Management
of M/S M.S. Nally Bharat Engg. Co. Ltd. Vs. State of Bihar & Ors [1990] INSC
32 (9 February 1990)
Shetty,
K.J. (J) Shetty, K.J. (J) Thommen, T.K. (J)
CITATION:
1990 SCR (1) 290 1990 SCC (2) 48 JT 1990 (2) 96 1990 SCALE (1)156
ACT:
Industrial
Disputes Act, 1947: Section 33-B--Transfer of proceedings-Obligation to record
reasons--Whether mandatory--Denial of opportunity to management to
represent--Order whether vitiated.
HEAD NOTE:
Sub-section
(1) of S. 33-B of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 provides that the
appropriate Government may, by order in writing and for reasons to be stated
therein, withdraw any proceedings pending before a Labour Court or Tribunal and
transfer it for disposal to another Labour Court or Tribunal.
Respondent
No. 4, a workman of the appellant-company at Dhanbad, was caught red-handed
while stealing certain goods.
The
domestic enquiry found him guilty of committing theft.
Consequently,.
he was dismissed from service. The dispute arising therefrom was referred to the
Labour Court, Dhanbad under S. 10(1)(c) of the
Act for adjudication. When the matter was pending consideration the respondent
sought transfer of the case to the Labour Court at Patna on the plea that since he was
residing at his village near Patna it would
be difficult for him to attend the proceedings at Dhanbad. That application was
made without intimation to the management. The Government, however, without
giving opportu- nity to the management transferred the case to Patna by a notification dated August 8, 1988 issued under S. 33B of the Act. The
writ petition filed by the management seeking to quash the notification was
dismissed by the High Court on the view that no prejudice was being caused to the
manage- ment and no allegation of mala fide had been made against the presiding
officer.
Allowing
the appeal by special leave, the Court.
HELD:
1.1 The power to transfer a pending case under S. 33B of the Industrial
Disputes Act is not a mere administra- tive but quasijudicial power and the
appropriate Government cannot transfer a case on the basis of allegations of
one party without giving a reasonable opportunity to the other party to
represent its point of view. Such 291 allegations may not be valid or relevant
or may not be true at all. That could be tested only if the other party has
notice of the same. [296A-C] Punjab Worsted Spinning Mills, Chheharta v. State
of punjab & Ors., [1965] II LLJ 218 and Management of Sri Rani Lakshmi
Ginning & Weaving Mills Ltd. v. State of Madras, [1975] 3 FLR 166, referred
to.
Jay
Engineering Works Ltd. v. Fourth Industrial Tribu- nal, Calcutta, [1977] (Lab) I.C. 1739; Muthe
Steels (India) Ltd. v. Labour Court, Hyderabad, [1979] (Lab) I.C. 325 and Pioneer Ltd. v. Labour Court, Gorakhpur, [1983] (Lab) I.C. 335, overruled.
1.2
What is important in the modern administration is the fairness of procedure
with elimination of element of arbitrariness, for fairness is a fundamental
principle of good administration. It is a rule to ensure that vast power in the
modern State is not abused but properly exercised.
The
State power is used for proper and not for improper purposes. The authority is
not misguided by extraneous or irrelevant consideration. Fairness is also a
principle to ensure that statutory authority arrives at a just decision either
in promoting the interest or affecting the rights of persons. The concept that
'justice should not only be done but be seen to be done' is the essence of
fairness and is equally applicable to administrative authorities. Fairness is
thus a prime test for proper and good administration. It has no set form or
procedure. It does not necessarily re- quire a-plurality of hearings or
representations and counter representations. It depends upon the facts of each
case.
[297C,
299C-E] Ridge v. Baldwin, [1964] AC 40; A.K. Kraipak & Ors. v. Union of India, [1970]
1 SCR 457; Keshav Mills Co. Ltd. v. Union of India, [1973] 3 SCR 22; Pearlberg
v. Varty, [1972] 1 WLR 534, 547; Mohinder Singh Gill v. Chief Election Com-
missioner, [1978] 1 SCC 405; Maneka Gandhi v. Union Of India, [1978] 2 SCR 621;
Swadeshi Cotton Mills v. Union of India, [1981] 1 SCC 664; Royappa v. State of
Tamil Nadu, [1974] 2 SCR 348; Union of India v. Tulsi Ram, [1985] (Supp.) 2 SCR
131; Charan Lal Sahu & Ors. v. Union
of India, JT 1989 4 SC 582; Natural Justice
by Paul Jackson, 2nd ed. p. 11 and Pannalal Binjraj & Anr. v. Union of India, [1957]
