Chandrika
Singh & Ors Vs. Raja Vishwanath Pratap Singh & Anr [1992] INSC 115 (22 April 1992)
Agrawal, S.C. (J) Agrawal, S.C. (J) Fathima Beevi, M. (J)
CITATION:
1992 AIR 1318 1992 SCR (2) 640 1992 SCC (3) 90 JT 1992 (3) 55 1992 SCALE (1)883
ACT:
U..P .Zamindari
abolition and land reforms Act,1950:
Section
3(14),143,144,333(1) and 331-A: conditions of ap- plicability of section
331-A-land comprising of building and land surrounding the building whether
falls within the definition 'land '-jurisdiction over such matters-whether
vested with civil courts or revenue courts.
Civil
Procedure code,1908:
Section
115-Revision-Civil Court exercising jurisdiction not vested in it by
statute-Illegality committed in exercise of jurisdiction-Rectification of by
High Court in exercise of its Revision Jurisdiction -Need for.
HEAD NOTE:
Respondents
field a suit for possession of certain property,stating that the father of
appellant Nos.1 and 2 was in possession of the property as a care taker and
that after his death appellant Nos.1 and 2 continued in posses- sion of the
same and did not vacate inspite of promises;
instead
they got their names entered in the records in respect of the property the
plaintiffs sought a decree for ejectment as well as pendente lite and future
damages for use and occupation.The defendents-appellants contested the suit
claiming that it was not maintainable in the Civil Court inasmuch as it related
to agricultural land it was also claimed that the entire area came within the
definition 'land' since no declaration was made under section 143 of the U.P.Zamindari
Abolition and land reforms Act,1950.The Civil judge observed that the land
occupied by the building or appurtenant thereto was excluded from the
definition 'land'in the U.P.Tenancy Act,1939 and since the house was there even
prior to the commencement of the U.P.Zamindari Abolition and land reforms
Act,1950,the same is not applica- ble He,therefore held the land to be abadi land,the
Revenue courts had no jurisdiction over it and the Civil Court Could entertain
the suit.
641
The appellants produced extracts of the relevant Khatauni which showed the
plaintiff as bhumidhar of the suit property.The Civil judge help that reliance
could not be placed on these and observed that under the law if the land
appurtenant to a building is being used for agricultural purposes it would not
lose its nature of land appurtenant to building The appellants preferred a
Revision and the High Court dismissed the same.Against the High Court's order,the
appellant preferred the present appeals by special leave.
On
behalf of the appellants, it was contended that all the three conditions
stipulated in section 331-A of the U.P.Zamindari abolition and Land Reforms Act,were
fulfilled in this case; that no declaration has been made under section 143 or
144 of the Act in respect of the suit land;
that
the question whether the land was used or not for purpose of agriculture etc.ought
to have been considered since the respondents claimed that it was abadi landthat
there was no justification in ignoring the entry in the relevant khatauni and
entries in the revenue record;and that the civil judge had no jurisdiction to
decide issue nos.5 and 6.
On
behalf of the respondents it was contended that admittedly there was a building
on the land in dispute and since the land surrounding the building was
appurtenant to the building the entire area was abadi land.
Allowing
the appeal,this court,
HELD:1.1.In
order that section 331-A of the U.P. Zamindari Abolition and Land reforms
act,1950 may be invoked three conditions must be satisfied, viz (i) the suit
must relate to land held by a bhumidhar;(ii)the question whether the land in
question is or is not used for purposes connected with agriculture,
horticulture or animal husbandry should arise or be raised in the said suit and
(iii) a declaration has not been made in respect of such land under section 143
or section 144.(650 A-C) 1.2.In respect of abadi land it is implied that the
land is not being used for purposes connected with agriculture, horticulture or
animal husbandry and in view of the definition of 'land' contained in section
2(14) of the act such land is not land for the purpose of the act. In order to
exclude the applicability of the act on the ground that the land is abadi land it
is necessary to determine whether the said land is or is not being 642 used for
purposes connected with agriculture, horticulture or animal husbandry. Such a
determination is envisaged by sec- tions 143 and 144 and where such a
determination has not been made in accordance with those provisions and this ques-
tion arises before a Court in a suit it is required to be determined in
accordance with the provisions of section 331- A.
