Hatamantl.
Kukkadi Vs. State of Karnataka [1993] INSC 372 (21 September 1993)
Reddy,
K. Jayachandra (J) Reddy, K. Jayachandra (J) Ray, G.N. (J)
CITATION:
1994 AIR 1546 1994 SCC (1) 736 JT 1993 (5) 381 1993 SCALE (3)820
ACT:
HEAD NOTE:
The
Judgment of the Court was delivered by K. JAYACHANDRA REDDY, J.-These two
appeals are filed under Section 379 CrPC read with Section 2 of the Supreme
Court (Enlargement of Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction) Act. There are II
appellants in Criminal Appeal No. 236 of 1982 and they figured as original
accused 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 14, 16, 18 and 19 and original accused 10, 12 and
20 are the appellants in Criminal Appeal No. 237 of 1982. They along with nine
others were tried for offences punishable under Sections 148, 302/149 and also
under Sections 323, 324 and 326 read with 149 IPC. The trial court convicted
A-11 Venkappa Bhagavanthappa under Section 302 IPC and sentenced him to undergo
imprisonment for life and acquitted the rest.
A-11
preferred an appeal against his conviction and the State of Karnataka also filed an appeal against the
acquittal of the 19 other accused. The High Court dismissed the 738 appeal
filed by A-11 and he has not preferred any appeal in this Court. In respect of
acquittal of other accused, the High Court, however, set aside the acquittal of
the appellants and convicted them for the offences for which they were charged
and sentenced them to undergo imprisonment for life and also various terms of
imprisonment for the lesser offences. The sentences were directed to run
concurrently. The acquittal of the remaining accused were confirmed by the High
Court. Hence the present two appeals.
2. The
prosecution case is as follows. Chilmur is a small village predominantly
inhabited by shepherds. A-1 to A-20 being the residents of the said village
belong to shepherds community and are related among themselves. A-1, A-18 and
A-19 are brothers. A-17 is their elder sister and she was married to one Bhimangoudo
Patil and she was deserted. She came back to her parents' house and was
residing with her brothers. PWs 3, 6, 7, 8, 11 and 12 are brothers. PW 2 is
their sister. She was married to one Fakirappa. The deceased Yallappa was the
cousin brother of PW 6 and also the brother of A-2 and A-6. He got separated
from them and was living separately. Another deceased Pandappa was only a child
of one year and was the younger son of PW 3. Though the accused and these PWs
are related, they were not on cordial terms. There used to be quarrels. On June 23, 1979 there was such a quarrel. A-2, A-3,
A-5 and A-11 allegedly assaulted PW 16 and a complaint was given and some of
the PWs figured as witnesses in that case. There was another complaint against
A-2 and others and the allegation was that they committed trespass and hurt. In
that PWs 3, 8 and the deceased Yallappa figured as eyewitnesses. A-5 filed a
complaint against PWs 8, 18 and some others. In that A-2 and A-9 figured as
witnesses. The said complaint was referred to the police for investigation. On
July 14, 1979, PW 16 accompanied by PWs 3 and 8 went to the police station
which is about six miles away and after sunset on that day PW 2 was preparing jawar
breads and her daughter Yallavva was asked by her to get up and see as there
was "danger of wolves". A-17 heard this and thought that PW 2 is
indirectly calling her a wolf and there was a quarrel and there was exchange of
abuses. A-17 dragged out PW 2 and pulled her saree. This was reported to PW 8
and others.
Thereafter
it is the prosecution case that A-1 to A-20 armed with sickles and sticks etc.
went towards the temple shouting. Seeing them so coming, PW 8 followed by PW 4
went forward and asked them not to make galata. The accused started beating
everyone who came in front of them. While A-2 and A-5 beat PW 8 with sticks,
A-11 cut on PW 4 with an axe on the left side of the neck but it missed and the
blow landed on the child Pandappa whom she was carrying and who was asleep
resting his head on her shoulder. As the blow fell on the centre of the head of
the child, he died immediately. Hearing the galata, PW 5 came out of the house
and received injuries at the hands of A-13. A-18 and A-19 cut on PW 9 with axe
and sickle. PW 9 received severe injuries. In the meanwhile A-1 and A-3
assaulted the deceased Yallappa with sticks. A-10 cut him with axe on his hand
and the deceased fell down. A-8 also cut PW 6 with a sickle. A-2 beat with a
stick on the back of PW 7. A-13 hurled a stone at him. A-20 also 739 assaulted
PW 11 on his back with a stick. A-14 and A-20 also assaulted PW 11. Soon after
the deceased Yallappa fell down, all the accused left the place. The deceased Yallappa
and PW 9 who had sustained severe injuries were lying at the place of incident
and they were taken to the katta. PW 16 went to the place of incident and he wanted
to remove the injured immediately and tried to arrange a taxi to take them to
the hospital. PW 19 who was contacted by PW 16 rang up the police station at Ramdurg.
PW 27, the Police Sub- Inspector, went in a taxi to Chilmur reaching there at
about 11 p.m. and he arranged to send the injured Yallappa and PW 9. They were
taken to a hospital at Hubli. The Police Sub- Inspector recorded the complaint
Ex. P-7 from PW 8 and sent the same for registration of the crime. The other
injured persons were also sent for medical examination. PW 28, Circle Inspector
took over the investigation. Inquest was held on the dead body of the child.