31 ITR 565, referred to.
1.3 In
the instant case, the State had withdrawn the pending reference from the Labour Court, Dhanbad and trans- ferred it to
another Labour Court at the distant District of Patna,
on the represen- 292 tation of the workman without getting it verified from the
management. The State in fairness ought to have got it verified by giving an
opportunity to the management which was a party to the pending reference. The
management was not required to establish particular prejudice for want of such
opportunity. The non-observance of natural justice was itself prejudice to the
management and proof of prejudice independently of proof of denial of natural
justice was unnecessary. Denial of the opportunity to the management was thus a
fatal flaw to the decision of the Government. [300H- 30 IA, B-D] S.L. Kapoor v.
Jagmohan, [1981] 1 SCR 746 and Altco Ltd. v. Sutherland, [1971] 2 Lloyd's Rep.
515, referred to.
2. The
expression 'may' in Sub-s. (1) of S. 33B of the Act only makes it discretionary
in so far as the appropriate Government taking a decision as to whether the
power con- ferred thereunder has to be exercised or not. But when once a
decision has been taken to transfer a pending case then the requirement of
giving reasons becomes mandatory. The authority would be under legal obligation
to record reasons in support of its decision. Failure to give reasons or giving
reasons not germane would thus be fatal to the deci- sion. [295C-D] Associated
Electrical Industries (P) Ltd. v. Its Work- men, [1961] II LLJ 122 and Ajanta
Industries v. Central Board of Taxes, [1976] 2 SCR 884, referred to.
2.2 In
the instant case, the Government has stated that the workman was having his
residence at his village near Patna and it
would be, therefore, inconvenient for him to attend the Labour Court regularly at Dhanbad. Most of the
factors, however, do not point that way. The workman and his family members
seem to be still residing in the colony quarter at Dhanbad. His two sons are
studying in a school at a nearby village. The letter dated September 8, 1988 of the Headmaster of the said
school speaks of that fact. The letter from the Assistant Electrical Engineer
in proof of the electricity supplied to the quarter occupied by the workman at Dhanbad
is also relevant. As against these mate- rials, the workman has not produced
any proof in support of his allegation that he has been residing in a village
home near-Patna. He has not denied the documents annexed to the special leave
petition and not seriously disputed the factum of his residence in the colony
quarter at Dhanbad. The Government was, therefore, misled by the representation
of the workman. [301E-H] 293
3. The
notification dated August
8, 1988 is quashed.
The Labour Court, Dhanbad shall proceed to dispose
of the matter as expeditiously as possible. [302A]
CIVIL
APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 1102 of 1990.
From
the Judgment and Order dated 7.10.1988 of the Patna High Court in C.W.J.C. No.
2075 of 1988.
A.K. Sen,
K.D. prasad, J. Krishna and Mrs. Naresh Bakshi for the Appellant.
S.K. Sinha
and U.S. Prasad for the Respondents.
The
Judgment of the Court was delivered by:
K.
JAGANNATHA SHETTY, J. Special Leave is granted.
This
appeal from an order of the Patna High Court raises an important question as to
the scope of section 33-B of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 ('The Act').
The
facts can be quite shortly stated: The appellant- company is mainly engaged in
construction of coal washeries on contract basis in different collieries and
also doing allied and incidental work. Shivaji Prasad Sinha--respondent No. 4
was a Senior Supervisor in the company's establishment at Dhanbad. It is said
that he was caught red handed when carrying 55 pieces of electromagnetic clutch
plates kept concealed in the tool box of his scooter. The management held
domestic enquiry into the incident and found him guilty of committing theft. He
was accordingly dismissed from service. The dispute arising therefrom was
referred under Section 10(1)(c) of the Act to Labour Court Dhanbad for
adjudication. The Labour
Court registered the
case as refer- ence case No. 4 of 1988 and issued notice to the parties.
