Murari Mohan Deb Vs. The Secretary to
The Govt. of India & Ors [1985] INSC 84 (10 April 1985)
DESAI, D.A. DESAI, D.A.
ERADI, V. BALAKRISHNA (J) KHALID, V. (J)
CITATION: 1985 AIR 931 1985 SCR (3) 639 1985
SCC (3) 120 1985 SCALE (1)662
CITATOR INFO: F 1987 SC1970 (20)
ACT:
Constitution of Indian Art. 311(2) Compulsory
retirement and dismissal removal from service-Distinction between-Whether
compulsory retirement amounts to dismissal or removal-Circumstances when it
amounts to dismissal or removal explained.
Civil Service-Compulsory retirement-No
provision in the Rules finding the age of compulsory retirement-Compulsory
retirement not in public interest Whether amounts to dismissal under Art.
311(2).
HEADNOTE:
The appellant-a Forester was compulsorily
retired from service by an Order dated October 12 , 1962 passed by the Chief
Forest Officer , Government of Tripura. He filed a writ petition before the
Judicial Commissioner impleading , (I) The Secretary to the Government of India
, Ministry of Home Affairs; (2) The Chief Commissioner , Tripura; (3) The
Secretary to the Government of Tripura , Forest Department;
and (4) The Chief Forest Officer , Government
of Tripura as respondents. His main grievance was (i) that the penalty of
compulsory retirement was imposed upon him without affording him an adequate
opportunity of being heard; and (ii) that the enquiry held against him was in
violation of the principles of natural justice. On the other hand , the
respondent contended (i) that the punishment of compulsory retirement does not
tantamount to dismissal or removal from service as contemplated by Art. 311 (1)
and therefore , no formal enquiry was necessary to be held before imposing the
penalty; and (ii) that adequate opportunity was afforded to the appellant
during the enquiry to controvert the charges and defend himself. The Judicial
Commissioner held that the appellant was appointed by the Chief Commissioner ,
and therefore , the Chief Forecast Officer , a subordinate of the Chief
Commissioner was not competent to impose the penalty of compulsory retirement
and thus the order was bad on merits. But , he dismissed the petition holding
that it was not properly constituted.
Allowing the appeal by the appellant , ^
HELD: (t) The Judicial Commissioner should
not have taken upon 640 himself to raise the objection that in the absence of
Union of India being made a party , the petition was not properly constituted
when the respondents did not raise such a contention. Respondent No. i is shown
to be the Secretary to the Government of India , Ministry of Home Affairs. If
there was technical err or in the draftsmanship of the petition by a lawyer , a
Forester a class IV low grade servant should not have been made to surfer. An
oral request to correct the description of the first respondent would have
satisfied the procedural requirement. The Court could have conveniently read
the cause title as Government of India which means Union of India through the
Secretary.
Ministry of Home Affairs instead of the
description set out in the writ petition and this very petition would be
competent by any standard. Moreover , the appointing authority of the appellant
, the Chief Commissioner of the Government of Tripura as well the Chief
Forecast Officer who passed the impugned order were impleaded and they
represented the administration of Tripura Government as well as the concerned
officers. Therefore , not only the petition as drawn up was competent but no
bone of contention could be taken about its incompetence. [644G-H; 645A-D] (2)
The Judicial Commissioner rightly held that the impugned order of compulsory
retirement was imposed by an authority not competent to impose the same and
therefore it is ab initio illegal and invalid. [645F] (3) (i) Where relevant
service rules provide for an age of superannuation and permit compulsory
retirement in public interest on reaching a certain age lower than the age of
superannuation , and order of compulsory retirement according to relevant
service rules cannot be styled as imposing a penalty and obviously Art. 311 (2)
will not be attract . An order of compulsory retirement differ both from an
Order Of dismissal and an order of removal from service , in that it is not a
form of punishment prescribed by the rules , and involved no penal consequences
in as much as the person who retires is entitled to pension proportionate to
the period of service standing to his credit. But , where there is no rule
fixing the are of compulsory retirement or if there is one and the servant is
retired before that age prescribed therein , then that can he regarded only as
dismissal or removal within Art. 311 (2).
