Special
Military Estates Officer Vs. Munivenkataramiah & Anr [1990] INSC 2 (10 January 1990)
Punchhi,
M.M. Punchhi, M.M. Rangnathan, S.
CITATION:
1990 AIR 499 1990 SCR (1) 4 1990 SCC (2) 168 JT 1990 (1) 1 1990 SCALE (1)2
ACT:
Requisitioning
and Acquisition of Immovable Property Act, 1952: Sections 11 and 25(1)--Award
of compensation by Arbitrator under section 30--Defence of India Act
1962--Appeal--Maintainability of.
Defence
of India Act 1962: Section 30--Requisitioning of land-Award of compensation by
Arbitrator--Appeal against--Not maintainable in view of Section 25 Requisition-
ing Act in respect of period prior to January 10, 1968.
HEAD NOTE:
The Defence
of India Act, 1962 was passed by Parliament in the wake of the Chinese
aggression to ensure public safety and interest in the Defence of India and
Civil De- fence and other connected matters. It had been passed when the
Requisitioning and Acquisition of Immovable Property Act, 1952 was already in
force. Under the provisions of both these Acts, immovable property could be
requisitioned. Under both Acts compensation on such requisition was
determinable and payable and any person interested, being aggrieved by the
amount of compensation so determined, could have an Arbitrator appointed to
determine the same. The award of the Arbitrator on such determination under
Section 8 was appeal- able under Section 11 of the Requisitioning Act before
the High Court within whose jurisdiction the requisitioned property was
situated. The award of the Arbitrator made under Section 30 in pursuance of the
requisition made under Section 29 of the Defence Act was apparently final,
though specifically not provided, since no right of appeal against the award of
the Arbitrator had been conferred thereunder on any authority.
The Defence
Act ceased being applicable as it perished on January 10, 1968. Simultaneously Section 25 in the Requi- sitioning Act was
substituted.
Some
lands belonging to the first respondent in either of the two appeals were
requisitioned by the Union of India under Section 29 of the Defence of India
Act, 1962 by issu- ing a notification to that effect on 5 April 8, 1963 and
possession was taken by the military authorities on May 28, 1963. The requisitioned property was not released before January 10, 1968 in terms of Section 25(1) of the
Requisitioning Act.
The
Deputy Commissioner, the competent authority fixed Rs.280 per acre per annum as
crop compensation. Respondent No. 1 not being satisfied sought a reference from
the compe- tent authority to an arbitrator. The arbitrator went into the matter
and made an award on June
30, 1971.
The
Special Military Estates Officer being aggrieved with the award filed two
appeals against the orders of the Arbitrator in the High Court, taking shelter
under Section 11 of the Requisitioning and Acquisition of Immovable Property
Act, 1952.
Since
the properties that had been requisitioned had not been released before January
10, 1968, it had to be treated seemingly to have been requisitioned by the
competent au- thority under the provisions of the Requisitioning Act for the
purpose for which such property was held immediately before the said date and
all the provisions of the said Act were to apply.
Objections
to the maintainability of the appeals were taken relying on proviso (a) to
Section 25(1) on the ground, that the word determination' in the context meant determina-
tion only by the competent authority under the Defence Act and since such
determination held the field and was in force immediately before January 10,
1968, no challenge thereto could be made by appealing against the same, on the
premises that a provision amongst all the provisions of the Requisi- tioning
Act provided an appellate forum challenging the same.
The
High Court upheld the objection and dismissed the ap- peals.
The
Special Military Estates Officer appealed to this Court by special leave.
Partially
allowing the appeals, the Court,
HELD:
1. The right of appeal is a substantive right conferred on a party by the
statute. The conferring of such right is not circumscribed by the right being
available at the time of the institution of the cause in the court of the first
instance. In a given situation it may already be available at the institution
of the cause in the court of first instance or 6 may even be subsequently
conferred. In either situation, without any distinction, such right is
conferred by statute.-[10E-F]
2. The
Legislature by enacting Section 25 of the Requi- sitioning Act and on the
perishing of the Defence Act has more than impliedly made available a right of
appeal regard- ing the rate of compensation for a property remaining under
requisition for the post 10th
January, 1968 period,
recur- ring as the rate of compensation would be. [11G-H]
3.
