Union of India & ANR Vs. Harish
Chander Bhatia & Ors [1994] INSC 655 (8 December 1994)
HANSARIA B.L. (J) HANSARIA B.L. (J) KULDIP
SINGH (J)
CITATION: 1995 SCC (2) 48 JT 1995 (1) 233
1994 SCALE (5)144
ACT:
HEADNOTE:
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
HANSARIA, J.-
1.
The
perennial dispute of Service Law-inter se seniority between promotees and
direct recruits-has surfaced again in this appeal. This time the parties in
dispute are officers belonging to DANI 50 (Delhi and Andaman and Nicobar
Islands) Police Service (the Service). To resolve the lis we shall have to
first determine as to when the respondents can be said to have become members
of the Service and then we have to find out as to how they are to be placed in
the seniority list to be prepared as required by Rule 29 of the DANI Police
Service Rules, 1971 (for short 'the Rules').
2.
2.While
making appointments to the Service, proportion as specified in Rule 5 has to be
home in mind-which, under normal circumstances is 1: 1 qua promotees and direct
recruits, which, however, for reasons to be recorded, may be varied in the
exigency of public service. The respondents herein, who are 4 in number were
appointed after they had gone through the procedure of selection mentioned in
Rule 24. They admittedly did not come to be appointed as per Rule 16. They came
to occupy the promotional post of Assistant Commissioner of Police, by virtue
of what has been provided in Rule 25. We would be called upon to determine
whether the respondents were appointed under sub-rule (1) or sub-rule (3) of
this rule. After having done so, we would be required to see as to how their
seniority vis-a-vis the direct recruits has to be determined.
3.
Rules
4, 14, 15, 16, 24, 25 and 29 of the Rules are relevant to determine the controversy
at hand and they read as below:
"4. Strength of the Service.- (1) The
authorised permanent strength of the Service and the posts included therein
shall be as specified in the Schedule.
(2) The number of selection grade posts in
the Service shall be 13 per centof the authorised permanent strength of the
Service.
(3) The Central Government or the
Administrator, subject to such conditions and limitations as may be specified
by the Central Government, may, by order, create duty posts for such period as
may be specified therein.
14. Conditions of Eligibility and Procedure
for Selection.- (1) The Committee shall consider from time to time the cases of
officers eligible under clause (b) of sub-rule (1) of Rule 5, who have served
in the respective cadre or posts, as the case may be, for not less than two
years and prepare a list of officers recommended for appointment after taking
into account the actual vacancies at the time of selection and those likely to
occur during a year. The selection for inclusion in the list shall be based on
merit and suitability in all respects for appointment to the Service with due
regard to seniority.
(2)The seniority of the officers eligible for
consideration by the Committee under sub- rule (1) shall be determined by the
Central Government with due regard to the dates of their appointments on a
regular basis to the respective cadre or posts, the pay scales of the posts
etc.:
51 Provided that the persons belonging to the
same parent service or Department shall be ranked inter se in order of their
relative seniority in the parent Service or Department, as the case may be;
(3) The names of persons included in the list
shall be arranged in order ofmerit.
(4) The list so prepared shall be forwarded
by the Committee to the CentralGovernment.
15. Consultation with the Commission.- (1)
The list prepared under Rule 14 together with the relevant records shall be
forwarded by the Central Government to the Commission, where consultation with
the Commission is necessary or where the Chairman of the Committee desires that
a reference be made to the Commission along with the relevant records.
(2)If the Commission considers it necessary
to make any change in the list received from the Central Government the
Commission shall inform the Central Government of the changes proposed by it.
*(3) The list shall finally be approved by
the Central Government after taking into account the changes, if any, proposed
by the Commission, and where any changes suggested by the Commission are not
accepted, the reasons for such non-acceptance shall be recorded in writing.
(4)The list thus finally approved shall be in
force until a fresh list is prepared for the purpose in accordance with these
rules. All persons except those under the Himachal Pradesh Administration who
immediately before the commencement of these rules were born on the list
approved by the Central Government under sub-rule (4) of Rule 15 of the Delhi,
Himachal Pradesh and Andaman and Nicobar Islands Police Service Rules, 1965,
shall be deemed to have been included in the same order in a list approved
under sub-rule (4) of this rule.
*Substituted w.e.f. 12.74 vide MHA
Notification No. U14012/10/73-UTS, dated 2-12-1974.
16. Appointment to the Service.- Appointment
to the Service shall be made in order of merit in the list referred to in
sub-rule (4) of Rule 15 with due regard to the proportion specified in Rule 5.
24. Selection for Officiating Appointment.-If
at any time the Central Government is of the opinion that the number of
officers available in the list referred to in sub-rule (4) of Rule 15 for
appointments to duty posts is not adequate having regard to the vacancies in
such posts, it may direct the Committee to consider the case of officers who
have officiated for a period of not less than three years in any of the cadres
mentioned in clause (b) of sub-rule (1) of Rule 5 and prepare a separate list
of officers selected.