[645G-H;6645A-B] Sham Lal v. The State of
Uttar Pradesh , [1955] S.C.R. 26 and State of Bombay v. Saubhagchand M. Doshi ,
[1958] S.C.R. 571 , referred to.
3. (ii) In the instant case , it is admitted
that the relevant service rules prescribed an age of superannuation.
It was not pointed out that the relevant
rules fixed some other age beyond which and before reaching the age of
superannuation , a Government servant can be compulsory retired in public
interest. Nor is it claimed that the order of compulsory retirement in this
case was made under the relevant service rules in public interest. At any rate
, it is crystal clear that the appellant was aged only 42 when the order of
compulsory retirement was made. It was not sought to be supported on the ground
that the appellant having put in service for a certain number of years , he
could have been compulsorily retired. On the contrary , it is admitted that the
order of compulsory retirement was by way of penalty imposed upon him 641 for
misconduct after an enquiry. Obviously therefore Art.
311(2) will be attracted and an enquiry in
accordance with the rules of natural justice would be a pre-requisite before
imposing any penalty. [647C-F]
3. (iii) It is clear from the facts that the
enquiry was held in violation of principles of natural justice and is vitiated.
If the enquiry was illegal , any punishment imposed as a result of the enquiry
must fail. Therefore, the order of compulsory retirement is bad for more than
one reason and liable to be set aside and is hereby set aside.
Once the order of compulsory retirement is
set aside , the appellant continues in service. But , it is not possible to
direct his reinstatement in service , since he has reached the age of
superannuation as on December 6 , 1978.
Therefore. he would be entitled to backwages
and pension which is comes to Rs. 1,00,000 from the date of compulsory
retirement on October 16 , 1962 upto and inclusive of December 31 , 1984. The
respondent shall pay pension at the rate of Rs. 400 from January 1 , 1984 . Now
that the amount is payable in one lump sum , presumably the Government may
resort to sec. 192 of the Income Tax Act. But let it be made distinctly clear
that the appellant is entitled to the benefit of Sec. 89 and Rule 21A of the
Income Tax Rules and he is entitled to relief , under Sec. 89. Therefore ,
while computing the total amount the Court has kept the spread over in view and
in no year any income tax is deductible from the meagre salary of this low paid
class IV employee. If therefore , any deduction is made towards income-tax
while making the payment , it is incombent upon the Tripura Administration to
take all necessary steps to obtain the relief for the appellant under Sec. 89
of the Income Tax Act read with Rule 21A of the Income Tax Rules. [647B-G]
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal
No. 1605 of 1971. I From the Judgment and Order dated 28 11.1970 of the
Judicial Commissioner's Court of Tripura in Writ Petition No. 22/ 1964.
D.N. Mukherjee for the Appellant.
M.M. Abdul Khader and R.N. Poddar for the
Respondents.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
DESAI , J. Murari Mohan Deb , a Forester in the employment of Tripura Government
was compulsorily retired from service by the order dated October 12 , 1962 of
the 4th respondent Chief Forest Officer. Since then he is knocking at the doors
of the courts in search of illusory justice and chased mirage till he reached
the age of superannuation. Alas ! the ways of justice like the ways of
Providence are inscrutable. And who is to blame , if not, the system 642 The
appellant questioned the correctness and validity of the order of compulsory
retirement n Writ Petition No. 22 of 1964 which came to be disposed of after a
lapse of six years on November 28 , 1970. In his writ petition the appellant
had impleaded (1) The Secretary to the Government of India , Ministry of Home
Affairs , (2) The Chief Commissioner , Tripura , (3) The Secretary to the
Government of Tripura , Forest Department and (4) The Chief Forest Officer ,
Government of Tripura , last one being the one who had passed the impugned
order of compulsory retirement. The grievance in the writ petition was that
penalty of compulsory retirement was imposed upon the appellant without
affording the appellant an adequate opportunity to defend himself and to
explain the charges leveled against him. In short it was alleged that the
enquiry was held in violation of the principles of natural justice.
