Gian Singh Mann Vs. The High Court of
Punjab and Haryana & ANR [1980] INSC 158 (22 August 1980)
PATHAK, R.S.
PATHAK, R.S.
KRISHNAIYER, V.R.
CITATION: 1980 AIR 1894 1981 SCR (1) 507 1980
SCC (4) 266
CITATOR INFO :
RF 1992 SC1020 (19)
ACT:
Promotion-Belated claim after eleven years
without valid explanation for delay cannot be entertained-Article 32 of the
Constitution-Punjab Civil Service (Premature Retirement) Rules, 1975 do apply
to the judicial service- Words and Phrases "public interest"-Whether
the expression is vague in the context of Premature Retirement Rules of
1965-Withdrawal of judicial work as a policy decision of the High Court cannot
be challenged-The concept of premature retirement does not fall within the
scope of Article 311.
HEADNOTE:
The petitioner after holding a number of
minor posts in the Punjab Government, was appointed to the Punjab Civil Service
(Executive Branch) and subsequently in April 1965 to the Punjab Civil Service
(Judicial Branch). From the post of Senior Subordinate-Judge he was reverted as
Subordinate- Judge. Later, on 4th November, 1978, the High Court ordered
withdrawal of all judicial work from the petitioner and on 8th November, 1978 a
Judicial officer was posted in his place. Subsequently he was prematurely retired
with effect from 30th December, 1978 on which date he completed 25 years
qualifying service for the purposes of Punjab Civil Service (Premature
Retirement) Rules, 1975. The petitioner then filed a writ petition under
Article 32 of the Constitution in the Supreme Court for the quashing of the
orders dated 4th November, 1978 and 8th November, 1978, for his reappointment
as Senior Subordinate-Judge and, thereafter, his promotion to the Selection
Grade post of the Punjab Civil Service (Judicial Branch) with effect from 1st
November, 1966 and his promotion to the Punjab Superior Judicial Service with
effect from 1st November, 1967. He also claimed an injunction against his
premature retirement from service, which relief was refused.
Dismissing the petition, the Court.
HELD: (1) Inordinate delay without valid
explanation therefor to the claim for promotion itself is a valid ground for
refusal of relief to a petitioner. Successive representations made by the
petitioner during the period can hardly justify the delay. [509F] (2) The High
Court was justified, as borne out by the records, not promoting the petitioner
to a post in the Punjab Superior Judicial Service. The view of the High Court
was neither unreasonable nor arbitrary. [510A-B] (3) The Punjab Civil Service
(Premature Retirement) Rules, 1975 are applicable to judicial officers as well.
These rules were finalised after consultation
with the High Court and therefore, must be regarded as complying with Article
234 of the Constitution. Further, there is nothing in the Punjab Civil Service
(Judicial Branch) which excludes the operation of the Retirement Rules. [510 E]
508 (4) As a policy decision was taken by the High Court that all the work
pending in the court of the Judicial officers, in respect of whom a
recommendation for premature retirement had been made to the Governor, should
be withdrawn immediately pending a decision by the Government on such
recommendation, it cannot be said that the withdrawal of judicial powers in the
case of the petitioner was wrong. Even his premature retirement had been
properly recommended as a policy matter under the Premature Retirement Rules.
[510G-H] (5) The expression "public interest" in the context of
premature retirement has a well settled meaning. It refers to cases where the
interest of public administration requires the retirement of a Government
servant, who with the passage of years, has prematurely ceased to possess the
standard of efficiency, competence and utility called for by the Government
service to which he belongs. No stigma or implication of misbehavior is
intended and punishment is not the objective. [511A-B] (6) There is no
discrimination or violation of Articles 14, 16, 17 and 46 of the Constitution
in view of the fact, as borne out by the records, that no other judicial
officer whose record of service was inferior or equivalent to that of the
petitioner had not been prematurely retired. [511 F, D] (7) The concept of
premature retirement which has found expression in the Punjab Civil Service
(Premature Retirement) Rules, 1975, does not fall within the scope of Article
311. No element of punishment is involved in premature retirement and Article
311 therefore is not attracted. [511 E]
ORIGINAL JURISDICTION: Writ Petition No. 4659
of 1979 (Under Article 32 of the Constitution.) G. S. Mann for the Petitioner.