The selection for inclusion in the list shall
be based on merit and suitability in all respects for 52 officiating
appointments to duty posts with due regard to seniority. The provisions of
sub-rules (3) and (4) of Rule 14 and Rule 15 shall apply mutatis mutandis in
the preparation of the selection list under this rule.
25. Officiating appointment to duty posts of
the Service.- (1) If a member of the Service is not available for holding a
duty post, the post may be filled on an officiating basis- (a) by the
appointment of an officer included in the list referred to in sub-rule (4) of
Rule 15, or (b) if no such officer is available, by the appointment of an
officer included in the list prepared under Rule 24.
(2)Notwithstanding anything contained in
these rules if the exigencies of public service so require, a duty post for
which a member of the Service is not available may be filled on an officiating
basis by the appointment with prior consultation with the Commission of an
officer belonging to a State Police Service on deputation for such period or
periods ordinarily not exceeding three years as the Central Government may
consider necessary.
(3)Notwithstanding anything contained in
these rules, where appointment to a duty post is to be made purely as a local
arrangement for a period of not exceeding six months, such appointment may be
made by the administrator from persons who are included in the list prepared
under sub-rule (4) of Rule 15, or Rule 24 or who are eligible for inclusion in
such a list (4)Any appointment made under sub-rule (3) shall be reported by the
Administrator to the Central Government forthwith.
29. Seniority.- The Central Government shall
prepare a list of members of the Service arranged in order of seniority as
determined in the manner specified below:
(1) Member of the Service appointed at the
initial constitution under Rule 17 shall be ranked inter se in the order of
their relative seniority in the Delhi, Himachal Pradesh and Andaman and Nicobar
Islands Police Service:
Provided that if the seniority of any such
officer had not been specifically determined before the commencement of these
rules, it shall be as determined by the Central Government.
(2) Seniority of person appointed to the
Service under clauses (a) and (b) of sub-rule (1) of Rule 5 after the initial
constitution under Rule 17, shall be determined as follows:
(a) Persons recruited on the results of the
competitive examination in any year shall be ranked inter se in the order of
merit in which they are placed at the competitive examination on the results of
which they are recruited, those recruited on the basis of an earlier examination
53 being ranked senior to those recruited on the basis of later examination.
(b) The seniority inter se of persons
recruited by selection shall be determined on the basis of the order in which
their names are arranged in the list prepared under Rule 14, those recruited on
the basis of an earlier selection being ranked senior to those recruited on the
basis of a later selection.
(c) The relative seniority of direct recruits
and of promotees shall be determined according to the rotation of vacancies between
direct recruits and promotees which shall be based on the quotas of vacancies
reserved for direct recruitment and promotion under Rule 5."
4.
From
the above, it is clear that for a person to be appointed under subrule (1) of
Rule 25, he has to be an officer whose name is included in the list referred to
in sub-rule (4) of Rule 15 or one prepared under Rule 24.
Insofar as sub-rule (3) is concerned, this
requirement is not to be satisfied, and further, appointment under that
sub-rule cannot exceed six months and is made as a local arrangement. The
respondents are those whose names found place in the list prepared under Rule
24 and their appointments not having been made purely as a local arrangement
for a period not exceeding six months, we have no difficulty in upholding the
view of the Central Administrative Tribunal, Principal Bench, whose judgment
has been impugned in this appeal, that respondents were appointed under
sub-rule (1).
5.
There
is no serious dispute to this position even by learned Additional Solicitor
General, Shri Tulsi, who has appeared for the appellants. His first real
contention is that despite the appointments being under sub-rule (1), the
respondents cannot be taken to have been appointed to the Service and as such
the direction of the Tribunal to treat them as permanent appointees instead of
as officiating hands, is not in consonance with what has been provided in the
Rules. Shri Tulsi submits that appointment to the Service can be made only as
visualised by Rule 16 and this can be of those whose names find place in the
list referred in sub-rule (4) of Rule 15. The respondents not being such
incumbents, they cannot be treated as permanent appointees to the Service.
6.
This
submission would not be correct if heart of the matter is looked into. To put
it differently, the submission is not correct in substance, but is so only in
form. We have taken this view because an examination of Rule 24 shows that the
list prepared as required by that rule, has also to satisfy the requirements of
provisions of sub-rules (3) and (4) of Rules 14 and 15. This shows that the
incumbents whose names find place in the list prepared as contemplated by Rule
24 are also those who have been duly selected and consultation with the
Commission has also been made and the list prepared has been forwarded to the
Central Government as well for its doing the needful. There is thus no
difference in substance between the list prepared, as 54 contemplated by Rule
14 read with Rule 15, and the one visualised by Rule 24. So, there appears to
be no justifiable reason to regard Rule 24 selectees as in any way inferior to
Rule 14 selectees. According to us, they stand almost at par. It is because of
this that clauses (a) and (b) of sub-rule (1) of Rule 25 have virtually made no
distinction between these two categories of incumbents.