The respondents resisted the writ petition
inter alia contending that as the punishment of compulsory retirement does not
tantamount to dismissal or removal from service as contemplated by Art. 311(1)
and therefore , no formal enquiry was necessary to be held before imposing the
penalty. It was contended that adequate opportunity was afforded to the
appellant to controvert the charges and defend himself.
Surprisingly , when the matter was taken up
for hearing , the learned judicial Commissioner suo moto raised the objection
that i n the absence of Union of India being made a party , the petition was
not properly constituted.
After an elaborate discussion , the learned
Judicial Commissioner recorded a finding that Government of India was a necessary
party and in its absence the petition is incompetent and must be rejected.
After having reached this firm conclusion , the learned Judicial Commissioner
proceeded to investigate the contention of the appellant that the enquiry
against him was held in violation of the principles of natural justice , and
that the Chief Forest Officer being not the appointing authority could not
impose the penalty of compulsory retirement on the appellant. In respect of the
second contention , the learned judicial Commissioner held that as it has been
unquestionably established that the appellant was appointed by the Chief
Commissioner , the Chief Forest Officer , a subordinate of the Chief
Commissioner was not competent to impose the penalty of compulsory retirement and
therefore on merit the order was bad.
643 However , consistent with his view that
the writ petition in the absence of Union of India was competent , he rejected
the writ petition. Hence this appeal by special leave.
This appeal reached hearing on July 26 , 1984
and after hearing Mr. D.N. Mukherjee , learned counsel for the appellant and
Mr. Abdul Khader , learned counsel for Tripura Administration , we told them
that the appeal is being allowed and the impugned order is being set aside.
However , at this stage , Mr. Abdul Khader ,
learned counsel for the State of Tripura pointed out that as the appellant even
on his showing has reached the age of superannuation , even if the impugned
order is illegal and invalid , the relief of reinstatement cannot be granted to
him. As the facts were not clear , a direction was given that the matter be
listed on August 7 , 1984 for clarification about the date of superannuation of
the appellant. At the resumed hearing it was conceded that, had the appellant
not been compulsorily retired from service , he would have retired on
superannuation on December 6, 1978. In this fact situation the relief of
physical reinstatement could not be granted. On that day a direction was given
that the second respondent should compute and calculate the backwages payable
to the appellant on the footing that the order of compulsory retirement is
illegal and invalid and the appellant continued to be in service till December
9 , 1978. The matter thereafter was listed on October 17 , 1984 when Mr. Abdul
Khader , learned counsel for the second respondent produced before us the rough
computation made by the competent authority pursuant to our direction showing
that approximately Rs. 93,000 would be payable to the appellant as and by way
of backwages and he would be entitled to gratuity and pension thereafter. The
plight of the appellant lent urgency to the matter in as much as the appellant
was without succour for a long period, a direction was given that the second
respondent i.e.
Tripura Administration should pay Rs. 93,000
by a demand draft drawn in favor of the appellant within four weeks from the
date of the order. A further direction was given that year to year calculation
of computation of backwages must be submitted to the Court.
Kamal Baran Dev son of the appellant filed an
affidavit dated November 7, 1984 in which- he pointed out that had the
appellant continued in service , if the illegal order of compulsory retirement
had not been made, he would have earned two promotions , namely, 644 as Forest
Ranger and Senior Forest Ranger , all posts in Class III and IV grade.
According to the appellant's computation , his pension be fixed at Rs. 550 p.m.
According to him , he would be entitled to
recover Rs. 3,25,000 from the respondents for the period upto and inclusive of
July , 1984.
