guests. In the counter filed in this Court the company has,
however, stated that cabaret shows are done on rare occasions like Christmas
and New Year eve etc.
11.A
"dancing hall" cannot operate without obtaining a licence under
Section443 of the Act. What is a dancing hall? A dancing hall as understood in
the ordinary parlance is a place where dancing floor is provided and live
orchestra or music in any other form is played to entertain the guests who wish
to come on the floor and dance. Dancing halls are peculiar to the Western
social life. In the cosmopolitan cities in this country, even today, one finds
number of dancing halls and discotheques where people go in the evenings and
entertain themselves. We see no difference in a "dancing hall" and a
restaurant where a proper dancing floor is provided and the guests entertain
themselves by using the floor to the tune of live or recorded music.
Simply
because the recreation in the shape of dancing is provided along with a
posh-eating place would not make it different than a "dancing hall"
where drinks and eatables are also invariably provided. We are, therefore, of
the view that the restaurants run by the company are places similar to the
dancing halls and, as such, are places of public amusement covered by the
provisions of Section 443 of the Act.
12. We
allow the appeal, set aside the impugned judgment of the Division Bench of the
High Court and dismiss the writ petition of the company filed before the
Calcutta High Court. 'The appellants shall be entitled to costs which we
quantify as Rs 20,000.
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