Smt. Savithramma
Vs. Cecil Naronha & Anr [1988] INSC 237 (23 August 1988)
Singh,
K.N. (J) Singh, K.N. (J) Venkataramiah, E.S. (J)
CITATION:
1988 AIR 1987 1988 SCR Supl. (2) 561 1988 SCC Supl. 655 JT 1988 (3) 432 1988
SCALE (2)406
ACT:
Supreme
Court Rules, 1966: Order XI, Rules 5 and 13- Affidavit Mode of placing
evidence-Defective affidavit has no probative value-Strict compliance with
rules-Proper verification- Especially where allegations of mala fides or
disobedience of Court's order made- Necessity for.
HEAD NOTE:
The
complainant filed in this Court a petition for contempt against the accused for
their failure to comply with the orders of this Court. In paragraph 2 of the
affidavit in support of the petition, the complainant stated that the statements
contained in the petition were true to the best of her knowledge, belief and
information.
In
paragraph 3 she further stated that the affidavit had been read over,
translated and explained to her and she understood the contents thereof; and
that the same were true to her knowledge and belief.
Similarly,
in the affidavit on behalf of the accused, which has been filed by a clerk of
the Advocate, the deponent verified the affidavit by stating that the
statements of the accused were true and correct which were based on the records
maintained in the Advocate's office and on instructions received from the
clients.
Rejecting
the affidavits? as not being in accordance with the Supreme Court Rules or
Order 19? Rule of the Code of Civil Procedure. this Court,
HELD:
1.1 Affidavit is a mode of placing evidence before the Court. A party may prove
a fact or facts by means of affidavit before this Court but such affidavit
should be ia accordance with Order XI Rules 5 and 13 of the Supreme Court
Rules. [564A]
1.2
The party stating facts must disclose as to what facts are true to his personal
knowledge, information or belief. If the statement of fact is based on
information the source of information must be disclosed in the affidavit. An
affidavit which does not comply with the provisions of Order PG NO 561 PG NO
562 XI of the Supreme Court Rules, has no probative value and it is liable to
be rejected. [564D]
1.3 In
a matter where allegations of mala fides or disobedience of the Court's order
are made against a person or party, it is an the more necessary that the person
Filing affidavit in this regard must take care to verify the facts stated in
the affidavit strictly in accordance with the Rules 5 and 13. [564E]
1.4 Of
late affidavits are being Filed in this Court in a slipshod manner without
having any regard to the Rules.
Affidavits
are being filed by persons who could have no personal knowledge about the facts
stated in the affidavit.
Deponents
of Affidavits pay no attention to verification.
[564F]
State-of Bombay v. Purushottam Jog Naik, [1952] SCR
674, referred to
1.5
The practice of clerks of advocates filing affidavits without a proper
verification is deprecated. As matters before the apex court are determined on
the basis of the statements contained in affidavits it is the duty of the
litigants and the lawyers to file affidavits in accordance with the rules to
assist the Court in administering justice.
[565E-F]
In the instant case, the affidavit filed by the complainant is clearly vague,
general and defective, and does not indicate as to what facts were true to her
knowledge, information and belief. It does not comply with the requirement of a
valid affidavit as laid down in the Rules 5 and 13 of the Supreme Court Rules.
Similarly, the affidavit in reply filed on behalf of the accused by office
clerk of the Advocate is wholly improper and inadmissible in evidence and
liable to be rejected. [563E-F, 565D] Since both the affidavits do not comply
with the Rules, no reliance can be placed on them. They are accordingly
rejected. Consequently, the contempt petition is also liable to be rejected,
but parties are given a chance to file proper affidavits. [565G]
ORIGINAL
CIVIL JURISDICTION: Contempt Petition No. 31997 of 1987.
IN
Civil Appeal No. 2277 of 1986.
PG NO
563 From the Judgment and Order dated 30.3. 1983 of the Karnataka High Court in
Writ Petition No. 2585 of 1975.
Padmanabha
Mahale for the Complainant.
M. Veerappa
for the Accused.
The
Order of the Court was delivered by SINGH, J. The complainant has by means of
this petition claimed relief for taking action for contempt against the accused
for their failure to comply with the orders of this Court dated 14.7. 1986 made
in Civil Appeal No. 2277 of 1986 and to punish the accused who include the
Secretary and Commissioner, Government of Karnataka, Revenue Department and Tehsildar,
Land Reforms, Koppa, Chick' magalur District, Karnataka.
