Kan
Singh, Vs. State Transport Tribunal & Ors [1987] INSC 293 (27 October 1987)
MUKHARJI,
SABYASACHI (J) MUKHARJI, SABYASACHI (J) RANGNATHAN, S.
VENKATARAMIAH,
E.S. (J) SINGH, K.N. (J)
CITATION:
1988 AIR 18 1988 SCR (1) 641 1987 SCC Supl. 671 JT 1987 (4) 185 1987 SCALE
(2)838
ACT:
Motor
Vehicles Act-Renewal of Stage carriage permits under section 58 thereof-Grant
of fresh permits.
HEADNOTE:
%
The appellants filed applications for renewal of their stage carriage permits
on a route in Rajasthan, under section 58 of the Motor Vehicles Act. At the
same time, the Rajasthan State Road Corporation moved applications for the
grant of fresh permits to it for the same route. Both-the applications for
renewal of permits and the applications for fresh permits, were heard together
by the Regional Transport Authority (R.T.A.) which reserved its orders thereon.
The R.T.A. passed orders in the matters after a year of the hearing, rejecting
the renewal applications of the appellants and granting fresh permits to the
Corporation. The R.T.A. had, during the intervening period of one year, held
several other proceedings and meetings in connected matters of which no notice
and no opportunity had been given to the appellants whereas the Corporation was
a party to all those meetings and discussions before the R.T.A.
Against
the orders of the R.T.A., the appellants filed appeals before the State
Transport Appellate Tribunal (S.T.A.T.). The S.T.A.T. dismissed the appeals.
The appellants moved the High Court by writ petitions against the order of the
S.T.A.T. The High Court (Single Judge) dismissed the writ petitions. Further
appeals by the appellants to the Division Bench of the High Court were also
dismissed. The appellants moved this Court by special leave.
Allowing
the appeals, the Court, ^ HELD: The principal issue to be decided by the R.T.A.
was whether the claims of the Corporation for fresh permits had precedence over
the claims of the appellants for the renewal of their permits. [643E] 642 The
appellants have not had an opportunity of putting forward their contentions and
of being heard before the R.T.A. in the various proceedings meetings held by
the R.T.A. during the period of one year following the reservation of orders by
it on the applications of the Appellants and the Corporation. The principles of
natural justice were flouted by the R.T.A. by its failure to apprise the
appellants of what had transpired at the meetings/discussions held in their
absence. [646D-F] The appellants' applications and the applications of the
Corporation require to be considered and disposed of afresh by the R.T.A. in
the light of the observations made by the Court. [648H, 649A] Sher Singh v.
Union of India, AIR 1984 SC 200, referred to.
Civil
Appellate Jurisdiction: Civil Appeal No. 2603- 2605 of 1987.
From
the Judgment and order dated 8.12.1986 of the Rajasthan High Court in D.B.
Special Appeal No. 889, 975 and 1135 of 1986.
G.L.
Sanghi and Mrs. Rani Chhabra for the Appellants. Shanti Bhushan and S.K. Jain
for the Respondents.
The
Judgment of the Court was delivered by RANGANATHAN, J. Special Leave granted.
Appeals are disposed of by this order.
The
three appellants had been granted permits on a route from Bhadra to Hissar via
Adampur. This route lay both in the State of Rajasthan and in the State of
Haryana and was thus an inter-State route. When the permits were about to
expire the petitioners filed applications for their renewal in accordance with
the provisions of section 58 of the Motor Vehicles Act (hereinafter called 'the
Act'). At the same time, the Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation
(hereinafter referred to as 'the Corporation') also moved applications before
the Regional Transport Authority, Bikaner, for the grant of fresh permits to it
on the same route. The applications for renewal of permits made by the
petitioners as well as the applications for the grant of permits by the
Corporation were heard together by the Regional Transport Authority, Bikaner
(R.T.A.) on several dates, the 643 last of which was the 6th of November, 1981.
On that date, orders were reserved by the R.T.A. The R.T.A., however, passed
its order only on 27th November, 1982, about a year after the date of the
hearing. It rejected the renewal applications of the petitioners and granted permits
to the Corporation in respect of the above route.