The
parties entered appearance and filed their respective pleadings. When the
matter was thus pending consideration the respondent seems to have written to
the Government stating that it would be difficult for him to attend the Labour
Court Dhanbad since he has been residing at Hajipur and it would be convenient
for him if the case is trans- ferred to Labour Court Patna. That application was made without
intimation to the management. The Government howev- er, has acceded to the
request of the respondent and without opportunity to 294 the management
transferred the case to Labour
Court Patna.
The
Notification issued in that regard reads as follows:
"NOTIFICATION
Patna dated 8th August 1988 S.O. In exercise of powers conferred by sub-section (1) of
Section 33-B of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (14 of 1947) the Governor of
Bihar after careful consideration of the application of the petitioner Shri Shivajee
Prasad Sinha wherein he has prayed for the transfer of adjudication proceedings
to Patna keeping in view to the difficulties expressed by him to attend the labour
court, Dhanbad, regu- larly due to his residence at Hajipur is pleased to
withdraw the proceeding shown in Annexure 'A' pending before Labour Court, Dhanbad
and transfer the said proceeding to the Labour Court, Patna for speedy disposal
from the stage at which the case is transferred." The management moved the
High Court by way of writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution to
have the Notification quashed. The High Court did not agree and summarily dismissed
the writ petition with an observation:
"Since
no prejudice is being caused to the petitioner and no allegation of mala fide
has been made against the presiding officer, Patna, we are not inclined to
interfere with the order under challenge.
This
application is dismissed" The management in the appeal challenges the
Government notification withdrawing and transferring the pending case from the Labour
Court Dhanbad to Labour Court Patna.
Since
the impugned notification has been issued under Section 33-B of the Act, we may
for immediate reference set out that Section. Omitting immaterial words, it is
in these terms:
"33.B.
Power to transfer certain proceedings:
(1)
The appropriate Government may, by order in writing and for reasons to be
stated therein, withdraw any proceeding under this Act pending before a Labour
Court, 295 Tribunal, or National Tribunal and transfer the same to another Labour
Court, Tribunal or National Tribunal, as the case may be, for the disposal of
the proceeding and the Labour Court, Tribunal or National Tribunal to which the
proceeding is so transferred may, subject to special direc- tions in the order
of transfer, proceed either de novo or from the stage at which it was so
transferred." The Section 33-B provides power to the appropriate
Government to withdraw any proceedings pending before a labour court or
Tribunal and transfer it for disposal to another labour court or Tribunal. It
could be exercised suo motu or on representations of the parties. The
expression 'may' in sub-section (1) of Section 33-B only makes it discretionary
in so far as the appropriate Government taking a decision as to whether the
power conferred there under has to be exercised or not. But when once a
decision is taken to transfer a pending case then the requirement of giving
reasons becomes mandatory. The authority is under legal obligation to record
reasons in support of its decision.
Reasons
would be life of the decision. Failure to give reasons or giving reasons not
germane would be fatal to the decision.
In
Associated Electrical Industries (P) Ltd. v. Its Workmen, [1961] II LLJ 122,
130 the Government withdrew and transferred a reference from one tribunal to
another tribu- nal merely stating that expediency required the withdrawal and
transfer. The validity of the order of withdrawal and transfer was challenged
inter-alia on the ground that no reasons were stated for passing the order. Gajendragadkar,
J., (as he then was) speaking for this Court observed that the requirement
about the statement of reasons to be record- ed must be complied with both in
substance and in letter. To say that it is expedient to withdraw a case from
one tribu- nal and transfer it to another does not amount to giving reasons as
required by the Section.
In the
instant case, the key question for consideration is whether the Government
before accepting the representa- tion of the workman and transferring the case
from the labour court, Dhanbad to labour court, Patna should have given an
opportunity to the management? The validity of the reasons given by the
Government for transferring the case is another question to be considered.
We
will presently consider the question but before doing so a brief survey of some
of the High Courts decisions bearing on this aspect may be usefully made. The
Punjab High Court in Workman of Punjab 296 Worsted Spinning Mills Chheharta v.
State of Punjab & Ors., [1965] II LLJ 2 18 has expressed the view that the
power to transfer pending case under section 33-B is not a mere administrative
but quasi-judicial power and the appropriate Government cannot transfer a case
on the basis of allega- tions of one party without giving reasonable
opportunity to other party to represent its point of view. This was also the
view recognised by the Madras High Court in Management of Sri Rani Lakshmi
Ginning and Weaving Mills Ltd. v. State of Madras, [1975] 3 FLR 166 at 167. It
was explained by the Madras High Court that the reasons given by a party who
moved for transfer may not be valid or relevant or may not be true at all.
