Smt. Periyakkal & Ors Vs. Smt.
Dakshyani [1983] INSC 21 (2 March 1983)
REDDY, O. CHINNAPPA (J) REDDY, O. CHINNAPPA
(J) PATHAK, R.S.
CITATION: 1983 AIR 428 1983 SCR (2) 467 1983
SCC (2) 127 1983 SCALE (1)213
CITATOR INFO :
D 1988 SC 981 (6,8)
ACT:
Code of Civil Procedure - order XXI, Rule
90-Scope of- Parties entcred into a compromise with leave of Court that
appellants should pay in Court before the stipulated date a sum of money in
full and final settlement of the decree- Appellants failed to deposit the money
in terms of compromise-Made an application for extension of time-High Court, if
competent to extend time.
HEADNOTE:
The respondent's suit for the recovery of
money from the first appellant's husband was decreed and in the execution of
the decree certain property of the appellant was brought to sale. The
decree-holder purchased that property. The appellant's husband having died in
the meanwhile his legal representatives filed an application under order XXI,
Rule 90 of the C.P.C. for setting aside the sale. That application was
dismissed by the executing court.
On the appellant's appeal, the sale was set
aside. At the stage of second appeal filed by the respondent the parties
entered into a compromise with the leave of the court which after granting
leave made an order in terms of the compromise. Under a term of the compromise,
the appellants agreed to deposit, and the respondent agreed to receive a sum of
Rs. 60,000/- in full and final settlement of the decree. It was also stated
that if the deposit was not made on or before the stipulated date, the sale was
to stand confirmed and the second appeal of the respondent was to stand. Having
found it difficult to deposit the money in terms of the compromise, the
appellants filed an application under Ss. 148 and 151 of the C.P.C. praying
that the time for depositing the money in terms of the compromise be extended.
The High Court dismissed this application on the ground that the Court could
not extend time where time had been stipulated by the parties in the compromise
arrived at between them.
In appeal to this Court it was contended on
behalf of the appellants that where a compromise had been made the order of the
Court, it was open to the Court to extend the time under s. 148 C.P.C.
Allowing the appeal and remanding the case to
the High Court to dispose of the execution second appeal afresh in accordance
with the law.
HELD: As there was no statutory compulsion to
dismiss the application under order XXI, Rule 90, C.P.C, in the absence of an
agreement between the parties, the Court would have decided the appeal arising
out of the application 468 on the merits. The parties in the instant case
however entered into a compromise and invited the court to make an order in
terms of the compromise, which the Court did. The time for deposit stipulated
by the parties became the time allowed by the Court and this gave the Court the
jurisdiction to extend time in appropriate cases. Time would not be extended
ordinarily, nor for the mere asking but would be granted in rare cases to
prevent manifest injustice. Where the contract of the parties has merged in the
order of the Court the Court's freedom to act to further the ends of justice
would not stand curtailed. The High Court was in error in thinking that they
had no power to extend time.
[472 B-F] Hukumchand v. Bansilal and ors.,
A.I.R. 1968 SC 86, held inapplicable.
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal
No. 3527 of 1979.
Appeal by Special leave from the Judgment and
order dated the 15th JaNuary, 1979 of the Karnataka High Court in Executive
Second Appeal No. 89 of 1974.
Dr. Y.S. Chifale, R. B. Datar and Miss Madhu
Mool Chandani for the Appellants.
S. C. Javali, Ranjit KtJmar and B. P. Singh
for the Respondent.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by CHINNAPPA
REDDY, J. The respondent Dakshyani sued to recover a sum of RS. 7,324.86 paise
from Narayana Swami, husband of the first appellant and father of the rest of
the appellants. The suit was decreed with costs and, in execution of the
decree, certain property situated in Bangalore City was brought to sale. The
decree-holder purchased the property at the execution sale held on August 19,
1969, for a sum of Rs. 28,000. Narayana Swami having died in the meanwhile, his
legal representatives, the present appellants, filed an application under the
provisions of order 21 Rule 90 for setting aside the sale on various grounds.