7.
Shri
Tulsi, however, contends that Rule 25 visualises officiating appointment and
not permanent; and that appointment is required to be made when a member of the
Service is not available. Though this is so, but the facts of the present case
would show that though the appointments were stated to be officiating these
continued for a very long period, which in the case of Respondent 1 was of
about 12 years as he came to be appointed under Rule 25 on 6-11- 1972 and was
fixed permanently in the slot meant for promotees on 28-7-1984. An officiating
appointment for over a decade cannot be treated as fleeting appointment with no
service benefits to be given. Any other view would very seriously prejudice
such a service-holder who, even after having rendered service equal to those of
permanent appointees for a long period, and that too for proper functioning of
the Service, would be denied the benefit of the same for no cogent reasons. Any
other view is bound to have a demoralising effect in the Service as a whole. As
the appointments under Rule 25 are also to duty posts, which may form part of
the strength of Service because what has been stated in Rule 4(3), we are of
the view that justice of the case and the need to preserve the efficient
functioning of the Service would require to treat the appointments of the
respondents as permanent, despite their having been first appointment on
officiating basis.
8.
The
real hub lies in the placement of the respondents in the seniority list. Shri
Tulsi has urged that we may not do anything, because of the long period for
which respondents have served, which would be against the principle of
seniority embodied in Rule 29. As per clause (c) of sub-rule (2) of this rule
inter se seniority has to be determined according to the "rotation of
vacancies between direct recruits and promotees", which shall be based on
the quotas of vacancies reserved for direct recruitment and promotion under
Rule 5, which, as already noted, is in the ratio of 1: 1. The learned counsel,
on the strength of recent decision of this Court in Syed Khalid Rizvi v. Union
of India1 contends that present is not a case where seniority can be determined
on the basis of continuous officiation. Shri Tulsi earnestly prays that we may
not depart for the requirement of Rule 29 as sanctity of law is greater than
interest of some individuals. It is also submitted that the present is not a
case as to which it can be said that quota rule has broken down, in which case
alone, seniority which is required to be determined on the basis of quota can
be fixed on the basis of length of service. We are reminded that the quota rule
has become an inseparable part of our service jurisprudence, as 1 1993 Supp (3)
SCC 575: 1994 SCC (L&S) 84: (1994) 26 ATC 192 55 it allows a harmonious
combination of fresh blood and old experience, and we may not do anything to
cause dent to this useful principle.
9.
The
strenuous contention of Shri Gupta, appearing for the respondents, is that the
present is a case on all fours with O.P Singla v. Union of India2 in which case
this Court in a similar situation took the view that seniority was required to
be determined on the basis of length of service, despite there being quota in
appointment to the Service in that case also, which was taken to have broken
down.
10.
In
our view, a few scattered appointments against the quota rule as have been
given here, cannot be taken to be breakdown of the principle of quota. Such
appointments are at times made in exigency of service because of non-
availability either of direct recruits or suitable incumbents for promotion. In
Singla case2 breakdown was read because of the language of the service rule
concerned and the way appointments had come to be made. The fact situation and
provision in the rules are different here.
Singla case2 cannot, therefore, come to the
aid of the respondents.
11.
According
to us, the just and proper order to be passed would be to direct the appellants
to treat the dates of officiating appointments of the respondents as the dates
of their regular appointments and then to place them in the seniority list as
required by Rule 29 i.e. to interpose a direct recruit in between two promotees
as per their respective inter se seniorities; and we direct accordingly.
The seniority would, therefore, be refixed of
all concerned, not as per length of service alone as ordered by the Tribunal,
but as indicated by us.
12.
Before
closing, it is required to be stated that we have not appreciated the stand
taken by the appellants.
This is for the reason that employers like
the appellants, who are required to be model employers, should not take a stand
which is unfair. They have to treat both the wings of the Service fairly, as
both are equally important insofar as they are concerned. The need for making
this observation has been felt because what we find is that despite an
incumbent like Respondent 1 having served for more than a decade following his
appointment, the stand taken is that he should be taken to have become a member
of the Service from 1984 and not from 1972, being oblivious of the fact that
for more than 12 years he had discharged the functions of the higher post to
the satisfaction of all concerned. Denial of such long period of service for the
purpose of seniority is an unjustified and arbitrary act which a model employer
has to eschew.
13.
The
appeal is disposed of as per direction given earlier. In the facts and
circumstances of the case we make no order as to costs. Special Leave Petition
(C) No. 22013 of 1994 (CC No. 21852 of 1993) 14.This petition stands disposed
of in terms of the judgment in CA No. 2481 of 1993 delivered today.
Back