During
the hearing we noticed that the affidavit filed by the complainant as well as
the affidavit filed in reply to the contest petition both were not in
accordance with the provisions of the Supreme Court Rules or Order 19 Rule 3 of
Code of Civil Procedure. Smt. Savithramma; the complainant, has filed affidavit
in support of the contempt petition. In paragraph 2 of her affidavit she stated
that the statements contained in the contempt petition were true to the best of
her knowledge, belief and information. In paragraph 3 she has further stated
that the affidavit had been read over, translated and explained to her and she
understood the contents thereof and has further stated that the same were true
to her knowledge. The affidavit is clearly vague and general and it does not
comply with the requirement of a valid affidavit as laid down in Order XI Rules
5 and 13 of the Supreme Court Rules. The affidavit is defective as it does not
indicate as to what facts were true to her personal knowledge, information and
belief. Order XI Rule 2 of the Supreme Court Rules lays down that evidence in
support of an application may be given by affidavit in the Supreme Court:
Rule
provides that affidavit shall be confined to such facts as the deponent is able
of his own knowledge to prove, except on interlocutory applications, on which
statements of his belief may be admitted, provided that the grounds thereof are
stated. Rule 13 provides that in the verification of petitions, pleadings or
other proceedings, statements based on personal knowledge shall be
distinguished from statements based on information and belief. In the case of
statements based on information the deponent shall disclose the source of his
information.
Similar
provisions are contained in Order 19 Rule 3 of the PG NO 564 Code of Civil
Procedure. Affidavit is a mode of placing evidence before the Court. A party
may prove a fact or facts by means of affidavit before this Court but such
affidavit should be in accordance with Order XI Rules 5 and 13 of the Supreme
Court Rules. The purpose underlying Rules 5 and 13 of Order XI of the Supreme
Court Rules is to enable the Court to find out as to whether it would be safe
to act on such evidence and to enable the court to know as to what facts are
based in the affidavit on the basis of personal knowledge, information and
belief as this is relevant for the purpose of appreciating the evidence placed
before the Court, in the form of affidavit. The importance of verification has
to be judged by the purpose for which it is required. It is only on the basis
or verification, it is possible to decide the genuineness and authenticity of
the allegations and the deponent can be held responsible for the allegations
made in the affidavit. In this Court evidence in support of the statements
contained in writ petition, special leave petitions, applications and other
miscellaneous matters, is accepted in the form of affidavit filed by the
parties concerned. It is therefore necessary that the party stating facts must
disclose as to what facts are true to his personal knowledge, information or
belief.
If the
statement of fact is based on information the source of information must be
disclosed in the affidavit. An affidavit which does not comply with the
provisions of Order XT of the Supreme Court Rules, has no probative value and
it is liable to be rejected. In a matter where allegations of mala fides or
disobedience of the Court's order are made against a person or party it is all
the more necessary that the person filing affidavit in this regard must take
care to verify the facts stated in the affidavit strictly in accordance with
the Rules 5 and 13 of Order XI of the Supreme Court Rules.
We are
constrained to observe that of late affidavit are being filed in this Court in
a slipshod manner without having any regard to the Rules. Affidavits are being
filed by person who could have no personal knowledge about the facts stated in
the affidavit. Deponents of affidavits pay no attention to verification,
although this court laid stress on this aspect as early as 1952. In State of
Bombay v. Purushottam Jog: Naik, [l952] SCK 674, a Constitution Bench
considering the importance of verification of an affidavit observed:
"We
wish, however, to observe that the verification of the affidavits produced here
is defective. The body of the affidavit discloses that certain matters were
known to the Secretary who made the affidavit personally.The verification
however states that everything was true to the best of his PG NO 565
information and belief. We point this out as slipshod verification of this type
might in a given case lead to a rejection of the affidavit. Verification should
invariably be modelled on the lines of Order XIX, Rule 3, of the Civil
Procedure Code, whether the Code applies in terms or not.
And
when the matter deposed to is not based on personal knowledge the sources of
information should be clearly disclosed." In the instant case verification
of the complainant's affidavit is defective and it would not be safe to proceed
on the allegations mentioned in the contempt petition.
The
matter does not rest here. The affidavit filed on behalf of the accused in
reply to the contempt petition is shocking. The Office clerk of the advocate
for the accused has filed affidavit on behalf of the accused in reply to the
contempt petition. The deponent of the counter affidavit has verified the
affidavit saying that the statement of the case of the accused are true and
correct which are based on the records maintained in the office of the advocate
and based on the instructions received from the clients. Such an affidavit is
wholly improper and inadmissible in evidence and liable to be rejected. What
reliance can be placed on an affidavit filed by a person sitting at Delhi and that too a clerk of an advocate
practicing at Delhi giving reply to the allegations and
facts and circumstances existing at Karnataka on the basis of records
maintained in advocate's office at Delhi. The practice of clerks of advocates filing affidavits without a proper
verification should be deprecated. As matters before the apex court are
determined on the basis of the statements contained in affidavits it is the
duty of the litigants and the layers to file affidavits in accordance with the
rules to assist the Court in administering justice.
Since
the affidavit filed in Support of the contempt petition as well as the
affidavit in reply to the petition do nut comply with Rules. no reliance can be
placed on them and both are liable to be rejected. We accordingly reject the
same and the contempt petition is liable to be dismissed on this ground alone.
But we give a chance to the parties to file proper affidavits within six weeks.
List thereafter.
N.P.V.
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