Shri R.M. Dutta , Deputy Conservator of
Forests, Government of Tripura filed a counter-affidavit in which it is pointed
out that looking to the age and qualifications of the appellant , he would not
have earned a single promotion. It was pointed out that the post of Forest
Ranger and that of Senior Forest Ranger are governed by the recruitment rules
which came into force in 1965 which did not envisage automatic promotion purely
according to seniority. It was also pointed out that seniority is only one of
the criteria that the Departmental Promotion Committee has to take into
consideration while recommending the promotion of a Forester to the post of
Forest Ranger. It was further pointed out that the revised pay scale for the
post of a Forester was Rs. 260-495 effective from March ], 1974 and that the
appellant would have retired in that scale. To this affidavit was annexed
calculations monthwise and it was pointed out that at best the appellant would
be entitled to Rs. 93 , 444.08 p. inclusive of pension from 6.12.78 to
September 30 , 1984 , encasement of leave and gratuity.
Mr. D.N. Mukherjee , learned counsel for the
appellant urged that we should not accept the computation as made by the
competent authority as set out in the annexure to the affidavit of Shri R.M
Dutta. To a query of the court as to how the appeal ant was worked out his
arrears of backwages at Rs. 3,25,000, there was hardly any convincing answer
though some rough and ready calculation was attempted to be offered to us which
we find very difficult to implicitly rely upon.
Mr. Abdul Khader fairly stated that it is
difficult to support l the judgment of the learned Judicial Commissioner that
in the absence of Union of India being impleaded as a party , the petition as
constituted was incompetent. We have not been able to appreciate why the
learned Judicial Commissioner should have taken upon himself to raise this
untenable contention even though the respondents did not raise such a
contention. respondent No. 1 is shown to be the Secretary 10 the Government of
645 India , Ministry of Home Affairs. If there was technical error in the
draftsmanship of the petition by a lawyer, a Forester a class IV low grade
servant should not have been made to suffer. An oral request to correct the
description of the first respondent would have satisfied the procedural
requirement. By raising and accepting such a contention, after a laps of six
years , the law is brought into ridicule. The court could have conveniently read
the cause title as Government of India which means Union of India through the
Secretary , Ministry of Home Affairs instead of the description set out in the
writ petition and this very petition would be competent by any standard. The
contention is all the more objectionable for the additional reason that the
appointing authority of the appellant , the Chief Commissioner of the
Government of Tripura as well the Chief Forest Officer who passed the impugned
order were impleaded and they represented the administration of Tripura
Government as well as the concerned officers. Therefore, not only the petition
as drawn up was competent but no bone of contention could be taken about its
incompetence. Mr. Abdul Khader , learned counsel for the Government of Tripura
rightly did not press this point.
The learned Judicial Commissioner rightly
held that the impugned order of compulsory retirement was imposed by an
authority not competent to impose the same and therefore it is ab initio
illegal and invalid. Further , it appears crystal clear from the record that in
this case when the appellant was only 42 years of age , compulsory retirement
was imposed as a penalty for misconduct. We are not unaware of the legal
position that where relevant service rules provide for an age of superannuation
and permits compulsory retirement in public interest on reaching a certain age
lower than the age of superannuation , an order of compulsory retirement
according to relevant service rules cannot be styled as imposing a penalty and
obviously Art.
311(2) will not be attracted. As held by this
Court in Sham Lal v. The State of Uttar Pradesh (1) an order of compulsory
retirement differs both from an order of dismissal and an order of removal from
service , in that it is not a form of punishment prescribed by the rules. and
involves no penal consequences , inasmuch as the person who retires is entitled
to pension proportionate to the period of service standing to his credit. '(See
The State of Bombay 1. (1955) 1 SCR26.
646 v. Saubhagchand M. Doshi(1). It thus
appears that where the relevant service rules fixed both an age of
superannuation and an age of compulsory retirement and the services of a
Government servant governed by the rules are terminated between these two point
of time , the order of compulsory retirement could not be said to cast a stigma
and would not attract Art. 311. But where there is no rule fixing the age of
compulsory retirement or if there is one and the servant is retired before the
age prescribed therein , then that can be regarded only as dismissal or removal
within Art.