Har Dev Singh for the Respondents.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
PATHAK, J.-The petitioner applies for relief under Article 32 of the
Constitution against the orders of the High Court of Punjab and Haryana
withdrawing judicial work assigned to him and thereafter prematurely retiring
him from service.
The petitioner, after holding a number of
minor posts in the Punjab Government, was appointed to the Punjab Civil Service
(Executive Branch) and subsequently in April, 1965 migrated to the Punjab Civil
Service (Judicial Branch). He remained a Judicial officer thereafter. The
petitioner claims that he was entitled to promotion to a Selection Grade post
in the Punjab Civil Service (Judicial Branch) and subsequently to a post in the
Punjab Superior Judicial Service. The claim was based in both cases on the
footing that a post had been reserved in the two services for a member of the
Scheduled Castes. It was also asserted that the petitioner was entitled to the
posts even 509 without reference to such reservation. The petitioner's case is
that his service record was uniformly good, but as the High Court was actuated
by mala fides it refused him promotion. He cites some instances to support the allegation
of mala fides, including the circumstance that having been appointed to the
post of Senior Subordinate Judge he was "reverted" as Subordinate
Judge. On 4th November, 1978 the High Court ordered withdrawal of all judicial
work from the petitioner and on 8th November, 1978 a Judicial officer was
posted in his place. The petitioner then filed the present writ petition for
the quashing of the orders dated 4th November, 1978 and 8th November, 1978, for
his reappointment as Senior Subordinate Judge and, thereafter, his promotion to
the Selection Grade post of the Punjab Civil Service (Judicial Branch) with
effect from 1st November, 1966 and his promotion to the Punjab Superior
Judicial Service with effect from 1st November, 1967. He also claimed an injunction
against his premature retirement from service.
This Court entertained the writ petition but
declined to grant interim relief. On 29th December. 1978 the Punjab Government,
accepting the recommendation of the High Court, sanctioned the premature retirement
of the petitioner from the Punjab Civil Service (Judicial Branch) with effect
from 30th December, 1978 on which date the petitioner completed twenty five
years qualifying service for the purposes of the Punjab Civil Service
(Premature Retirement) Rules, 1965.
In regard to the petitioner's claim for
promotion to the Selection Grade post in the Punjab Civil Service (Judicial
Branch) with effect from 1st November, 1966, and to a post in the Punjab
Superior Judicial Service with effect from 1st May, 1967 on the basis that a
post had been reserved in each of the services for a member of the Scheduled
Castes, it seems to us that the claim is grossly belated. The writ petition was
filed in this Court in 1978, about eleven years after the dates from which the
promotions are claimed. There is no valid explanation for the delay.
That the petitioner was making successive
representations during this period can hardly justify our overlooking the
inordinate delay. Relief must be refused on that ground. It is not necessary,
in the circumstances, to consider the further submission of the respondents
that the provision on which the petitioner relies as the basis of his claim is
concerned with the appointment only of members of the Scheduled Castes to posts
in the Punjab Superior Judicial Service and not to recruitment by promotion to
that service.
The petitioner has also claimed that even
without the advantage of reservation he is entitled to promotion to a Selection
Grade post in the Punjab Civil Service (Judicial Branch) and to a post in the
Punjab 510 Superior Judicial Service, and that the High Court should have
promoted him accordingly. The position taken in reply by the High Court is that
the character and quality of the petitioner's work and conduct, as evidenced by
confidential reports pertaining to him, did not justify his promotion having
regard to the guidelines laid down by the High Court.
We have personally examined the records in
respect of the petitioner, and we are unable to say that the view taken by the
High Court is unreasonable or arbitrary.
