Prof.
C.D Tase Vs. University of Bombay & Ors [1989] INSC 61 (16 February 1989)
Shetty,
K.J. (J) Shetty, K.J. (J) Ahmadi, A.M. (J) Kuldip Singh (J)
CITATION:
1989 AIR 829 1989 SCR (1) 736 1989 SCC Supl. (1) 273 JT 1989 (1) 364 1989 SCALE
(1)432
ACT:
Labour
and Services: Lecturers--Pay scales--Implementation of Third Pay Commission's
recommendations--Entitlement to placement in the pay scale on the basis of
recommendations of the earlier report that was accepted by Government--Valid
and protected--Fixation in the revised scale giving effect to the Third Pay
Commission's recommendations to take into account such placement before
fixation-Benefit of such placement cannot be denied.
HEAD NOTE:
The
appellant joined as a Lecturer in 1971, in a College affiliated to Pune University in
the scale of Rs.300-600 prescribed by the University Grants Commission.
Earlier, in 1967 the State Government accepted in principle the Govern- ment of
India Scheme based on recommendations of the Univer- sity Grants Commission for
improvement of pay-scales of all university and college teachers, and issued
directions to all universities in the State. The Universities in turn directed
all the affiliated colleges accordingly. The new scales were Rs.300-25-600
(Lecturers, Junior Scale), Rs.400-30-640-40-800 (Lecturers, Senior Scale) and
Rs.700-40-1100 (Senior Lecturers) and were to take effect from 1.4.1966. The
number of Senior Lecturers and Lecturers (Sr. Scale) was not to exceed 1/4 of
the total strength of Lecturers.
Again,
in 1978, it was decided to implement the next report, viz, the Third Pay
Commissioner's report which prescribed a running scale of Rs.700-1600 with
effect from 1.1.1973. All the Universities in the State were directed to
implement the same. A question was raised as to whether placement of teachers
already made after 1.1.1973 in the pre 1973 scales would be valid on the
implementation of the revised scale with effect from 1.1.1973. The Government
clarified that such a placement would be valid and protect- ed, subject to the
prescribed conditions. However, the Pune
University directed the College Managements to
ignore the pay-scales prescribed by the earlier Pay Commission in case of
teachers who became entitled to the higher scale after 1.1.73. Against this,
the appellant and two others ap- proached the High Court by way of a Writ
Petition. However, the High Court felt that there was 737 nothing very
inequitable about the decision taken by the University authorities and declined
to interfere.
This
appeal, by special leave, is against the said judgment of the High Court.
Before
the Court, the appellant argued that the High Court failed to appreciate the
fact that the decision of the University authorities was highly prejudicial to
the appel- lant and others who were similarly situated, as it resulted in
substantial monetary loss.
Allowing
the appeal,
HELD:
1. The decision of the university not only appears to be 'inequitable' but also
discriminatory inasmuch as it sought to treat equals as unequals by protecting those
who had secured the placement and denying the same to others whose names the
college managements had failed to forward in good time. The appellant was
entitled to placement in the higher scale of Rs.700-1100 before being brought
over to the revised scale of Rs.700-1600. [742B]
2. The
Lecturers whose names were recommended for place- ment in the higher scale
before October 4, 1975 were enti- tled to such placement
before being brought over to the revised scale of Rs.700-1600. The appellant
was entitled to placement in the higher scale of Rs.700-1600 w.e.f. June 15, 1975. The college authorities failed,
for no fault of the appellant and his companions, to forward their names to the
University in the prescribed proforma for reasons best known to them. To deny
the benefit to which the appellant and his companions were entitled on account
of the lapse on the part of the college authorities would be highly unfair and
un- just. The High Court, however took the view that there was 'nothing very
inequitable' about the decision of the Univer- sity to deny such placement to
the appellant and his compan- ions, but it is obvious that if they had been
granted place- ment on the due dates they would have been entitled to higher
salary and allowances related to basic salary e.g. dearness allowance which is
a certain percentage of basic salary, would have gone up. [741F-H; 742A]
3. The
respondents are directed to grant the benefit of placement in the higher scale
of Rs.700-1100 to the appel- lant from the date he became entitled to the same
i.e. June 15, 1975 and thereafter fix his pay revised
scale of Rs.700-1600. The appellant will be entitled to the monetary benefit
accruing to him on the implementation of the above 738 directive which should
be worked out and paid to him within three months. [742C-D] [The Court
expressed the hope that the authorities will extend the same benefit also to
the two companions of the appellant notwithstanding their failure to approach
this Court, perhaps on account of cost constraint, and not drive them to
another round of litigation.] [742F]
CIVIL
APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 785 of 1988.
From
the Judgment and Order dated 6.3. 1987 of the Bombay High Court in Writ Petition No. 1166 of 1981.
Appellant
in person.
Dr.
Y.S. Chitale and V.B. Joshi for the Respondents.
The
Judgment of the Court was delivered by AHMADI, J. This is an appeal by Special
Leave under Article 136 of the Constitution of India from the Judgment of
Bombay High Court dated 6th
March, 1987 in Writ
Petition No. 1166 of 1981.