Whether such reasons in fact exist and whether those reasons have any relevance
for a transfer could be tested only if the other party has notice of the same.
The
High Courts of Calcutta, Andhra Pradesh and Allaha- bad have however, taken
contrary view. In Jay Engineering Works Ltd. v. Fourth Industrial Tribunal,
Calcutta, [1977] (Lab) 1C 1739 at 1750 the Calcutta High Court has observed
that it would be difficult to appreciate how under such circumstances, the
Government could be called upon to give a notice to the parties before making
an order under section 33-B. There could be no principle involved in giving
such a notice. Nobody's rights could possibly have been effected in taking such
action and there is no question of observing the principles natural justice.
The Andhra Pradesh High Court in Muthe Steels (India) Ltd. v. Labour Court,
Hyderabad, [1979] (Lab) IC 325 at 329 has adopted a similar line of reasoning.
It was
emphasized that Section 33-B in terms does not con- template any notice being
given before a transfer is made of any proceeding from one Labour Court to
another. There is no right to any party to have any question decided by a partic-
ular court. An arbitrary exercise of power of transfer is adequately
safeguarded by the statutory requirement to record reasons for such transfer.
The Allahabad High Court in Pioneer Ltd. v. Labour Court, Gorakhpur, [1983]
(Lab) IC 335,338 has also expressed similar views.
After
the leading English case of Ridge v. Baldwin,I [1964] AC 40 and an equally
important case of this Court in A.K. Kraipak & Ors. v. Union of India,
[1970] 1 SCR 457 there was a turning point in the development of doctrine of
natural justice as applicable to administrative bodies. Both the authorities
laid down that for application of rules of natural justice the classification
of functions as 'judi- cial' or 'administrative' is not necessary. Lord Reid in
Ridge case explained, 'that the duty to act judicially may arise from the very
nature of the 297 function intended to be performed and it need not be shown to
be super added'. Hegde, J., in Kraipak case said that under our Constitution
the rule of law pervades over the entire field of administration. Every organ
of the State under our Constitution is regulated and controlled by the rule of
law. The concept of rule of law would lose its vitality if the
instrumentalities of the State are not charged with the duty of discharging
their functions in a fair and just manner. The requirement of acting judicially
in essence is nothing but a requirement to act justly and fairly and not
arbitrarily or capriciously. The procedures which are considered inherent in
the exercise of a judicial power are merely those which facilitate if not
ensure a just and fair decision.
What
is thus important in the modern administration is the fairness of procedure
with elimination of element of arbitrariness. The State functionaries must act
fairly and reasonably. That is, however, not the same thing to state that they
must act judicially or quasijudicially. In Keshav Mills Co. Ltd. v. Union of
India, [1973] 3 SCR 22 Mukherjea, J., said (at 30):
"The
administrative authority concerned should act fairly, impartially and
reasonably. Where administrative officers are concerned, the duty is not so
much to act judicially as to act fairly." The procedural standards which
are implied by the duty to act fairly has been explained by Lord Pearson in
Pearl- berg v. Varty, [1972] 1 WLR 534,547:
"A
tribunal to whom judicial or quasi-judicial functions are entrusted is held to
be required to apply those principles (i.e. the rules of natural justice) in
performing those functions unless there is a provision to the contrary. But
where some person or body is entrusted by Parliament with administrative or
executive functions there is no presump- tion that compliance with the
principles of natural justice is required although, as 'Parliament is not to be
presumed to act unfairly', the courts may be able in suitable cases (perhaps
always) to imply an obligation to act with fair- ness." In Mohinder Singh
Gill v. Chief Election Commissioner, [1978] 1 SCC 405 at 434 Krishna Iyer, J.
commented that natural justice though 298 varying is the soul of the rule as
fair play in action. It extends to both the fields of judicial and administrative.
The
administrative power in a democratic set-up is not allergic to fairness in
action and discretionary executive justice cannot degenerate into unilateral
injustice. Good administration demands fair play in action and this simple
desideratum is the fount of natural justice. Fairness is flexible and it is
intended for improving the quality of government by injecting fairplay into its
wheels.