From the scheme of things and from the reading of Section 25 of the
Requisitioning Act as a whole, it is discernible that for the period of
requisition before Janu- ary 10, 1968, the determination for payment of
compensation under the Defence Act would remain untouched and unaltered for
appeal had never been provided under the Act. The reason is not far to seek
because the order of the competent au- thority under the Defence Act was for
the purpose of Defence of India Act. That purpose having gone with effect from
January 10, 1968, the same determination for payment of compensation being
applicable to the cost-date period was seemingly a requisition by the competent
authority under the Requisitioning Act and since all the provisions of the said
Act applied to such a requisition, the payment of compensa- tion as from
January 10, 1968, became appealable as an appeal is provided under this Act.
[10H; 11A-B]
4. The
word 'determination' so far as it related to the period of requisition prior to
January 10, 1968, was a determination, final in character whether it was right
or wrong as having been made under the Defence Act. But for the period
thereafter, the word 'determination' in the context would mean 'final
determination' i.e. the determination of the competent authority if
unchallenged and becoming final, and if appealed against, final determination
by the appel- late forum. [11C-D]
5. A
harmonious construction of the proviso to Section 25(1) with the whole of
parent section indicates that the rate of compensation as determined by the
competent authori- ty under the Defence Act was valid uptil the period January
10, 1968, but from that day onward the same rate of compen- sation per annum
would keep applying till upset or altered in appeal, because deemingly from
that date it is a requisi- tion under the other Act and of a different worth
and cor- rectable in appeal. [11D-E]
6. The
latter portion of proviso (a) cannot therefore be allowed to eat away the
applicability of all the provisions of the Requisition Act, 7 inclusive that of
appeal under Section 11 of the Act. [11 D]
7. In
the instant case, the arbitrator passed both the awards on June 30, 1971, pertaining to the period
commencing from May 28,
1963, the date on
which the possession of the land requisitioned was taken. Plainly the award was
made covering a period not any prior to January 10, 1968 but to a period thereafter. Having
regard to section 25 the objection as raised before the High Court was valid
for the period before January
10, 1968, but not
beyond the period commenc- ing thereafter. The case has therefore to be
remitted back to the High Court for disposal on merits. [11F, 12A]
CIVIL
APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal Nos. 204205 of 1975.
From
the Judgment and Decree dated 9.8. 1974 of the Karnataka High Court in M.F.
Appeal Nos. 582 and 584 of 197 1.
V.C. Mahajan
(N.P.), Tarachand Sharma and C.V. Subba Rao for the Appellant.
K.R. Chaudhary
(N.P.) for the Respondents.
The
Judgment of the Court was delivered by M.M. PUNCHHI, J. It is to establish a
right of appeal in the appellate forum of the High Court that the Special
Military Estates Officer, Bangalore, the
common appellant in these two Civil Appeals by Special Leave, is here in this
Court, challenging the common judgment and order of the High Court of
Karnataka.
The
facts leading to the present appeal are these. Some lands, the extent and
description of which is not material here, belonging to the first respondent in
either of these two appeals, were requisitioned by the Union of India under
Section 29 of the Defence of India Act, 1962 (hereafter referred to as the Defence
Act) by issuing a notification to that effect on April 8, 1963. The possession
of such lands was taken by the military authorities on May 28, 1963. The competent authority, being the
Deputy Commissioner of the district, fixed Rs.280 per acre per annum as crop compensa-
tion. Respondent No. 1 was not satisfied with the measure of compensation. He
sought a reference from the competent authority to an arbitrator. The
Arbitrator so appointed went into the matter and finally made an award on June
30, 8 1971, whereby he worked out rental compensation at the rate of Rs.6969.60
per acre per annum on the premises that the value of the land worked out to be
Rs.1,16,160 per acre and if 6 per cent interest were to be awarded thereon the
figure arrived at would be Rs.6969.60 per acre, which could well be the rental
income per annum. Obviously, the increase was sharply contrasted being Rs.280
per acre per annum as award- ed by the competent authority and almost Rs.7,000
per acre per annum as awarded by,the Arbitrator. The aggrieved Spe- cial
Military Estates Officer filed two appeals against the orders of the Arbitrator
in the High Court of Karnataka at Bangalore, taking shelter under Section 11 of the Requisi- tioning and Acquisition
of Immovable Property Act, 1952 (hereafter referred to as the Requisitioning
Act). At the time of their final disposal, a preliminary objection was raised
on behalf of the respondents that the appeals were not maintainable, which
found favour with the High Court.