The
appellant, C.D. Tase, joined the college run by Vidhya Prasarak Mandal, Thane,
on June 15, 1971 as a lectur- er in the pay scale of
Rs.300-25-600 prescribed by the Uni- versity Grants Commission pursuant to the
recommendations made by the Second Pay Commission. By Government Resolution No.
USG 1167-U dated November
6, 1967, the
Government of Maharashtra had accepted in principle the Government of India
scheme based on the recommendations of the University Grants Commission for
improvement of salary scales of uni- versity teachers and teachers in
affiliated Arts, Science, Commerce and Secondary Training Colleges. Accordingly, the Government of Maharashtra directed all
the Universities in the State to implement the pay-scales recommended by the
Commission. The scales recommended were to take effect from April 1, 1966. Three scales were recommended for
lecturers, namely, Rs.300-25-600 (Lecturers, Junior Scale), Rs.400-30-
640-40-800 (Lecturers, Senior Scale) and Rs.700-40-1100 (Senior Lecturers). The
Universities in turn directed col- leges affiliated to them to implement the
recommendations accepted by the State of Maharashtra. The appellant's col- lege was at the material time
affiliated to the University of Pune. The Additional Director of Education, Maharashtra State by his letter No. S-95/127-A 739 dated January 18, 1968 addressed to the Principals of non-
Government Arts, Science, Commerce and S.T.
Colleges in the State directed the colleges
to implement the recommendations made by the Second Pay Commission as approved
by the State of Maharashtra. The University in turn by its
letter No. PU/Stat/F.3/A/67-68/236 dated February 7, 1968 directed the Principals of all
colleges to implement the new pay scales with effect from April 1, 1966. Thus, in the category of lecturers
(excluding Principals) three scales as stated above were prescribed subject to
the condition that the number of senior lecturers and lecturers, senior scale,
was not to exceed 1/4th of the total strength of lecturers. It was left to the
Universities to formulate norms which the lecturers must satisfy for being
considered for the posts of senior lecturers and/or lecturers, senior scale, as
the case may be. The High Court while disposing of the writ petition filed by
the appellant and his two companions, Writ Petition No. 1166 of 1981, observed:
"There
does not appear to be much dispute that if the report of the Second Pay
Commission of University Grants Commission was implemented in letter and
spirit, the petitioners would have respectively qualified for the category of
Senior Lecturers in the pay-scale of Rs.700-40-1100 on 2nd March, 1974, 15th
June, 1974 and 15th June, 1975 respectively." It is evident from the above
observation of the High Court that the appellant was entitled to placement in
the senior scale of Rs.700-401100 with effect from June 15, 1975.
In the
meantime, sometime in 1978, a decision was taken to implement the Third Pay
Commission Report prescribing a running scale of Rs.700-1600 for teachers with
effect from January 1,
1973. All the
Universities in the State were directed to implement the new scale of
Rs.700-1600 pre- scribed for senior lecturers. This raised the question whether
placement of teachers already made after January 1, 1973 in the higher pre-1973 scales would
be valid on the implementation of the revised scale w.e.f. January 1, 1973.
By
Government Resolution No. USG 1178/24585/XXXII (Cell) dated June 27, 1978, it was clarified that placement of
teachers made in one of the higher pre-1973 scales of 400- 800 and Rs.700-1100
on or after January 1,
1973 would be
considered valid and protected subject to the prescribed conditions. The High
Court points out that if the above clarification is accepted as correct the
appellant would be entitled to placement in the high scale of Rs.700-1100.
However,
relying on the University of Pune's subse- 740 quent letter of March 10, 1978
whereby the college manage- ments were directed to ignore the pay-scales
prescribed pursuant to the recommendations of the Second Pay Commission in the
case of teachers who became entitled to the higher scale after January 1, 1973,
it was submitted before the High Court that since the new pay-scale of
Rs.7001600 was made operative from January 1, 1973, lecturers who were not given
the benefit of the revised scale of Rs.700-40-1100 could be fixed in the new
scale of Rs.700-1600 with effect from January 1, 1973 as per the Circular No.
Aff/Recg/193 of 1977 dated May 19, 1977.
This submission made on behalf of the University authorities found favour with
the learned Judges of the High Court as they thought that there was 'nothing
very inequitable' about the decision taken by the university authorities.