The
scheme of the provision contained in section 143,section 144 and section 331-A
is that the question whether a particular land is or is not used for the
purposes connected with agriculture horticulture or animal husbandry has to be
determined either under section 143 or section 144 and where no such
determination has been made,it should be determined by following the procedure
laid down in section 331-A.It is not open to a court dealing with a suit in
which the said question arises to by pass the provision of section 331-A.and to
proceed to determine the said question itself ( 649 E-H;650 A ) 1.3.This would
be so even in a case where a building exists on the land and the land is
claimed to be appurtenant to the building because in such a case it will be
necessary to determine the extent of the land that is appurtenant to the building
i e whether the entire land or only a part of it is so appurtenant to the
building and for that reason is not held or occupied for purposes connected
with agricul- ture,horticulture or animal husbandry. This determination has to
be made in accordance with the provisions of section 143 and 144 or section
331-A of the Act.( 651 E )
2. In
the instant case the conditions for applicability of the provisions of section
331-A were fulfilled. In view of entry in the khatauni for the year 1377 Fasli
(Ex.A-A) which must be presumed to be correct in view of section 44 of the U.P.Land
revenue Act,1901 the said land was held by the respondents as bhumidhar. The
question whether the suit land is or is not held for purposes connected with
agriculture arises in the suit filed by the respondents. There is no
declaration in relation to land in dispute under section 143 of the Act.(651
F,G) 3.It was not open to the civil court to decide on its own,the question
whether the said land was held or occupied for purposes connected with
agriculture horticulture or animal husbandry and after holding that it is not
so held,refuse to follow the procedure laid down in section 331-A on the ground
that the said provision has no applica- tion to the land in dispute the only
course which was open to the civil judge was to frame 643 an issue on the
question whether the in land dispute is or is not used for purposes connected
with agriculture, hortic- uture or animal husbandry and send the record to the
assist- ant collector in charge of the subdivision for decision on that issue
and decide the suit in the light of the finding recorded by the Assistant
Collector on that issue. By decid- ing this question himself the civil judge
has exercised jurisdiction not vested in him by law and in not following the
procedure laid down in section 331-A he has committed illegality in exercise of
his jurisdiction which error was required to be rectified by the high court in
exercise of its revisional jurisdiction under section 115 CPC.( 651 H; 652 A-C)
4.The judgment and order of the high court and the order passed by the civil
judge are set aside. The civil judge is directed to frame an issue on the
question whether the suit land is or is not used for purposes connected with agricul-
ture, horticulture or animal husbandry which includes pisci- culture and
poultry farming and after framing the said issue send the record to the
assistant collector in charge of sub division for the decision on that issue (
652 D-E )
&
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil appeal no 3785 of 1983.
Form
the judgment and order dated 2.4.1980 of the Allaha- bad high court in civil
revision No 3770 of 1978.
J.P.Goyal
T.N.singh B.M.Sharma and S.N.Singh for the Appeal lants.
Yogeshwar
Prasad Mrs.Rani Chhabra and Ms.Rachana Gupta for the Respondents The judgement
of the court was delivered by S.C.AGRAWAL,J.This appeal by special leave is
directed against the judgment of the Allahabad High Court dated April 2,1980.It
raises the question whether the civil court has jurisdiction to decide the
issue whether the land in dispute in a suit or proceeding before it is a abadi
land or some other land. It involves the interpretation of section 331-A of the
U.P.Zamindari Abolition and land reforms Act.1950 (U.P.Act No.1 of 1951)
hereinafter referred to as'the Act.