Aggrieved
by the orders of the R.T.A., the petitioners filed appeals before the State
Transport Appellate Tribunal (S.T.A.T.) The STAT dismissed the appeals
preferred by the petitioners and confirmed the order of the R.T.A. The
petitioners filed writ petitions in the High Court of Rajasthan, which were
dismissed by a Single Judge on 2 1st July, 1986. Further appeals preferred by
the petitioners and certain other operators were dismissed by a Division Bench
of the High Court of Rajasthan by its judgment and order dated 8th December,
1986. These Special Leave Petitions have been preferred against the order of
the Division Bench dated 8th December, 1986.
We
have come to the conclusion that the order of the R.T.A. (and consequently the
orders of the STAT and the High Court) should be set aside and the matter
should be remitted back to the R.T.A. for fresh consideration on the short
ground that the petitioners have not had a fair opportunity of putting forward
and being heard on their contentions relevant to the issue before the R.T.A.
The
principal issue that had to be considered by the R.T.A. was whether the claims
of the Corporation for the grant of a permit had precedence over the claims of
the petitioners for renewal. This issue had to be decided in the context of two
statutory provisions. The first is section 47( 1H) of the Act which reads as
follows:
Notwithstanding
anything contained in this section, an application for a stage carriage permit
from a State transport undertaking for operating in any inter-State route shall
be given preference over all other applications:
Provided
that the authority shall not grant a permit under this sub-section unless it is
satisfied that the State transport undertaking would be able to operate in the
inter-State route without detriment to its responsibility for providing
efficient and adequate road transport service in any notified area or notified
route as is referred to in subsection (3) of section 68D where the undertaking
operates the service.
644
Explanation-For the purposes of this sub-section, "inter State route"
means any route lying contiguously in two or more States.
The
second relevant provision is the third proviso inserted in section 58(2) of the
Act by an amendment applicable to the State of Rajasthan. This sub-section, in
so far it is material for our present purposes, reads: .
"(2)
A permit may be renewed on an application made and disposed of as if it were an
application for a permit:
Provided
further that, other conditions being equal, an application for stage carriage
permit by a State transport undertaking as defined in section 68(A), shall be
given preference over applications from individual owners and cooperative
societies." The arguments before the R.T.A. primarily ranged round the
question whether the terms of the proviso to section 47(1H) were fulfilled in
the present case or not. The petitioners (as well as operators on several other
routes whose requests for renewal had also - been countered by applications for
permits by the Corporation) con tended that the Corporation was not in a
position to operate in the inter-State routes in question without detriment to
its responsibility for providing efficient and adequate road transport service
in routes which had already been nationalized under Chapter IV-A of the Act.
The R.T.A. has applied its mind to this contention in what may be described as
a piecemeal manner. This was because applications made by several private
operators and the corporation in regard to various routes came up for
consideration by it in separate meetings held at different places on different
occasions. In fact it is this which also explains the delay in the passing of
its order by the R.T.A. in the present case. In course of the hearing before
us, we called upon the respondents to produce the original records. These show
that the matter relating to renewal of permits of six operators (including the
present petitioners) was heard on 6.11.1981 and orders reserved. On 30 .11.8 1,
the counsel for the Corporation made a request to the R.T.A. that certain other
matters pertaining to renewals of permits in the Bikaner region were coming up
for consideration on 16.12.81 and that, therefore, the orders in the instant
cases may be deferred till after the other matters were also heard by the
R.T.A. This request of the counsel for the Corporation was accepted by the
R.T.A. The other 645 matters referred to could not be heard on 16.12.1981 but
got adjourned from time to time. The order sheet of the R.T.A. in the present
case shows that the decision in the present cases was deferred on three
subsequent occasions upto 22.03.1982. The-records do not indicate what happened
thereafter but it appears that the decision was postponed on subsequent occasions
also for the same reason and ultimately announced by the R.T.A. On the 27th of
November, 1982, after the connected matters had been heard. This is clear from
the order of the R.T.A. which, in arriving at its final decision, has followed
the orders passed by it on 15.9.82 & 24.11.82 in certain other matters and
the orders passed by the R.T.A., Jaipur on 7.4.82 & 10.9.82 in relation to
two routes falling within its jurisdiction.