The
appeals were consequently held not maintainable and accordingly dismissed. This
has led the appellant--Special Military Estates Officer, to this Court.
It is
not far history that the Defence Act was passed by the Parliament in the wake
of the Chinese aggression, in order to provide, inter alia, special measures to
ensure public safety and interest in the Defence of India and Civil Defence and
other connected matters. It had been passed when the Requisitioning Act was
already in force. Under the provisions of both the Acts, immovable property
could be requisitioned. Reference for the purpose may be had to section 3 of
the Requisitioning Act and Section 29 of the Defence Act. Under both Acts
compensation on such requisi- tion is determinable and payable and any person
interested, being aggrieved by the amount of compensation so determined, can
have an Arbitrator appointed to determine compensation.
The
award of the Arbitrator on such determination under Section 8 is appealable
under Section 11 of the Requisition- ing Act before the High Court within whose
jurisdiction the requisitioned property is situate. The award of the Arbitra- tor
made under Section 30 in pursuance of the requisition made under Section 29 of
the Defence Act is apparently final, though specifically not provided so, since
no right of appeal against the award of the Arbitrator has been conferred thereunder
on any authority. The Defence Act ceased being applicable as it perished on January 10, 1968.
Simultaneously
Section 25 in the Requisitioning Act was substituted. The substituted Section
25 reads as follows:
"25(1)
Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, any immovable property
requisitioned by the Central 9 Government or by any officer or authority to
whom powers in this behalf have been delegated by that Government, under the Defence
of India Act, 1962, and the rules made thereun- der (including any immovable
property deemed to have been requisitioned under the said Act) which has not
been re- leased from such requisition before the th January, 1968, shall, as
from that date, be deemed to have been requisi- tioned by the competent
authority under the provisions of this Act for the purpose for which such
property was held immediately before the said date and all the provisions of
this Act shall apply accordingly.
Provided
that:
(a)
all determinations, agreements and awards for the pay- ment of compensation in
respect of any such property for any period of requisition before the said date
and in force immediately before the said date, shall continue to be in force
and shall apply to the payment of compensation in respect of that property for
any period of requisition as from the said date;
(b)
anything done or any action taken (including any orders, notifications or rules
made or issued) by the Central Government or by any officer or authority to
whom powers in this behalf have been delegated by that Government, in exercise
of the powers conferred by or under Chapter VI of the Defence of India Act,
1962, shall, in so far as it is not inconsistent with the provisions of this
Act, be deemed to have been done or taken in the exercise of the powers
conferred by or under this Act as if this section was in force on the date on
which such thing was done or action was taken.
(2)
Save as otherwise provided in sub-section (1), the provisions of the Defence of
India Act, 1962, and the rules made thereunder, in so far as those provisions
relate to the requisitioning of any such immovable property as is referred to
in sub-Section (1), shall as from the th January, 1968, cease to operate except
as respect things done or omitted to be done before such cesser and Section 6
of the General Clauses Act, 1897, shall apply upon such cesser of operation as
if such cesser were ,a repeal of an enactment by a Cen- tral Act.
10 The
requisitioned property admittedly was not released before January 10, 1968, in
terms of Section 25(1) of the Requisitioning Act, afore quoted, Since the
requisition had not been released before January 10, 1968, from that day
onwards it had to be treated deemingly to have been requisi- tioned by the
competent authority under the provisions of the Requisitioning Act for the
purpose for which such property was held immediately before the said date and
all the provisions of the said Act were to apply accordingly.
