Raghunandan Singh & Ors Vs. Brij
Mohan Singh & Ors [1980] INSC 27 (15 February 1980)
FAZALALI, SYED MURTAZA FAZALALI, SYED MURTAZA
KOSHAL, A.D.
CITATION: 1980 AIR 869 1980 SCR (2)1063 1980
SCC (3) 107
CITATOR INFO :
F 1983 SC1139 (8)
ACT:
U. P. Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms
Act, 1950 (U.P. Act 1 of 1950) Section 12-Scope of.
HEADNOTE:
Terms of Theka empowering lease-holders to
remain in possession of agricultural land-Appoint temporary tenants and recover
Government Revenue-Thekadar whether a hereditary tenant.
The appellants who were originally the
Zamindars of the land in dispute granted Thekas to the respondents first on the
10th July, 1933 and then on the 24th May, 1943. While the first Theka provided
that the lease-holders were to remain in possession of the entire agricultural
land either through themselves or by arranging with temporary tenants and by
recovering government revenue, the second Theka though in the same terms,
provided that the leaseholders would remain in possession of the agricultural
land as lease-holders themselves and may appoint temporary tenants by receiving
the government revenue.
The appellants succeeded before the
Settlement officer (Consolidation), but the Deputy Director of Consolidation
held in revision, that the appellants were Bhoomidars and the respondents could
not get any status under Section 12 of the Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition
and Land Reforms Act, 1950. The High Court dismissed the writ petition filed by
the appellants in limine.
In the appeal to this Court it was submitted
on behalf of the appellants that as the Theka granted by the Zamindars was not
made with the lessees only for the purposes of personal cultivation of the
lands the respondents would not fall within the ambit of section 12 of the Act,
while on behalf of the respondents it was contended that as they were in
cultivating possession of the lands in question, they had acquired the status
of hereditary tenants conferred on them by section 12 of the Act and they were
not Assamis as contemplated by section 13 of the Act.
Allowing the appeal,
HELD: 1. Before a person can be held to be a
hereditary tenant under Section 12 of the Act, three conditions must be
fulfilled: (1) He must be in possession of the land in dispute on the 1st May 1950,
(2) His possession must be under a Theka and (3) The Theka must be for the
purpose of personal cultivation of the lands in dispute by that person and not
for other purposes. [1065C-D]
2. The dominant intention of the statute, as
of other land reforms legislation, is to secure land for the tiller of the soil
who alone would be clothed with the special rights of a hereditary tenant.
[1065-D]
3. The terms of the Theka do not spell out
the facts that the respondents had taken the lease for purposes of personal
cultivation only, because other 1064 purposes also are indicated as part of the
Theka namely to sublet the land or to appoint temporary tenants and the like.
The conditions required by section 12 are therefore not fulfilled in the case
of the respondents. [1066C] Balu Noorul Hassan Khan (Dead) by LRs v. Ram Prasad
Singh and others [1980] 1 S.C.C. 367 followed and relied upon; Rani Dullaiya
& Anr. v. Ganga Prasad 1968 ALJ 518 over-ruled.
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal
No. 1197 of 1970.
From the Judgment and order dated 9-4-1969 of
the Allahabad High Court in Civil Misc. Writ Petition No. 1005 of 1969.
S. P. Singh and R. A. Gupta for the
Appellant.
Yogeswar Prasad, Mrs. Rani Chhabra, S. K.
Bagga and Mrs. S. K. Bagga for Respondent No. 4.
S. N. Singh for Respondents 1-3 and 5.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
FAZAL ALI, J.-This appeal by certificate is directed against a judgment of the
Allahabad High Court, which dismissed the writ petition filed by the appellants
in limine. We have heard learned counsel for the parties at great length. The
only point for determination in the present appeal is whether the case of the
parties is governed by section 12 or section 13 of the U.P. Zamindari Abolition
and Land Reforms Act 1950 (Act I of 1950) (hereinafter called the Act). The
facts in dispute and that so far as the appellants are concerned, they were
originally the zamindars of the lands in dispute and they granted Thekas to the
respondents first on the 10th of July, 1933 and then on the 24th May, 1943. The
interpretation of the terms of the Theka would determine the question of the
status of the appellants.