We may now examine the contention of the
petitioner that the order of premature retirement is invalid. He has assailed
the application of the Punjab Civil Service (Premature Retirement) Rules, 1975.
He urges that as a Judicial officer in the Punjab Civil Service (Judicial
Branch) he is not governed by these rules. It is true that originally rule 7 of
those Rules provided that they would not apply to persons belonging to any
judicial service of the State. But by notification dated 18th August, 1975, * *
* in exercise of the powers under Article 234 of the Constitution besides other
provisions, Rule 7 was substituted by another rule which did not exempt members
of the judicial service from the operation of the Premature Retirement Rules.
The Premature Retirement Rules were finalised after consultation with the High
Court and, therefore, must be regarded as complying with Article 234 of the
Constitution. There is nothing in the Punjab Civil Service (Judicial Branch) Rules
which excludes the operation of the Retirement Rules. We are therefore, not
satisfied that the Premature Retirement Rules cannot be applied to the case of
the petitioner.
It is urged by the petitioner that the High
Court, when it applied the Premature Retirement Rules, did not consider the
case of the petitioner on its facts. We have, however, the affidavit of the
Registrar of the High Court which states that the case of the petitioner was
considered by the High Court on 26th October, 1978, and having regard to the
policy laid down by the High Court it was decided to recommend to the
Government that the petitioner should be retired from service in the public
interest with effect from 30th December, 1978, the date on which he completed
twenty five years of qualifying service. At the same time it was decided as a
matter of policy by the High Court that all the work pending in the court of a
Judicial officer, in respect of whom a recommendation for premature retirement
had been made to the Government, should be withdrawn immediately pending a
decision by the Government on such recommendation.
It was in implementation of that policy that
the order directing withdrawal of judicial work from the petitioner was made.
511 It is next contended by the petitioner
that the expression "public interest" in the Premature Retirement
Rules is vague and the rule is for that reason ultra vires.
In our opinion, the expression in the context
of premature retirement has a well settled meaning. It refers to cases where
the interests of public administration require the retirement of a government
servant who with the passage of years has prematurely ceased to possess the
standard of efficiency, competence and utility called for by the government
service to which he belongs. No stigma or implication of misbehaviour is
intended, and punishment is not the objective. It appears to us to be beyond
dispute that the decision of the High Court to recommend the premature
retirement of the petitioner in the light of his record of service must be
regarded as falling within the scope of the expression "public
interest".
The petitioner also asserted that Judicial
officers whose record of service was inferior or equivalent to that of the
petitioner have not been prematurely retired, and have been retained in
service. The High Court, however, has stated that no such Subordinate Judge has
been retained in service. We see no reason why the High Court should not be
believed.
Another point raised by the petitioner is
that Article 311 of the Constitution has been violated by the Premature
Retirement Rules. We think that the concept of premature retirement which has
found expression in the Rules does not fall within the scope of Article 311. As
we have observed, no element of punishment is involved in premature retirement
and it is not possible to say that Article 311 is attracted.
The petitioner has justified the filing of
this writ petition under Article 32 of the Constitution on the plea that his
fundamental rights under Articles 14, 16, 17 and 46 are violated. We find no
substance at all in that plea.
The petitioner alleges mala fides on the part
of the High Court. It is a reckless allegation, and impossible to countenance.
There is nothing whatever to indicate that the High Court, as a body, was
motivated by mala fides against the petitioner. The instances alleged by the
petitioner in support of his allegation of mala fides fail to prove his case.
The High Court has offered a perfectly valid explanation in respect of each
instance. The petitioner points out that the High Court has refused to permit
encashment of unutilised earned leave. On 512 the material before us, we are
not satisfied that a case of mala fides has been made out.
These are the only points raised by the
petitioner which deserve consideration. There is no force in them.
The petition fails and is dismissed, but in
the circumstances there is no order as to costs.
V.D.K. Petition dismissed.
Back