Desoola
Rama Rao & Anr Vs. State of Andhra Pradesh & Ors [1988] INSC 55 (24 February 1988)
Misra
Rangnath Misra Rangnath Oza, G.L. (J)
CITATION:
1988 AIR 857 1988 SCR (3) 24 1988 SCC Supl. 221 JT 1988 (1) 412 1988 SCALE
(1)384
CITATOR
INFO : D 1988 SC 860 (3)
ACT:
Andhra
Pradesh (Roads and Buildings) Engineering Service Special Rules, 1967:
s.5/Andhra Pradesh State & Subordinate Service Rules, 1962: ss. 23(a) &
33(a)-Inter se seniority in the cadre of Assistant Engineers between promotees
and direct recruits-In the absence of specific Rule length of service to be the
basis.
HEAD NOTE:
% Rule
5 of the Andhra Pradesh (Roads and Buildings) Engineering Service Special
Rules, 1967 lays down that for promotion to the post of Executive Engineer, a
Graduate Assistant Engineer should be (a) a full member or approved
probationer, (b) a direct recruit should put in six years service as Assistant
Engineer and (c) a promotee Assistant Engineer should put in five years
service. There is no provision for giving preference to one category over the
other for promotion. Rule 23(a) of the Andhra Pradesh State and Subordinate Service Rules, 1962 empowers the appointing
authority to commence the probation of a person appointed to the service with
retrospective effect. Rule 33(a) of these rules mandates the determination of
the seniority of a person in a service by the date of first appointment.
The
appellants were directly recruited as Assistant Engineers in April 1966.
Respondents 3 and 4 were temporarily appointed Assistant Engineers by transfer
on 14th August, 1959 and 19th May, 1960 respectively. Their services were regularised with effect
from 19th May, 1961 by an order dated 3rd May,1967 in exercise of the powers under s.
23(a) of the General Rules. The appellants sought promotion to the post of
Executive Engineer on the basis that they were senior to the promotee Assistant
Engineers- respondents. Their case was that the Chief Engineer was hot
competent to make the order under s.23(a) of the General Rules. The State Government
vide their order dated August 10, 1983 decided that the seniority of the direct
recruits and promotees has to be determined with reference to their regular
appointment of the category of Assistant Engineers and not from the date of
confirmation in the said category and declared that the seniority of the
appellants was far below the respondents and they would be considered for
promotion in their turn along with others.
25 A
writ petition filed by the appellants in the High Court challenging the said
order was dismissed by a Single Judge, and that dismissal was upheld in appeal.
Dismissing
the appeal by special leave, ^
HELD:
The law relating to inter-se seniority in a cadre is well settled. If there be
a rule indicating the manner in which such seniority has to be fixed, that is
binding. In the absence of such a rule, length of service is the basis for
fixing Inter-se seniority.
In the
instant case, there is no provision in the Rules under consideration that
direct recruits would have preference over promotees for purposes of inter-se
seniority. In the absence of such a rule the guidelines indicated in the
General Rules, which provide that seniority shall be determined by the date of
first appointment to the service, have to be followed. Respondents 3 and 4 have
put in longer service than the appellants in the post of Assistant Engineer.
Their services had been regularised with effect from May 19, 1961 in exercise of the powers under
Rule 23(a) of the General Rules, which date is not anterior to their
appointment as Assistant Engineer. The regularisation is thus not vitiated on
account of arbitrariness. The appellants would, therefore, rank below
respondents 3 and 4 in the cadre and the promotional benefit would be given to
them after the claim of the respondents 3 and 4 has been duly considered.
CIVIL
APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 1995 of 1977.
From
the Judgment and order dated 16.9.1975 of the Andhra Pradesh High Court in Writ
Petition No. 584 of 1975 .
G.L. Sanghi,
Subodh Markandeya and Mrs. Chitra Markandeya for the Appellants.