644
The dispute relates to a plot of land bearing settle- ment No. 141/176-177
situate within the limits of Municipal Corporation of Varanasi. The said land
consists of a resi- dential house, Shiwala (temple), pucca well and open land
enclosed by a boundary wall. In the municipal records, it is numbered as
18/106, Mohalla Sarang Talab, Varanasi. Respond- ents Nos. 1 and 2 filed a suit
(No.157 of 1973) for posses- sion of the said property in the court of Civil
Judge, Varanasi against the appellants wherein it was alleged that Aparbal
Singh, father of appellant no.1, and Chandra Deep Singh (deceased), who was
appellant no.2, in the appeal and is now represented by his legal
representatives, was in possession of the said property as a care-taker and he
was managing the same of behalf of the plaintiffs and after the death of Aparbal
Singh, appellants nos.1 and 2 continued in possession of the same but they did
not vacate the said property in spite of promises and on the other hand, they
got their names entered in the records in respect of the said property. The
plaintiffs sought a decree for ejectment as well as pendente lite and future
damages for use and occupation. The said suit was contested by the defendants.
In the
written statement, it was claimed that the suit was not maintainable in the
civil court inasmuch as it related to agricultural land. It was stated that the
total area of the disputed property is 4 Bighas 10 biswas (2.92 acres) out of
which the residential house, pucca well and the land appurtenant to the house
cover in area of 10 Biswas and the rest of the land measuring about 4 Bighas
was being culti- vated by the defendants. It was also claimed that the entire
area comes within the definition of 'land' since no declara- tion was made
under section 143 of the Act. It was also claimed that Aparbal Singh and Alpanath
Singh, father of defendants nos. 3 and 4, having equal share in the land became
sirdars and after the death of Aparbal Singh, Alpa- nath is in possession as
owner Sirdar of the said land. In the view of the said pleadings, the Civil
Judge framed Issues Nos. 5 and 6 which are as under:
Issue No.5
: Is suit land agricultural land as defined in U.P. Act, 1951 ? Issue No.6 : Is
the suit triable by this Court so far as suit land is concerned ? The said
issues were tried as preliminary issues and were decided in favour of the
plaintiffs-respondents and against the appellants by the Civil Judge-I, Varanasi by his order dated September 14, 1978. The Civil Judge 645 held that in
the written statement dated September 31, 1983, it has been alleged by the defendants-appellants that about 23 years
back, the disputed house was in a very dilapidated condition and that Aparbal
Singh and Alpanath Singh invested about Rs.15,000 and made the house habitable.
On the basis of the said allegation in the written statement, the Civil Judge
held that the disputed property had a house, though in a dilapidated condition,
before July 1,1952 the date of the enforcement of the
Act and he considered the matter in the light of the provisions contained in
the U.P. Tenancy Act, 1939. After referring to the definition of 'land'
contained in Section 3(1) (0) of the said Act, the Civil Judge ob- served that
the land occupied by building or appurtenant thereto was excluded from the said
definition and, there- fore, the disputed property did not come within the defini-
tion of land as defined in the U.P.Tenancy Act and was abadi and it was not
land as defined in the Act and the revenue court's have got no jurisdiction and
the suit could be entertained by the Civil Court. The defendants-appellants
produced extract of Khatauni for the year 1377 Fasli (Ex.A1) wherein the
plaintiffs have been recorded as bhumidar of the suit property. The copies of
the revenue record (Exs. 2 to 5) were also produced. The civil Judge held that
the said entries were useless and no reliance could be placed on them. It
appears that the property in dispute was also inspected by the Amin, who
prepared a map and submitted his report wherein it was stated that the suit
property is enclosed by a boundary wall and land appurtenant to the building
has been shown as being used for agricultural purposes also. While dealing with
the said report of the Amin, the Civil Judge observed that under law if the
land appurtenant to a building is being used for agricultural purposes, it will
not lose its natured of being land appur- tenant to building. Feeling aggrieved
by the said order of the Civil Judge, the appellants filed a revision in the
High Court which was dismissed by the High Court. Agreeing with the Civil Judge
the High Court has held that the suit land was appurtenant to a building and a Shiwala
and was not being held or occupied for purposes connected with agricul- ture,
horticulture or animal husbandry and hence, prime facie, it was not land as
defined in the Act and, therefore, Section 331-A had no application. The High
Court also ob- served that the lower court had rightly refused to rely on the
revenue records from 1960 onwards which showed that the land was recorded as
the plaintiffs' bhumidari because on the defendants' own pleadings the land was
appurtenant to a house and was rightly held to be abadi property in respect of
which civil court continued 646 to retain jurisdiction and try disputed title.