The Executing Court dismissed the application on March 28, 1973 but on an
appeal preferred by the appellants the sale was set aside on July 31, 1974. The
respondent filed a second appeal to the High Court of Karnataka. At the hearing
of the second appeal the parties entered into a compromise with the leave of
the Court, such leave being necessary since mally of the present appellants
were minors then 469 and are minors even now. The Court granted leave and made
an order in terms of the compromise. The term of the compromise which we are
concerned is that the present appellants agreed to deposit and the present
respondent agreed to receive a sum of Rs. 60,000/-in full and final settlement
of the decree. If the deposit was made on or before November 30, 1976, the sale
which though confirmed by the Trial Court but set aside by the Appellate Court
was to stand set aside and the second appeal of the respondent was to stand
dismissed.
If the amount of Rs. 60,000/- was not
deposited on or before November 30, 1976 the second appeal was to stand allowed
and the sale was to stand confirmed. Time was stated to be the essence of the
contract between the parties. The applellants were permitted under the
compromise, to raise funds by sale, mortgage etc of the property in question.
The appellants failed to deposit the amount in terms of the compromise. It
appeaIs that they were unable to raise the necessary funds as they could not
evict the tenant who was in occupation of the property. Finally the appellants
filed an application purporting to be under ss. 148 and 151 of the Civil
Procedure Code to extend the time for depositing the sum of Rs. 60,000 in terms
of the compromise dated June 24, 1976.
The High Court dismissed the application on
the ground that the Court could not extend time where time had been stipulated
by the parties themselves in the compromise arrived at between them. The High
Court purported to rely upon the decision of this Court in Hukumchand v.
Bansilal and Ors.(l) Shri R. B. Datar Learned Counsel for the appellants urged
that there was no limitation on the power of the Court to extend time under s.
148, c. P. c. and that where a compromise had been made an order of the Court,
it was certainly open to the Court to extend time under s. 148 c. P. c. He
relied upon the decision of the High Courts of Bombay and Calcutta in Marketing
and Advertising Associates Pvt. Ltd. v. Telerad Pvt. Ltd.(2) Jadabendra Nath
Mishra v. Manorama Debya(3). He distinguished the decision of this Court in
Hukum Chand v. Bansilal. Shri Javali Learned Counsel for the respondent, on the
other hand urged that time should not be extended by the Court, 470 in law and
on principle, where the parties themselves had agreed upon the time within
which the amount was to be deposited.
In Hukamchand v. Bansilal the real question
which was considered was, if a mortgaged property was sold in execution of a
mortgage decree and if the application to set aside the sale under order 21
Rule 90 was dismissed but time was granted by consent of parties for depositing
the decretal amount etc. could time be extended for depositing the decretal
amount etc. to avert the confirmation of sale under order 34 Rule S, except
with the consent of the parties. The answer was 'no'. .The Court said on the
dismissal of an application under order 21 Rule 90, confirmation of sale under
order 21 Rule 92 had to follow as a matter of course. Order 34 Rule S merely
permitted the deposit to be made at any time before confirmation of the sale
and there could be no question of extending the time for such deposit. If
parties agreed to have the confirmation of sale postponed, further postponement
would be possible by agreement of parties only. The Court would have no say in
the matter. Sec. 148 C. P. C. would have no application. The position was
clarified by the Court thus :
"The judgment-debtor mortgagor had the
right to de- posit the amount at any time before confirmation of sale within 30
days after the sale or even more than 30 days after the sale under order XXXIV,
Rule (S) (l) so long as the sale was not confirmed. If the amount had been
deposited before the confirmation of sale, the judgment- debtors had the right
to ask for an order in terms of order XXXlV, Rule 5 (1) in their favour. In
this case an application under order XXI Rule 90 had been made and, therefore,
the sale could not be confirmed immediately after 30 days which would be the
normal course; the confirmation had to await the disposal of the application
under order XXl, Rule 90.