In Maneka
Gandhi v. Union of India, [1978] 2 SCR 621 Bhagwati, J., expressed similar
thought that audio alteram partem is a highly effective rule devised by the
Courts to ensure that a statutory authority arrives at a just decision and it
is calculated to act as a healthy check on the abuse or misuse of power.
In Swadeshi
Cotton Mills v. Union of India, [1981] 1 SCC 664 Sarkaria, J., speaking for
himself and Desai, J., said that irrespective of whether the power conferred on
a statu- tory body or tribunal is administrative or quasi-judicial, a duty to
act fairly, that is, in consonance with the funda- mental principles of
substantive justice is generally im- plied. The presumption is that in a
democratic polity wedded to the rule of law, the State or the Legislature does
not intend that in the exercise of their statutory powers its functionaries
should act unfairly or unjustly. In the same case, Chinnappa Reddy, J., added
(at 2 12) that the princi- ples of natural justice are now considered so
fundamental as to be 'implicit in the concept of ordered liberty'. They are,
therefore, implicit in every decision-making function, call it judicial,
quasi-judicial or administrative. The learned Judge went on to state that where
the statute is silent about the observance of the principles of natural
justice, such statutory silence is taken to imply compliance with the principles
of natural justice. The implication of natural justice being presumptive, it
should be followed by the authorities unless it is excluded by express words of
statute or by necessary implication.
Citations
could be multiplied since there is fairly abundant case law has come into
existence: See, for example, Royappa v. State of Tamil Nadu, [1974] 2 SCR 348
and Union of India v. Tulsi Ram, [1985] (Supp.) 2 SCR 13 1. More recently in a
significant judgment in Charan Lal Sahu & Ors. v. Union of India, JT 1989
(4) SC 582 learned Chief Justice Sabyasachi Mukharji has referred to almost all
the authori- ties of this Court on this aspect and emphasized that the
principles of natural justice are fundamental in the consti- tutional set up of
this country. No man or no man's right should be affected without an 299
opportunity to ventilate his views. The justice is a psycho- logical yearning,
in which men seek acceptance of their view point by having an opportunity
before the forum or the authority enjoined or obliged to take a decision
affecting their right.
It may
be noted that the terms 'fairness of procedure', 'fair play in action', 'duty
to act fairly' are perhaps used as alternatives to "natural justice"
without drawing any distinction. But Prof. Paul Jackson points out that
"Such phrases may sometimes be used to refer not to the obligation to
observe the principles of natural justice but, on the.
contrary,
to refer to a standard of behaviour which, in- creasingly, the courts require
to be followed even in cir- cumstances where the duty to observe natural
justice is inapplicable" (Natural Justice by Paul Jackson 2nd ed. p. 11).
We
share the view expressed by Professor Jackson. Fair- ness, in our opinion, is a
fundamental principle of good administration. It is a rule to ensure the vast
power in the modern state is not abused but properly exercised. The State power
is used for proper and not 'for improper purposes. The authority is not
misguided by extraneous or irrelevant consideration. Fairness is also a principle
to ensure that statutory authority arrives at a just decision either in
promoting the interest or affecting the rights of persons.
To use
the time hallowed phrase "that justice should not only be done but be seen
to be done" is the essence of fairness equally applicable to
administrative authorities.
Fairness
is thus a prime test for proper and good adminis- tration. It has no set form
or procedure. It depends upon the facts of each case. As Lord Pearson said in Pearlberg
v. Varty, (at 547), fairness does not necessarily require a plurality of
hearings or representations and counter repre- sentations. Indeed, it cannot
have too much elaboration of procedure since wheels of administration must move
quickly.
A case
with a not dissimilar problem was in Pannalal Binjraj and Anr. v. Union of
India, [1957] 31 ITR 565. There the Commissioner of Income Tax by the power
vested under section 5(7A) of Income Tax Act, 1922, transferred an asses- see's
case from one Income Tax Officer to another without hearing the assessee.
Section 5(7A) of the Income Tax Act, 1922 provided:
"The
Commissioner of Income-Tax may transfer any case from one Income-Tax Officer
subordinate to him to another, and the Central Board of Revenue may transfer
any case from any one Income-Tax Officer to another. Such 300 transfer may be
made at any stage of the proceedings, and shall not render necessary the
re-issue of any notice al- ready issued by the Income tax Officer from whom the
case is transferred." This Section did not provide for affording an opportuni-
ty to the assessee before transferring his case from one Income Tax Officer to
another. The assessee challenged the constitutional validity of the Section.