By
order dated April 4,
1983 leave to appeal
has been limited to the question whether the court had jurisdiction to decided
the issue whether the land is abadi land or some other land.
The
expression "Land" is defined in clause (14) of section 3 as follows:
"Land'
except in Sections 109, 143 and 144 and Chapter VII means land held or occupied
for purposes connected with agriculture, horticulture or animal husbandry which
includes pisciculture and poultry farming".
Section
143 Provides as under:
"143.
Use of holding for industrial or residential purpose - (1) Where a bhumidhar
with transferable rights uses his holding or part thereof for a purpose not
connected with agriculture, horticulture or animal husbandry which includes pisciculture
and poultry farming, the Assistant Collector in charge of the sub- division
may, suo moto or on an application, after making such enquiry as may be
prescribed, make a declaration to that effect.
(I-A)
Where a declaration under sub-section (1) has to be made in respect of a part
of the holding the Assistant Collector in charge of the sub- divisions may in
the manner prescribed demarcate such part for the purposes of such declaration.
(2)
Upon the grant of the declaration mentioned in sub-s.(1) the provisions of this
Chapter (other than this section) shall cease to apply to the bhumidhar with
transferable rights with respect to such land and he shall thereupon be
governed in the matter of devolution of the land by personal law to which he is
subject." Section 144 provides for making of similar declaration where
land held by a bhumindar which is not used for pur- poses connected with
agriculture, horticulture or animal husbandry has become land used for such
purposes.
647
The bar to the jurisdiction of Civil Court is
contained in Section 331(1) which provides as under:
"331
Cognizance of suits, etc. under this Act - (1) Except as provided by or under
this Act no court other then a court mentioned in Column 4 of Schedule II
shall, notwithstanding anything con- tained in the Civil Procedure Code, 1908
(V of 1908), take cognizance of any suit, application, or proceedings mentioned
in Column 3 thereof, or of a suit, application or proceedings based on a cause
of action in respect of which any relief could be obtained by means of any such
suit or application".
Provided
that where a declaration has been made under Section 143 in respect of any
holding or part thereof, the provisions of Schedule II insofar as they relate
to suits, applications or proceedings under Chapter VIII shall not apply to
such holding or part thereof.
Explanation:-If
the cause of action is one in respect of which relief may be granted by the
revenue court, it is immaterial that the relief asked for from the civil court
may not be identical to that which the revenue court would have granted.
Section
331-A prescribes the procedure to be followed by the Court when a plea that the
land is not being used for purposes connected with agricultural, horticulture
or animal husbandry arises or is raised in any suit relating to land held by a bhumidhar.
It reads as under:
"331-A.
Procedure when plea of land being used for agricultural purposes is raised in
any suit - (1) If in any suit, relating to land held by a bhumidhar, instituted
in any court, the question arises or is raised whether the land in question is
or is not used for purposes connected with agriculture, horticulture or animal
husbandry, which includes pisciculture and poultry farming, and a declaration
has not been made in respect of such land under Section 143 or 144, the court
shall frame an issue on the question and send the record to the Assistant
Collector in-charge of the sub-division for the 648 decision of that issue
only:
Provided
that where the suit has been instituted in the court of Assistant Collector
in-charge of the sub-division, it shall proceed to decide the question in
accordance with the provisions of Section 143 or 144, as the case may be.
(2)
The Assistant Collector in-charge of sub- division after reframing the issue,
if necessary, shall proceed to decide such issue in the manner laid down for
the making of a declaration under S.143 or 144, as the case may be, and return
the record together with his finding thereon to the court which referred the
issue.
(3)
The Court shall then proceed to decide the suit accepting the finding of the
Assistant Collector in-charge of the sub-division on the issue referred to it.
(4)
The finding of the Assistant Collector in- charge of the sub-division on the
issue referred to it shall, for the purposes of appeal, be deemed to be part of
the finding of the court which referred the issue." The aforesaid
provisions show that under section 331(1) exclusive jurisdiction in respect of
suits, applications and proceedings referred to in Schedule II of the Act has
been conferred on the courts specified in the said Schedule and the said
proceedings, suits and applications cannot be entertained, by the civil courts.