311(2). (See Saubhagchand M. Doshi's case at
519). In this case it is admitted that the relevant service rules prescribed an
age of superannuation. It was not pointed out that the relevant rules fixed
some other age beyond which and before reaching the age of superannuation , a
Government servant can be compulsory retired in public interest. Nor is it
claimed that the order of compulsory retirement in this case was made under the
relevant service rules in public interest. It would have been atrocious to
contend to that effect in respect of a Forester , a low grade class IV servant
who would be required to be compulsorily retired in public interest. But if
there was such a rule , we would have positively examined the same.
At any rate , it is crystal clear that the
appellant was aged only 42 when the order of compulsory retirement was made. It
was not sought to be supported on the ground that the appellant having put in
service for a certain number of years , he could have been compulsorily
retired. On the contrary , it is admitted that the order of compulsory
retirement was by way of penalty imposed upon him for misconduct after an
enquiry. Obviously therefore , Art.
311(2) will be attracted and an enquiry in
accordance with the rules of natural justice would be a pre-requisite before
imposing any penalty. It would be presently pointed out that the enquiry was
sham and held in violation of principles of natural justice.
The enquiry officer issued a notice that the
enquiry against the appellant would be held at Rangamura but at short notice
subsequently , the venue was suddenly shifted to Radhanagar where the appellant
could not keep his witnesses present. He did not have an opportunity of
examining the records used against him. Therefore , for more than one reason ,
the enquiry appears to have been held in l. [1958] SCR 571.
647 violation of principles of natural
justice and is vitiated.
If the enquiry was illegal , any punishment
imposed as a result of the enquiry must t`ail. Therefore , the order of
compulsory retirement is bad for more than one reason and liable to be set
aside and is hereby set aside.
Once the order of compulsory retirement is
set aside, the appellant continues to be in service. He has reached the age of
Superannuation as on December 6 , 1978 as pointed out in the affidavit and not
controverted. Therefore , it is not permissible to direct his reinstatement in
service. He would be entitled to backwages from the date of compulsory retirement
on October 16 , 1962 till the date of his superannuation on December 6 , 1978. C Before we determine the amount payable as backwages, we must make it distinctly
clear that while computing the amount we have kept in view the meagre monthly
salary which the appellant would have received for the years 1962 to 1974 when
the pay scale of his post was revised. In any year if he had received full
salary , he was not liable to pay income-tax at the rates then in force. Even
the revised salary with the exemption limit of income-tax going up would have
not been assessable to income-tax. And this lowest grade class IV servant , we
were informed had no other source of income. Now that the amount is payable in
one lump sum , presumably the Government may resort to Sec. 192 of the Income
Tax Act. But let it be made distinctly clear that the appellant is entitled to
the benefit of Sec. 89 and Rule 21A of the Income Tax Rules and he is entitled
to relief under Sec. 89. Therefore , while computing the total amount , we have
kept the spread over in view and in no year any income-tax is deductible from
the meagre salary of this low paid class IV employee. If therefore , any
deduction is made towards income-tax while making the payment , it is incombent
upon the Tripura administration to take all necessary steps to obtain the
relief for the appellant under Sec. 89 of the Income-Tax Act read with Rule 21A
of the Income Tax Rules.
As pointed out earlier , rival contentions
and calculations have been examined by us and keeping them in view and having
regard to the circumstances of the case , we direct that over and above the
amount of Rs. 93,000 already paid to the appellant , he should be paid Rs.
7,000 more towards backwages and pension upto and inclusive of 648 December 31 ,
1984. The respondent shall pay pension at the rate of Rs. 400 from January 1 , 1984. The appellant shall also be paid dearness allowance if admissible to
pensioners getting pension at Rs. 400 p.m. The appellant shall also be paid
gratuity at the admissible rate treating him in service upto and inclusive of
December 6 , 1978. The payment herein directed shall be made with in a period
of eight weeks from today. The respondent shall also pay costs to the appellant
quantified at Rs. 2,000. Appeal is allowed to the extent herein indicated.
M.L.A. Appeal allowed.
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