K.G. Bhagat,
Y. Prabhakar Rao, T.V.S.N. Chari and Ms. Vrinda Grover for the Respondents.
The
Judgment of the Court was delivered by RANGANATH MISRA, J. This appeal is by
special leave and is directed against the appellate judgment of a division
bench of the Andhra Pradesh High Court upholding the rejection of the writ
petition 26 by a Single Judge of that High Court. Appellants are Engineers in
the establishment of the Chief Engineer (Roads and Buildings of the Andhra
Pradesh Government and the dispute is one of inter se seniority between them on
the one side and respondents 3 and 4 on the other.
Appellants
filed a writ petition being No. 4151 of 1972 in the High Court of Andhra
Pradesh claiming a direction to the State Government for considering them for
promotion to the post of Executive Engineer on the basis that they were senior
to five promotee Assistant Engineers. A learned Single Judge disposed of the
said writ petition by judgment dated 29th March, 1973, and gave the following directions:
"The
respondents 1 and 2 (State of Andhra Pradesh and its Chief Engineer
respectively) will, therefore, consider the claims of the petitioners for
promotion as Executive Engineers having regard to their seniority in the cadre
of Assistant Engineers in relation to the seniority of respondents 3 to 7. I,
therefore, direct respondents 1 and 2 to take the seniority of the petitioners,
who were full members of service, in relation to the seniority of respondents 3
to 7 in the cadre of Assistant Engineers and consider the case of the
petitioners for promotion to the posts of Executive Engineers in accordance
with the rules." The State Government, in compliance with the directions
issued to it, by order dated 10th August, 1983,
made an order stating:
"As
per Rule 5 of the said Special Rules, for promotion to the post of Executive
Engineers (ordinary Grade) a Graduate Assistant Engineer should be:
(a) a
full member or approved probationer;
(b) a
direct recruit should put in six years service as Assistant Engineer; and
(c) a promotee
Assistant Engineer should put in five years service.
No
preference is provided for persons, who were either direct recruit Assistant
Engineers or who secured earlier confirmation. In the absence of specific
provision in the 27 Special Rules for giving any preference to direct recruit
Assistant Engineers in the matter of promotion to the category of Executive
Engineers, only the provisions of General Rules for State and Subordinate
Services have to be applied therefor.
According
to Rule 33(a) of General Rules for Andhra Pradesh State and Subordinate Services, the seniority of a person in a
service, class, category or grade, shall, unless he has been reduced to a lower
rank as a punishment, be determined by the date of first appointment to such
service, class, category or grade. So, the seniority of the Writ Petitioners
and the respondents has to be considered with reference to their dates of
regular appointment to the category of Assistant Engineers (R & B) but not
from the date of confirmation in the said category, for purpose of promotion as
Executive Engineers. The dates of commencement of probation of the respondents
and Writ Petitioners is as indicated below:
Sl.
Name of the Asstt. Date of Comm- No. Engineer encement of probation
___________________________________________________________ Respondents
1. Sh.
B.V. Venkataramana 19.5.1961
2. Sh.
C.M. Ramachandramurthy 19.5.1961 Writ Petitioners
1. Sh.
Desoola Rama Rao 18.7.1966
2.Sh.V.MurahariReddy30.6.1966____________________________________________________
(Names of the three others stated in the order are not extracted as are not
relevant).
Thus
the respondents commenced their probation between 1959 to 1963 while the writ
petitioners commenced their probation in 1966 and their seniority is far below
the respondents.
The
Government, after careful examination of the judgment of the High Court, with
reference to the statutory rules and in relation to the seniority obtaining
between the respondents and the writ petitioners, decide that the 28 turn of
the two writ petitioners for promotion has not yet come and that their claims
shall be considered for promotion as Executive Engineers (ordinary Grade) in
their turn, along with others according to their seniority as per rules and
eligibility." The appellants thereafter filed a second writ petition being
Writ Petition No. 6157 of 1973 before the High Court challenging the Government
order. As already stated, the learned Single Judge has dismissed the writ
petition and such dismissal has been upheld in appeal.