The
appellant who argued the case in person submitted that the High Court failed to
appreciate the fact that the decision of the university authorities was highly prejudi-
cial to the appellant and others similarly situated, as it resulted in
substantial monetary loss. It must be realised that the. decision to implement
the recommendation of the Third Pay Commission w.e.f. January 1, 1973 was taken some- time in 1978. In
the meantime, several lecturers of affili- ated colleges were placed in the
higher scale of Rs.700- 1100. That is why, it became necessary to seek a clarifica-
tion from the Government whether the placement allowed to such lecturers in the
higher scale would be treated as valid having regard to the implementation of
the new scale of Rs.700-1600 w.e.f. January 1, 1973. As pointed out earlier,
the Government by their Resolution of June 27, 1978 clari- fied that such placement in
the higher scale of Rs.700-1100 was valid subject to the fulfilment of the
prescribed condi- tions. The placement of such lecturers in the higher scale of
Rs.700-1100 was therefore directed to be protected while bringing them on the
revised scale of Rs.700-1600. It fol- lows that if the appellant had been
placed in the higher scale of Rs.700-1100 when he became entitled to it on June
15, 1975 his pay would have been protected as per the clari- fication while
being placed in the revised scale of Rs.700- 1600. The appellant is, therefore,
justified in making a grievance that merely because the college/ university au-
thorities did not place him in the higher scale of Rs.7001100 w.e.f. June 15,
1975 he cannot be made to suffer on the ground that he will get the benefit of
two reports simultaneously if he is first placed on the scale of Rs.700-1100
and, thereafter brought on the scale of Rs.700- 1600. It is evident from the
letter No. BY/Genl/1981-82 dated January 28, 1982 addressed to all the
Principals of Arts, Science and Commerce Colleges by the Administrative Officer
of Higher Edu- 741 cation Grants, Bombay Region, Bombay that the college au- thorities
were directed to furnish information in the pre- scribed form in respect of
teachers who were entitled to the benefit of the pre-revised scales of
Rs.700-1100 and Rs.400-800. The Principal of the college forwarded the
information to the Administrative Officer under his letter ACC/ TNE/2080 dated
March 13/15, 1982 in the prescribed proforma which includes the name of the
appellant as one of the persons entitled to the same benefit. We may
incidental- ly mention that his two companions in the High Court Dr. M.P. Kendurkar
and Professor N. Krishnan were also included in the list of eligible lecturers
entitled to the higher scale of Rs.700-1100. The subsequent Resolution No. USG-
1178/ 160692(19) UNI/4 dated April 7, 1983
issued by the State of Maharashtra also stipulates as under:
"The
question of placement of these teachers was, therefore, under consideration of
Govern- ment for sometime past. Government is now pleased to direct that the
placement of only those teachers whose names were recommended for placement in
the senior lecturers scale of I.S.S. viz.--Rs. 1100 and 400-800 to the
universities by the respective colleges man- agements prior to 4th October,
1975 i.e. the date of issue of Government Resolution assign- ing revised
University Grants Commission recommended scales but their placement was not
effected due to some reason or the other, should be made with effect from the
dates the placement is approved by the concerned Univer- sities." It is
evident from the above decision that lecturers whose name were recommended for
placement in the higher scale before October 4, 1975 were entitled to such
placement before being brought over to the revised scale of Rs. 700- 1600. The
appellant was entitled to placement in the higher scale of Rs.700-1600 w.e.f. June 15, 1975. The college authorities failed,
for no fault of the appellant and his companions, to forward their names to the
University in the prescribed proforma for reasons best known to them. To deny
the benefit to which the appellant and his companions were entitled on account
of the lapse on the part of the college authorities would be highly unfair and
unjust. The High Court, however took the view that there was 'nothing very
inequitable' about the decision of the University to deny such placement to the
appellant and his companions, but it is obvious that if they had been granted
placement on the due dates they would have been entitled to higher salary and
allowances related to basic salary e.g. dearness allowance which is a certain
percentage of basic 742 salary, would have gone up. In addition they would have
earned increments by the time they became entitled to the revised scale of
Rs.7001600. It is, therefore, obvious that the decision of the university not
only appears to be 'ine- quitable but also discriminatory inasmuch as it sought
to treat equals as unequals by protecting those who had secured the placement
and denying the same to others whose names the college managements had failed
to forward in good time. We are, therefore, of the opinion that the appellant
was enti- tled to placement in the higher scale of Rs.700-1100 before being
brought over to the revised scale of Rs.700-1600.
For
the above reasons, we allow the appeal and set aside the impugned order of the
High Court dated March
6, 1987. We direct the
respondents to grant the benefit of placement in the higher scale of
Rs.700-1100 to the appellant from the date he became entitled to the same i.e. June 15, 1975 and thereafter fix his pay in the
revised scale of Rs.700-1600.
The
appellant will be entitled to the monetary benefit accruing to him on the
implementation of the above directive which should be worked out and paid to
him within three months from today. The appellant will also be entitled to cost
from the University of Bombay which we quantify at Rs.2500.
Before
we part, we may mention that the two companions of the appellant who were writ
petitioners in the High Court have not approached this Court under Article 136
of the Constitution but we find that they were similarly situated and were
entitled to placement in the higher scale of Rs.700-1600 w.e.L March 2, 1974
and June 15, 1975. We hope that the authorities will extend the same benefit to
them also notwithstanding their failure to approach this Court, perhaps on
account of cost constraint. It would be highly unfair to deny to them the
monetary benefits to which they are legally entitled. We do hope that the
concerned authori- ties will not drive them to another round of litigation.
G.N.
Appeal allowed.
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