Shri Shiv Pujan Singh, appearing for the
appellants, submitted that as the Theka granted by the Zamindars was not made
with the lessees only for the purposes of personal cultivation of the lands the
respondents would not fall within the ambit of Section 12 of the Act. On the
other hand, it was argued or the respondents that as they were in cultivating
possession of the lands in question, they had acquired the status of hereditary
tenants conferred on them by section 12 of the Act and they are not Assamis
contemplated by section 13 of the Act. Although the appellants succeeded before
the Settlement officer (Consolidation) the Deputy Director of Consolidation
held in revision that the appellants were Bhoomidars and the respondents could
not get any status under section 12 of the Act.
In order to decide this question, we have to
determine the scope and ambit of Section 12 of the Act.
1065 "12. Thekedars to be hereditary
tenants in certain circumstances-(1) Where any land was in the personal
cultivation of a person on the 1st day of May, 1950, as a thekedar thereof and
the theka was made with a view to the cultivation of the land by such thekedar
personally, then notwithstanding anything in any law, document or order of
court, he shall be deemed to be a hereditary tenant thereof entited to hold,
and when he has been ejected from the land after the said date, to regain
possession as a hereditary tenant thereof liable to pay rent at hereditary
rates." An analysis of this section would show that before a person can be
held to be a hereditary tenant under the section, the following conditions must
be fulfilled:-
1. He must be in possession of the land in
dispute on the 1st of May, 1950.
2. His possession must be under a Theka.
3. The Theka must be for the purpose of
personal cultivation of the lands in dispute by that person (emphasis supplied)
and not for other purposes. The dominant intention of the statute, as of other
land reforms legislation, is to secure land for the tiller of the soil who
alone would be clothed with the special rights of a hereditary tenant.
It is, therefore, manifest that only if the
above three conditions are fulfilled, would the Thekedars get the status of
hereditary tenants and not otherwise. This section was interpreted by a
decision of this Court in Babu Noorul Hasan Khan (Dead) by Lrs. v. Ram Prasad
Singh and Others(1) where this Court observed as follows:- "If such a land
was in the personal cultivation of a person on the 1st of May, 1950 as a
Thekedar thereof and if the Theka was made with a view to the cultivation of
the land by such Thekedar personally then because of the non- obstante clause
occurring in sub-section(1) of section 12 of the Act the Thekedar would be
deemed to be a hereditary tenant of the land entitled to hold as such and
liable to pay rent on hereditary rates. If, however, the land was in personal
cultivation of the Thekedar merely as a Thekedar appointed to collect rent from
other tenants and incidentally allowed to cultivate the Sir or Khudkasht land
of the lessor then he will be a mere assami in accordance with section 13(2)
(a) of the Act." The facts of the case before us are similar to the facts
of the present case and the decision of the court is therefore directly in
point.
1066 A perusal of para 1 of the Theka
executed on the 10th of July 1933 in favour of the Thekedars clearly shows that
the lease-holders were to remain in possession of the entire agricultural land
either through themselves or by arranging with temporary tenants and by
recovering government revenue.
The other Theka which was executed on 24-5-43
was almost in the same terms and clause(1) provide that the lease-holders will
remain in possession of the agricultural land as lease- holders themselves and
may appoint temporary tenants by receiving the government revenue.
Thus, the terms of the Theka, do not spell
out the fact that the respondents had taken the lease for the purpose of
personal cultivation only because other purposes also are indicated as part of
the Theka viz. to sublet the land or to appoint temporary tenants and the like.
In these circumstances, the condition
required by section 12 are clearly not fulfilled in the case of the
respondents.
Mr. Singh appearing for the respondents
relied on a decision of the Allahabad High Court in Rani Dullaiya & Anr. v.
Ganga Prasad (1) where it was held that although the Theka may be for some
other purpose also, but if it was also for personal cultivation section 12 of
the Act would apply to the Thekedars. With due respect, we are of the opinion
that the view taken by the Allahabad High Court is in direct conflict with the
decision of this Court referred to above and it must, therefore, be held to be
incorrect.
For the above reasons, we allow this appeal,
set aside the order of the High Court as also that of the Deputy Director of
Consolidation and restore the order of the Settlement Officer (Consolidation)
dated 24-1-1968.
In the circumstances of this case, there will
be no order as to costs.
N.V.K. Appeal allowed.
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