Meanwhile Yallappa was examined by the Doctor, PW 10, who admitted him. He
noticed two lacerated wounds on him. Yallappa died two days later and the
postmortem was conducted by another Doctor, PW 13 who found two stitched wounds
and some abrasions and on dissection, he found two internal injuries; (i) the
entire scalp layer was contused and (ii) depressed comminuted fracture with radiating
fissured fractures over the right parietal bone and right occipital, right
temporal, left parietal and left side of the frontal bones. He found that brain
showed large extradural blood clot. He also found that 2nd, 3rd, 5th and 6th
ribs on the right side were fractured. He opined that injuries 1 and 2 were
caused as a result of two different blows and the third injury was due to a
fall on rough surface. The accused were arrested and after completion of the
investigation, the charge-sheet was laid. The accused pleaded not guilty.
3. The
learned Sessions Judge concluded that the child Pandappa and Yallappa, the two
deceased met with homicidal death. He also held that PWs 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 and
11 sustained injuries. He, however, doubted the ability of the witnesses to
identify the accused as the occurrence took place during darkness and that
since the witnesses were interested, their evidence did not inspire confidence
and accordingly acquitted the accused except A-11. He, however, held A-11
guilty for causing the death of the child. The High Court, while reversing the
order of acquittal, held that the learned Sessions Judge grossly erred in
rejecting the evidence of the injured eyewitnesses merely on the ground that
they are interested and that they could not have identified the accused.
4. We
have gone through the judgment of the Sessions Court and the reasons given by
him are absolutely unsound and the view taken by him is unreasonable. PWs 3 to
9 and 11 were injured and their presence at the scene of occurrence cannot be
doubted. PW 9, among them, received fairly serious injuries. All the
particulars are mentioned in the FIR.
The
injuries on these witnesses as well as on the two deceased persons would go to
show that quite a number of accused persons participated in the attack. In
addition to that the circumstantial evidence namely the observation report of
the scene of occurrence and recoveries also corroborate the evidence of the
injured 740 eyewitnesses. We have gone through the evidence of each of these
injured witnesses. They have given the details of the occurrence and also
clearly named the assailants. The High Court has convicted mostly such of those
accused to whom specific overt acts were attributed and to that extent
corroborated by the medical evidence. Therefore there is overwhelming evidence
establishing the participation of these accused who are figuring as appellants
before us.
5. The
next and most important question is whether the common object of the unlawful
assembly was to commit murder and whether by applying Section 149 all of them
can be convicted under Sections 302/149 IPC. The prosecution case is that one
year old child accidentally received the injury on the head caused by A- II.
From the said attack on this child, it cannot be inferred that the common
object of the unlawful assembly was to commit murder. Then we are left with the
death of Yallappa. Though some of the accused were armed with axes and other
cutting weapons, but they did not inflict even a single injury on the deceased.
Yallappa was admitted into the hospital and PW 10 who examined him found the
following injuries:
"1.
Lacerated wound of 31/2" x 3/4" over the vertex. Blood clots present.
2.
Lacerated wound 4" x 3/4" situated obliquely over the left parietal
region 31/2" above the left ear." PW 10 did not find any other
injury. As a matter of fact he clarified it in cross-examination by stating
that these are the only two injuries which he noticed. He also opined that
these injuries could have been caused only by a blunt weapon. As already noted,
Yallappa died two days later and PW 13, who conducted the postmortem, also
found that the two injuries were on the head resulting in fissured fracture of
the skull. He, however, noticed on internal examination fracture of some ribs
for which there were no corresponding external injuries. He opined that it
could be due to a fall or some pressure being applied. The evidence of the
direct witnesses is to the effect that A-1, A-3 and A-10 beat the deceased with
sticks. But the Doctor found only two injuries on the head and Yallappa died
two days later. If really the common object of the unlawful assembly was to
commit murder, one would naturally expect such of those accused who were armed
with deadly weapons to use them. The nature of the two lacerated injuries found
also would show that the assailants did not use much force or cause much
violence. As a matter of fact, a number of injuries were found on the
eyewitnesses but on deceased Yallappa on whom there were only two lacerated
wounds. The common object of the unlawful assembly has to be inferred from the
membership, the weapons used and the nature of the injuries as well as other
surrounding circumstances.
6. Shri
Javali, learned senior counsel appearing for the State submitted that all the
accused went in a body and attacked. Therefore every one of them would
constructively be liable by virtue of application of Section 149 IPC.
Going
in a body cannot be a decisive factor in inferring the common 741 object. Many
other factors, as mentioned above, have to be taken into consideration. In a
given case, the prosecution has to prove that the person concerned was not only
a member of the unlawful assembly at some stage but also shared the common
object of the unlawful assembly at all the crucial stages. Having given our
earnest consideration, we think it is highly unsafe to convict all the
appellants under Sections 302/149 IPC. Taking the medical evidence into
consideration and the nature of the weapons used on the deceased Yallappa, we
are of the view that the common object of the unlawful assembly was to cause griveous
hurt.
Accordingly
we set aside the conviction of the appellants under Sections 302/149 IPC and
sentence of imprisonment of life awarded thereunder. Instead we convict them
under Sections 326/149 IPC and sentence each of them to undergo seven years'
RI. The other convictions and sentences awarded by the High Court are
confirmed. The sentences shall run concurrently. If the accused are on bail,
they shall surrender' to serve out the remaining period of the sentence.
Subject to the modification of sentence, both the appeals are dismissed.
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