The
short grievance of the petitioners was that, by adopting the above procedure,
the R.T.A. has imported into its final decision and order various transactions,
facts, events and arguments of which they had no notice and which they had not
been given a proper opportunity to rebut. The STAT dealt with the argument by
simply observing that "for considering the obtainable facts a fresh
opportunity to appellants in my opinion was not very much required, as there
would not be any end to it." The learned Single Judge in the High Court
recognised that: "If such long spell time has lapsed and such new material
has come into existence the proper course for the RTA should have been to get
the case listed back for comments of both the parties but did not think that
"the case warranted any interference on this aspect." The Division
Bench observed:
"It
was urged on behalf of the appellants that the Regional Transport Authority
took into account events after hearing and closing the cases without giving any
opportunity to the appellants to rebut that material. It was also urged that
out of 83 documents filed by the appellants before the Regional Transport
Authority in rebuttal of this material, only 2 were accepted, while remaining
81 were rejected. There is no merit in this contention. The mere fact that the
appellants filed these documents out of which two were taken into account shows
that they had the knowledge of the subsequent material being used for the
purpose of deciding these cases and it is for this reason that they filed these
documents out of which two were also taken into account. Moreover, the
subsequent events relate only to matters of record pertaining to operation of
the existing routes by the 646 State Transport Undertaking. There is thus no
prejudice to A the appellants. This argument is, therefore devoid of any merit.
In
our opinion the approach of the STAT as well as the High Court was erroneous.
There is no doubt that the R.T.A. in deciding the present case has been
influenced not merely by the discussions which took place during the hearing of
the applications of these petitioners and the Corporation but also the facts
circumstances, and arguments that surfaced at the meetings held by it in
relation to various other permits in the State. It is true that the point that
arose for consideration viz. whether the Corporation had placed sufficient
material on record to satisfy the R.T.A. concerned that the grant of a further
permit or further permits to it would not prejudicially affect the nationalised
services already run by it was, in a sense, a point common to all the meetings.
Nevertheless, the grant of a permit in each case is a separate issue to be
decided on the facts and circumstances placed on record in relation to that
case. In support of their claims for permits, the petitioners had placed some
material before the R.T.A. and so also the Corporation. If, in reaching its
decision, the R.T.A. desires to take into account circumstances and facts
placed by other petitioners or by the Corporation at other meetings, the
petitioners should at least have had an opportunity of knowing what that
material was. This could have been done either by allowing the petitioners to
participate at the other meetings or by giving the substance of that material
to the petitioners, and giving them an opportunity of rebutting it before passing
the final order.
In
this context it is important to remember that the Corporation was a party at
all the meetings and was aware of all the materials that had been placed on
record by other operators as well as by themselves thereat. On the contrary, the
petitioners were handicapped in that they had no knowledge of the material
placed at the other meetings. In our opinion, the requirements of natural
justice were flouted by the failure of the RTA to apprise the petitioners, at least
broadly, of what had transpired at the other meetings.
The
High Court has observed that the petitioners had not been prejudiced as is seen
from the fact that they had placed several documents on record in rebuttal of
the Corporation's case. It may be, as pointed out by the High Court, that the
petitioners were vaguely aware of the nature of the general contentions urged
as well as the evidence placed by the Corporation and also tried to put in some
documents to controvert the material placed on record by the Corporation but they
647 had no direct knowledge of such material. Further, the petitioners'
grievance is that out of 83 documents placed by the petitioners only two were
considered. We are not able to appreciate the High Court's answer to this
contention in the extract we have quoted above. We could have understood it if
the other 81 documents which the petitioners relied upon had been found to be
irrelevant. The R.T.A. has not discussed this evidence. Nor does the STAT
appear to have considered the material or given the petitioners an opportunity,
at least at the appellate stage to attempt to substantiate its contentions by
reference to these documents. In the Special Leave Petitions before us, the
petitioners have catalogued several circumstances to substantiate a contention
that the Corporation was not in a position to undertake the plying of buses on
the routes in question without prejudice to the efficiency of the nationalised
services already being run by it. We express no opinion on the correctness of
these averments or the effect they can have on the satisfaction to be reached
by the Regional Transport Authority but it appears manifest that the impugned
order rejecting the renewal applications of the petitioners has been passed
without there being reasonable opportunity given to the petitioners to counter
the case put forward by the Corporation. On this short ground that the
procedural requirements of natural justice have not been complied with, we
think, the impugned order should be set aside and the R.T.A. directed to pass a
fresh order after giving the opportunity to the Petitioners to put forward
their contentions.