The proviso to s.331(I) lifts the said bar in relation to any holding or part
thereof where a declaration has been made under section 143.
Section
143 empowers the Assistant Collector after making such enquiry as may be
prescribed, to make a declaration that a holding or part thereof is being used
or held by a bhumidhar for purposes not connected with agriculture,
horticulture or animal husbandry. Where such a declaration is made in respect
of a part of the holding, the Assistant Collector is required to demarcate the
said part. The effect of the grant of such a declaration is that the provi- sions
of Chapter VIII (except s.143) cease to apply to the bhumidhar with
transferable rights with respect to such land.
Section
331-A deals with a situation where a suit relating to land held 649 by a bhumidhar
has been instituted in any court and a ques- tion arises or is raised whether
the land in question is used or is not used for purposes connected with
agriculture, horticulture or animal husbandry and a declaration has not been
made in respect of such land under ss.1433 or 144 of the Act. Since there is no
declaration under Section 143 the proviso to sub-section (1) of Section 331
would not be applicable and the bar to the jurisdiction of the Court placed
under sub-section (1) of Section 331 would be opera- tive. Section 331-a is
intended to serve the same purpose as Section 143 and this is done by requiring
the Court to frame an issue on the said question and send the record to the
Assistant Collector in-charge of the sub-division for the decision on that
issue only and by laying down that the Assistant Collector shall decide the
said issue in the manner laid down for making a declaration under s.143 or
s.144, as the case may be. The court in which the suit is pending has to decide
the suit accepting the finding record- ed by the Assistant Collector in-charge
of the sub-division on the issue referred to it but the said finding can be
challenged in appeal against the decision of the said Court.
This
would mean that when there is no declaration under section 143 the bar to
jurisdiction of courts placed under sub-section (1) of section 331 can be
lifted by following the procedure laid down in Section 331-A.
In
respect of Abadi land it is implied that the land is not being used for
purposes connected with agriculture, horticulture or animal husbandry and in view
of the definition of `land' contained in Section 2(14) of the Act such land is
not land for the purpose of the Act. In order to exclude the applicability of
the Act on the ground that the land is Abadi land it is necessary to determine
whether the said land is or is not being used for purposes connected with
agriculture, horticulture or animal husbandry. Such a determination is
envisaged by Sections 143 and 144 and where such a determination has not been
made in accordance with those provisions and this question arises before a
court in a suit, it is required to be determined in accordance with the
provisions of s.331-A The scheme of the provisions contained in s.143, s.144
and s.331-A is that the question whether a particular land is or is not used for
the purposes connected with agriculture, horticulture or animal husbandry has
be determined either under s.143 or s.144 and where no such determination has
been made, it should be determined by following the procedure laid down in
s.331-A. It is not open to a Court dealing with suit in which the said question
arises to by pass the provisions of section 331-A and to proceed to determine
650 the said question itself.
In
order that s.331-A may be invoked the following conditions must be satisfied:
(i) the
suit must relate to land held by a bhumidhar;
(ii) the
question whether the land in question is or is not used for purposes connected
with agriculture, horticulture or animal husbandry should arise or be raised in
the said suit; and (iii) a declaration has not been made in respect of such
land under s.143 or s.144.
Shri
J.P. Goyal, the learned counsel appearing for the appellants, has submitted
that in the present case all the three conditions are fulfilled. The
respondents are recorded as Bhumidhar in respect of the suit land and,
therefore, the said land is held by a bhumidhar. The question whether the land
in question was used or not used for purposes connected with agriculture,
horticulture or animal husbandry which includes pisciculture and poultry farming
arises for consideration in the suit filed by the respondents because the
respondents claim that it is Abadi land. No declaration has been made in
respect of that suit land under s.143 or s.144. Shri Goyal has urged that in
the circumstances, it was incumbent upon the Civil Judge to frame an issue on
the question and sent the same to the Assistant Collector in-charge of the
sub-division for the decision on that issue as required by sub-section(1) of
Section 331-A and the Civil Judge could not himself decide the said question
while dealing with issues nos.5 and 6.