The
objection to the maintainability of the appeals rested on proviso (a),
afore-quoted, on the ground that the word 'determination' in the context meant
determination only by the competent authority under the Defence Act and since
such determination held the field and was in force immediately before January
10, 1968, no challenge thereto could be made by appealing against the same, on
the premises that a provi- sion amongst all the provisions of the Requisitioning
Act provided an appellate forum challenging the same. The objec- tion was met
on the argument that the word 'determination' when considered in the context of
the proviso, meant 'final determination' and not merely determination of
compensation at the level of the competent authority. The High Court, as said
before, upheld the objection, dismissing the appeals.
It is
settled law that the right of appeal is a substan- tive right conferred on a
party by the statute. The confer- ring of right of appeal is not circumscribed
by the right being available at the time of the institution of the cause in the
court of the first instance. The right of appeal in a given situation may
already be available at the institution of the cause in the court of the first
instance or may even be subsequently conferred. In either situation, without
any distinction, such right is conferred by statute. Here, as would be seen,
Section 25(1) substantively provides that the requisition of property under the
Defence Act continuing upto January 10, 1968,
is deemingly a requisition by the competent authority under the provisions of
the Requisition- ing Act and all the provisions of the said Act shall apply
thereto accordingly. Proviso (a) however, says that all determinations,
agreements and awards for the payment of compensation in respect of any such
property for any period of requisition before the said date and in force
immediately before the said date, shall continue to be in force and shall apply
to the payment of compensation in respect of that property for any period of
requisition as from the said date. It is discernible from the scheme of things
and from the reading of Section 25 of the Requisitioning Act as a whole that
for the period of requisition before January 10, 1968, the determination for payment of
compensation 11 under the Defence Act would remain untouched and unaltered for
appeal had never been provided under that Act. The reason is not far to seek,
because the order of the compe- tent authority under the Defence Act was for
the purpose of Defence of India. That purpose having gone with effect from
January 10, 1968, the same determination for payment of compensation being
applicable to the post-date period was deemingly a requisition by the competent
authority under the Requisitioning Act and since all the provisions of the said
Act applied to such a requisition, the payment of compensa- tion as from
January 10, 1968, became appealable as an appeal is provided under this Act. In
that sense, the word 'determination', so far as it related to the period of
requisition prior to January 10, 1968, was a determination, final in character
whether it was right or wrong as having been made under the Defence Act. But
for the period thereaf- ter, the word 'determination' in the context would mean
'final determination' i.e. the determination of the compe- tent authority if
unchallenged and becoming final, and if appealed against, final determination
by the appellate forum. In this sense, the latter portion of proviso (a) cannot
be allowed to eat away the applicability of all the provisions of the
Requisitioning Act, inclusive that of appeal under Section 11 of the Act. Thus
a harmonious con- struction of the said proviso with the whole of parent
section persuades us to hold that the rate of compensation as determined by the
competent authority under the Defence Act was valid uptil the period before
January 10, 1968, but from that day onward the same rate of compensation per
annum would keep applying till upset or altered in appeal, because deemingly
from that date it is a requisition under the other Act and of a different worth
and correctable in appeal. The Arbitrator as it appears had passed both the
awards on June 30, 197 1, pertaining to the period
commencing from May 28,
1963, (the date on
which the possession of the land requisi- tioned was taken) and valid for the
period following and ensuing. Plainly the award was made covering a period not
only prior to January
10, 1968 but to a
period thereafter also. As we have interpreted Section 25, the objection as
raised before the High Court was valid for the period before January 10, 1968, but not beyond the period
commencing thereafter. The High Court's view , in sustaining the objec- tion
for the later period as well, does not commend to us.
The
Legislature by enacting Section 25 of the Requisitioning Act and on the
perishing of the Defence Act, has more than impliedly made available a right of
appeal regarding the rate of compensation for a property remaining under requisi-
tion for the post th January, 1968 period: recurring as the rate of
compensation would be. We hold it accordingly.
12 For
the view above taken, we partially allow these appeals and remit these cases
back to the High Court of Karnataka for disposal on merits in accordance with
law. We, however, make no order as to costs in the appeals before us.
N.V.K.
Appeals allowed partly.
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