This Court upheld its validity on the ground that it is a provision for admin- istrative
convenience. N.H. Bhagwati, J., speaking for this Court, however remarked (at
589):
"
..... it would be prudent if the principles of natural justice are followed,
where circumstances permit, before any order of transfer under section 5(7A) of
the Act is made by the Commissioner of Income-Tax or the Central Board of
Revenue, as the case may be, and notice is given to the party affected and he
is afforded a reasonable opportunity of representing his views on the question
and the reasons of the order are reduced however briefly to writing ... There
is no presumption against the bona fide or the honesty of an assessee and
normally the income-tax authorities would not be justified in refusing to an assessee
a reasonable oppor- tunity of representing his views when any order to the
prejudice of the normal procedure laid down in section 64(1) and (2) of the Act
is sought to be made against- him, be it a transfer from one Income-Tax Officer
within the State to an Income-Tax Officer without it, except of course where
the very object of the transfer would be frustrated if notice was given to the
party affected." Section 5(7A) was replaced by Section 127 of the Income
Tax Act, 1961, which now makes it obligatory to record reasons in making the
order of transfer after affording a reasonable opportunity of being heard to
the assessee in the matter. In Ajantha Industries v. Central Board of Taxes,
[1976] 2 SCR 884 this Court considered the validity of a transfer order passed
under Section 127 and it was held that merely recording of reasons on the file
was not sufficient.
It was
essential to give reasons to the affected party. The order of transfer in that
case was quashed for not communi- cating reasons to the assessee.
In the
present case, the State has withdrawn the pending refe- 301 rence from the Labour
Court, Dhanbad and transferred it to another Labour Court at the distant
District of Patna, on the representation of the workman, without getting it veri-
fied from the management. The State in fairness ought to have got it verified
by giving an opportunity to the manage- ment which is a party to the pending
reference. Denial of that opportunity is a fatal flaw to the decision of the
Government.
The
management need not establish particular prejudice for want of such
opportunity. In S.L. Kapoor v. Jagrnohan, [1981] 1 SCR 746 at 765 Chinnappa
Reddy, J., after referring to the observation of Donaldson, J., in Altco Ltd.
v. Suth- erland, [1971] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 515 said that the concept that justice
must not only be done but be seen to be done is basic to our system and it is
concerned not with a case of actual injustice but with the appearance of
injustice or possible injustice. It was emphasized that the principles of
natural justice know of no exclusionary rule dependent on whether it would have
made any difference if natural justice had been observed. The non-observance of
natural justice is itself prejudice to any man and proof of prejudice independ-
ently of proof of denial of natural justice is unnecessary.
This
takes us to the reasons given by the Government in support 'of the order of
transfer. The Government has stated that the workman is having his residence at
Hajipur and it would be therefore, inconvenient for him to attend the labour
court regularly at Dhanbad. However, most of the factors do not point that way.
The workman and his family members seem to be still residing in colony quarter
at Dhanbad (Annexure C). His two sons are studying in De Nobili School at Mugma
which is a nearby village. Reference may be made to a letter dated September 8,
1988 (Annexure D) of the Headmaster of the School in which the children of the
work- man are studying. Reference may also be made to a letter (Annexure E)
from the Assistant Electrical Engineer in proof of the electricity supplied to
the quarter occupied by the workman at Dhanbad. As against these material, the
workman has not produced any proof in support of his allegation that he has
been residing in a village home near Patna. In fact, in the counteraffidavit, he
has not denied the documents annexed to the Special Leave Petition, and not
seriously disputed the factum of his residence in the colony quarter at Dhanbad.
Even the alleged recommendation of the Ward Commissioner referred in his
counter-affidavit has not been produced. We have, therefore, no hesitation in
holding that the Government was misled by the representation of the workman.
302 In
the result, we allow the appeal and quash the notifi- cation dated August 8,
1988 by which the Government of Bihar transferred the case from the Labour
Court, Dhanbad to the Labour Court, Patna. The Labour Court, Dhanbad shall now
proceed to dispose of the matter as expeditiously as possi- ble.
In the
'circumstances of the case, we make no order as to costs.
P.S. S
Appeal allowed.
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