That application was disposed of on October
7, 1958 and was dismissed. It is obvious from the order sheet of October 7,
1958 that an oral compromise was arrived at between the parties in court on
that day. By that compromise time was granted to the respondents to deposit the
entire amount due to the decree-holder and the auction-purchaser by November
471 21, 1958. Obviously, the basis of the compromise was A that respondents
withdrew their application, under order XXI, Rule 90 while the decree-holder
society and the auction-purchaser appellant agreed that time might be given to
deposit the amount up to November, 21,1958.
If this agreement had not been arrived at and
if the application under order XXI, Rule 90 had been dismissed (for example, on
merits) on October 7, 1958, the court was bound under order XXI, Rule 92 (1) to
confirm the sale at once. But because of the compromise between the parties by
which the respondents were given time up to November 21, 1958 the court rightly
postponed the question of confirmation of sale till that date by consent of
parties. But the fact remains that the application under order XXI, Rule 90 had
been dismissed on October 7, 1958 and thereafter, the court was bound to
confirm the sale but for the compromise between the parties giving time up to
November 21, 1958".
The Court then referred to the refusal of the
Court to extend time by a fortnight on November 22, 1958 and further observed:
- "The executing court refused that holding that time upto Nov. 21, 1958
had been granted by consent and it was no longer open to it to extend that
time. The executing court has not referred to order XXI, Rule 92 in its order,
but it is obvious that the executing court held that it could not grant time in
the absence of an agreement between the parties because order XX [, Rule 92
required that as the application under order XXI, Rule 90 had been dismissed
the sale must be confirmed. We are of the view that in the circumstances it was
not open to the executing court to extend time without consent of parties, for
time between October 7, 1958 to November 21, 1958 was granted by consent of
parties. Section 148 of the Code of Civil Procedure would not apply in these
circumstances, and the executing court was right in holding that it could not
extend time.
Thereafter, it rightly confirmed the sale as
required under order XXI, Rule 92 there being no question of the appli- 472
cation of order XXXIV, Rule S for the money had not been deposited on November
22, 1958 before the order J of confirmation was passed. In this view of the
matter, we are of opinion that the order of the executing court refusing grant
of time and confirming the sale was correct".
In the case before us, the situation Is
totally different. Unlike the case of Hukam Chand v. Bansilal where there was a
statutory compulsion to confirm the sale on the dismissal of the application
under order XXI Rule 90 and, therefore, postponement and further postponement
of the confirmation of the sale could only be by the consent of the parties in
the case before us, there was no statutory compulsion to dismiss the
application under order XXI, Rule 90 in the absence of an agreement between the
parties. The court would have then decided the appeal arising out of the
application on the merits. The parties, however, entered into a compromise and
invited the court to make an order in terms of the compromise, which the court
did. The time for deposit stipulated by the parties became the time allowed by
the court and this gave the court the jurisdiction to extend time in
appropriate cases. Of course, time would not be extended ordinarily, nor for
the mere asking. It would be granted in rare cases to prevent manifest
injustice. True the court would not rewrite a contract between the parties but
the court would relieve against a forfeiture clause;
And, where the contract of the parties has
merged in the order of the court, the court's freedom to act to further the
ends of justice would surely not stand curtailed.
Nothing said in Hukamchand's case militates
against this view. We are, therefore, of the view that the High Court was in
error in; thinking that they had no power to extend time.
Even so, Shri Jawali submitted that this was
not an appropriate case for granting any extension of time. We desire to
express no opinion on that question. The High Court will decide that question.
We accordingly, set aside that judgment dated 15th January, 1979, of the High
Court and direct the High Court to dispose of I. A. No. VIII in Execution
Second Appeal No. 89/74 in accordance with law.
The parties will bear their own costs.
P.B.R. Appeal allowed.
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