Appellants
were directly recruited as Assistant Engineers on 29th April, 1966 and Special Rules for Roads and Buildings Division of the public
Works Department were made on 27th June, 1967,
but were given effect from 1st April, 1965.
According to the Rules, appointment to the posts of Assistant Engineers can
either be by direct recruitment or by recruitment by transfer of Junior
Engineers and Supervisors or Draftsmen (Special Grade) or Draftsmen (Grade I)
Under the Rules, appellants became eligible for promotion to the post of
Executive Engineer in 1971 and when their claim for promotion was overlooked
the first writ petition, as already stated, was filed. According to the
appellants, respondents 3 and 4 were appointed by transfer under Rule 10-A of
the Rules and were approved probationers. They contend that the promotees are
approved probationers and until confirmation as full members of the service,
they would not be entitled to the benefit of seniority in service and,
therefore, the appellants were senior to them. They, therefore, challenged the
Government order referred to above and contended that the High Court went wrong
in not holding that appellants were senior to the two respondents and on that
basis they were entitled to consideration for promotion to the post of
Executive Engineer in preference to those respondents.
There
is no dispute that both directly recruited Assistant Engineers as also promotee
Assistant Engineers are entitled to promotion as Executive Engineers. The rule
requires direct recruits to have put in six years of service while for promotees
the prescription is five years of service for being eligible to be considered
for promotion.
As in
many other service rules, there is no provision in the Rules under
consideration that direct recruits would have preference over promotees for
purposes of inter se seniority. In the absence of such a rule the High Court
followed the guideline indicated in the General Rules which provides that
seniority shall be determined by the date of first appointment to the service.
The High Court found that respondents 3 29 and 4 came to serve as Assistant
Engineers long before the appellants were recruited as Assistant Engineers. In
fact in paragraph 6 of his judgment, the learned Single Judge in the second
writ petition has indicated that respondents 3 and 4 were temporarily appointed
as Assistant Engineers on 14th August, 1959
and 19th May, 1960 respectively. In exercise of power
under Rule 23(a) of the General Rules, the services of the two respondents had
been regularised retrospectively with effect from 19th May, 1961 and the order of regularisation had been passed by the
Chief Engineer on 3rd
May, 1967. In the
instant case the date from which regularisation has been directed to take
effect is not anterior to their appointment as Assistant Engineers. That being
the position, regularisation is not vitiated on account of arbitrariness. The
only other aspect argued on this score was that the Chief Engineer was not
competent to make the order. Rule 23(a) of the Andhra Pradesh State and Subordinate Services Rules provides:
"If
a person, having been appointed temporarily under sub-rule (a) or sub-rule(c)
of rule 10 to post borne on the cadre of any service, class or category or
having been appointed to any service, class or category otherwise than in
accordance with the rules governing appointment thereto is subsequently
appointed to any service, class or category in accordance with the rules, he
shall commence his probation from the date of such subsequent appointment or
from such earlier date as the appointing authority may determine."
(Underlining is ours) The vires of this rule had not been challenged but the
only contention in this regard was that the appointing authority being the
State Government, the Chief Engineer should not have made the order fixing the
date of commencement of probation. It is the case of the respondents that the
State Government has delegated that power to the Chief Engineer and the order
of delegation of that power is on record.
The
law relating to inter se seniority in a cadre is well-settled. If there be a
rule indicating the manner in which such seniority has to be fixed, that is
binding. In the absence of such a rule, length of service is the basis for
fixing inter se seniority. The High Court has found, and there is no longer any
dispute, that respondents 3 and 4 have put in longer service than the
appellants in the post of Assistant Engineer. In that view of the matter, the State
Government was right, and the High 30 Court appropriately approved it, that the
appellants would rank below the respondents 3 and 4 in the cadre and the
promotional benefit would be given to them after the claim of the respondents 3
and 4 has been duly considered.
We see
no merit in the appeal. It is accordingly dismissed. There would be no order
for costs.
P.S.S.
Appeal dismissed.
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