Shri Goyal
has, therefore, contended that the order passed by the Civil Judge deciding
issues no 5 and 6 was an order passed without jurisdiction and the High Court
has erred in not interfering with the same in revision. Shri Goyal has also
urged that presumption of correctness attaches to record of rights under
section 44 of the U.P. Land Revenue Act, 1901 and that the Civil Judge and the
High Court were not justified in ignoring the entry in the khatauni for 1377 F
(Exh-A-1) and copies of the entries in the revenue record (Exh.2 to Exh.5).
Shri Yogeshwar
Prasad, the learned counsel appearing for the plain-tiffs-respondents has laid
stress on the expression "relating to land" in sub-section (1) of
s.331-A and has urged that the term `land' has to be given 651 the meaning as
contained in s.2(14) of the Act and it was competent for the Civil Judge to
consider whether the suit land is land as defined in s.2(14) of the Act and it
could, therefore, go into the question whether the land in dispute was held or
occupied for purpose connected with agriculture, horticulture or animal
husbandry. The submission of Shri Yogeshwar Prasad is that admittedly there is
a building on the land in dispute, and since the land surrounding the building
is appurtenant to the building the entire area has been rightly held to be abadi
by the Civil Judge as well as the High Court.
We are
unable to agree with the said sub mission of Shri Yogeshwar Prasad. In our
opinion, the question as to whether a particular land is "land" under
section 2(14) of which the provisions of the Act are applicable would require
determination of the question whether the land is held or occupied for purposes
connected with agriculture, horticul- ture or animal husbandry and that is a
matter which has to be determined either in accordance with the provisions of
ss.143 and 144 and if such a determination has not been made and such a
question ariseds or is raised in a suit before a court, the procedure laid down
in s.331-A must be followed by the Court. This would be so even in a case where
a build- ing exists on the land and the land is claimed to be appur- tenant to
the building because in such a case it will be necessary to determine the
extent of the land that is appur- tenant to the building, i.e. whether the
entire land or only a part of it is so appurtenant to the building and for the
reason is not held or occupied for purposes connected with agriculture,
horticulture or animal husbandry. This determi- nation has to be made in
accordance with the provisions of Sections 143 and 144 or Section 331-A of the
Act.
In the
instant case we find that the conditions for applicability of the provisions of
section 331-A were fulfilled. In view of entry in the Khatauni for the year
1377F (ex.A-1) which must be presumed to be correct in view of Section 44 of
the U.P. Land Revenue Act, 1901, the said land was held by the respondents as Bhumidhar.
The question whether the suit land is or is not held for purposes connected
with agriculture arises in the suit filed by the respondents. There is no
declaration in relation to land in dispute under Section 143 of the Act.
It
was, therefore, not open to the Civil Judge to decide, on its own, the question
whether the said land was held or occupied for purposes 652 connected with
agriculture, horticulture or animal husbandry and after holding that it is not
so held refuse to follow the procedure laid down in s.331-A on the ground that
the said provision has no application to the land in dispute.
The
only course which was open to the Civil Judge was to frame an issue on the
question whether the land in dispute is or is not used for purposes connected
with agriculture, horticulture or animal husbandry and send the record to the
Assistant Collector in-charge of the sub-division for deci- sion on that issue
and decide the suit in the light of the finding recorded by the Assistant
Collector on that issue.
By
deciding this question himself the Civil Judge has exer- cised jurisdiction not
vested in him by law and in not following the procedure laid down in section
331-A he has committed illegality in exercise of his jurisdiction which error
was requried to be rectified by the High Court in exercise of its revisional
jurisdiction under section 115 CPC.
The
appeal is, therefore, allowed. The judgment and order of the High Court of
Allahabad dated April 2, 1980 and the order dated September 14, 1978 passed by
the Civil Judge-I, Varanasi are set aside and the Civil Judge is directed to
frame an issue on the question whether the suit land is or is not used for
purposes connected with agricul- ture, horticulture or animal husbandry which
includes pisci- culture and poultry farming and after framing the said issue
send the record to the Assistant Collector in-charge of the sub-division for
the decision on that issue. There will be no order as to costs.
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