Shri
Shanti Bhushan, learned counsel for the Corporation, raised two contentions. He
urged, firstly, that the present case was governed by section 58(2) and not by
section 47( 1H) and that the Corporation was rightly granted precedence over
the private operators. We are unable to accept this contention for two reasons.
In the first place the grant of a permit for an inter-State route is governed
by the special provision contained in section 47( lH) and not by section 58
which is a general provision. Secondly, even under Section 58, the Corporation
is not entitled to a permit automatically by reason of the fact that it is a
State Road Transport Undertaking. It is entitled to a priority over private
operators only on "other things being equal". In other words, even if
section 58 is to apply, the RTA has to apply its mind to the relative merits of
the private operators on the one hand and the Corporation on the other and it
is only if both of them stand on the same footing that the Corporation would be
entitled to a preference. This would necessarily involve a hearing by the RTA
of the merits of both the contending parties.
648
The second contention of counsel is based on an interpretation of A s. 47(1-H).
The principle and ratio of this provision has been discussed and approved by
this Court in Sher Singh v. Union of India, A.I.R. 1984 SC 209. This provision
no doubt enables the Corporation to have a preference over private operators
and individuals but this is subject to a condition precedent that it should
satisfy the Authority that it E3 would be able to operate the inter- State
route for which permit is sought without detriment to the efficiency and adequacy
of the nationalised services it is already running in the State. Shri Shanti
Bhushan would contend that this is a matter on which the Regional Transport
Authority has to reach a subjective satisfaction in the light of such material
as it may be able to gather and that it is not necessary that it should be
arrived at after giving an opportunity to all the persons appearing before the
Authority. We cannot accept this interpretation.
Like
analogous provisions contained in several statutes which require or permit
certain action to be taken on the satisfaction of a particular specified
authority, the provision in section 47( lH) also requires the R.T.A. to arrive
at its satisfaction not subjectively but on an objective consideration of the
various facts and circumstances placed before it. It will at once be obvious
that such a satisfaction cannot be reached by the Authority without hearing the
various operators. The matter comes up before the Authority on a contest
between an application for a permit or a renewal application of a private
operator and an application for permit by the Corporation. Naturally, the
Corporation will place before the Authority some material to satisfy the
Tribunal that the condition mentioned in the proviso to section 47(1H) is
satisfied. The R.T.A. On its own can have no method of assessing the merits of
this plea.
It
is only the private operators, who are seeking permits for themselves that may
be in a position to place material which would show that the Corporation does
not have the capacity to take up this additional responsibility of running
buses on the inter-State route for which it seeks a permit. It is clearly the
duty of the R.T.A. to consider the evidence placed by both the parties, allow
each party an opportunity to rebut the material placed by the other and arrive
at its satisfaction one way or the other. The satisfaction contemplated under
section 47( lH) is a satisfaction to be arrived at on the basis of such a
quasi- judicial enquiry conducted by the R.T.A. It is, therefore, not possible
to accept the contention that the petitioners were not required to be heard
before the R.T.A. reached its conclusion in favour of the Corporation.
For
the reasons discussed above, we hold that the petitioners' applications for
renewal of permits as well as the Corporation's application for fresh permits
on the inter State route Bhadra to Hissar via Adampur require to be considered
afresh. We, therefore, set aside the order of Regional Transport Authority
dated 27.11.1982, the order of the State Transport Appellate Tribunal dated
20.1. ]983 as well as the order of the Single Judge of the High Court dated
21st July, 1986 and the order of the Division Bench of the High Court dated
8.12.1986. The matter will stand remanded to the file of the R.T.A., Bikaner,
for being disposed of afresh in the light of the above observations.
The
appeals are allowed but in the circumstances we make no order as to costs.
S.L.
Appeals allowed.
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