Puwada Venkateswara Rao Vs. Chidamana
Venkata Ramana [1976] INSC 41 (8 March 1976)
BEG, M. HAMEEDULLAH BEG, M. HAMEEDULLAH RAY,
A.N. (CJ) SINGH, JASWANT
CITATION: 1976 AIR 869 1976 SCR (3) 551 1976
SCC (2) 409
CITATOR INFO :
RF 1978 SC1518 (14) RF 1979 SC1745 (17)
ACT:
Andhra Pradesh Building (Lease. Rent and
Eviction) Control Act, 1960-Eviction of tenant -Notice under s. 10 issued-
Whether notice under s. 106 Transfer of Property Act necessary.
Evidence-Party receipt of notice-Production
of postman- If necessary.
HEADNOTE:
The respondent-landlord filed a petition
under s. 10 of the Andhra Pradesh Building (Lease, Rent and Eviction) Control
Act, 1960, for the eviction of the appellant-tenant.
There was a compromise. Since the tenant
defaulted in payment of the rent thereafter, a registered notice terminating
the tenancy issued by the landlord, came back with an endorsement that the
appellant had refused to accept it. Later. the tenant was ordered to be
evicted. 'The tenant's appeal to the appellate court and then his revision
application to the High Court were rejected. Relying upon an earlier Division
Bench decision of that Court, the High Court held that the Act provided a
self-contained procedure for eviction of tenants, and therefore, compliance with
the provisions of s. 106, Transfer of Property Act was unnecessary.
Dismissing the tenant's appeal,
HELD: The High Court has correctly applied
the principle laid down by a Division Bench of that court in Mohan & ors.
v. S. Mohan Rao & Ors. [1969] An. P.R. Law Journal 351. [553-E] Raval &
Co. v. K. C. Ramacharndran & ors. [19741 2 SCR 629 @ 634 and Shri Hern
Chand v. Shrimali Sham Devi. ILR 1955 Puni. 36, referred to.
In Mangilal v. Sugan Chand Rathi [AIR 1955 SC
101] this Court was considering an entirely different kind of provision of
another Act in another State, and this case is distinguishable. In the context
of the remedy of ejectment by an ordinary civil suit it was held in that case
that the usual notice of termination _ of tenancy under- s. 106.
Transfer of Property Act was necesary. [553F
& D] boiler [In cases where a party denies receipt of registered notice it
is not always necessary to produce the postman who tried to effect service.
Denial of service by a party may be found to be incorrect from its own
admissions or conduct.
The decision of the Bombay High Court in M.
K. Patel v. Kundan Mal Chamanlal and that of the Calcutta High Court in Nirmal
Bala Devi. v. Provar Kumar Basu are reconcilable. The Calcutta High Court
applied a rebuttable presumption under s. 114, Evidence Act, that the letter
was received by the addressee in the ordinary course of blazons was refused by
him because the presumption from the endorsement made upon it had not been
repelled by any , evidence. In the Bombay case, the presumption had been held
to have been `J rebutted by the evidence of the defendant on oath so that it
meant that the plaintiff could not succeed without further evidence.] [554C-E]
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal
No. 2534 of 1969.
(Appeal by special leave from the judgment
and order dated the 19-8-1969 of the Andhra Pradesh High Court at Hyderabad in
C.R.P. No. 2190 of 1968.) P. P. Juneja, for the appellant.
G. N. Rao, for the respondent.
552 The Judgment of the Court was delivered
by BEG J.-The defendant-appellant had taken a house on rent under a registered
lease dated 10th February, 1958, on a monthly rent of rent Rs. 250/- for a
period of five years for running a lodging house. It J is admitted by both
sides that in February, 1963, the lease had expired. According to the landlord
respondent, the defendant-appellant had continued to hold over as a tenant
"on the same terms" by which he, presumably, meant that it was a
month to month tenancy.
The Andhra Pradesh Building (Lease, Rent and
Eviction) Control Act, 1960, (hereinafter referred to as 'the Act') came into
opera ton before the lease expired.
The appellant seemed to be constantly making
defaults in payments of rent. The landlord responden had, therefore, to file a
suit for arrears of rent in the Court of District Munsif, Visakhapatnam, which
was decreed on 4th April, 1962.
The landlord respondent had to file a
petition on 21st April, 1962, under Section 10 of the Act before the Rent
Controller, Visakhapatnam for the eviction of the appellant as no rent was paid
from 1st December, 1961 to 31st March, 1962. There was a compromise on 12th
October, 1962. The appellant agreed to clear arrears and to pay rents
regularly. The appellant, however, wailfully defaulted again in payments of
rent from September, 1963 to April, 1964. A notice dated 8th April, 1964, was
sent by registered post by the landlord respondent to the appellant terminating
his tenancy and calling upon him to pay up the arrears of rent and vacate the
house by the end of April, 1964. This came back with the endorsement that the
appellant was refusing to accept it. On 9th `` April, 1964, the respondent
filed another petition under Section 10 of the Act before the Rent Controller
of Visakhapatnam who ordered the eviction of the appellant after holding all
the flimsy defenses of the t appellant to be unsubstantiated. The Subordinate
Judge of Visakhapatnam dismissed the tenant's appeal on 23rd October, 1968. The
appellant's revision application to the High Court was also rejected on 19th
August, 1969.
The only question raised by the appellant
before us, in this appeal by special leave, is that no notice under Section 106
of the Transfer of Property Act had been served upon the appellant according to
the finding of the Andhra Pradesh High Court itself. It was, therefore, urged ,
that the petition under Section 10 of the Act could not succeed.
The Andhra Pradesh High Court had, however,
relied upon Ulligamma Ors. V. S. Mohan Rao & ors. (1), where a Division
Bench of that High Court had held that the Act, with which we are now
concerned, provided a procedure for eviction of tenants which was
self-contained so that no recourse to the provisions of Section 106 of the
Transfer of Property Act was necessary.
We may also refer here to the observations of
this Court. in Raval & Co. v. K. C. Ramachandran & ors.(2).
There, this Court noticed (1) (1969) 1 An.
P.R. Law Jolurnal 351.
(2) [197412 S.C.R. 629 @ 634 553 Shri Hem
Chand v. Shrmati Sham Devi(1), and pointed out "that it was held there
that the Act under consideration in that case provided the whole procedure for
obtaining the relief of ejectment, and, that being so, provisions of Section
106 of the Transfer of Property Act had no relevance". No doubt the
decision mentioned with approval by this Court related to another enactment.
But, the principle indicated by this Court was the same as that applied by the
Andhra Pradesh High Court.
It is true that, in Mangilal v. Sugan. Chand
Rathi (Deceased) etc.(2), this Court has held that the provisions of Section 4
of the Madhya Pradesh Accommodation Control Act of 1955 do not dispense with
the requirement to comply with the provisions of Section 16 of the Transfer of
Property Act. In that case, however, Section 4 of the Madhya Pradesh Act merely
operated as a bar to an ordinary civil suit so that service of a notice under
Section 106 of the Transfer of Property Act became relevant in considering
whether an ordinary civil suit filed on a ground which constituted an exception
to the bar contained in Section 4 had to be preceded by a notice under Section
106 of the Transfer of Property Act. In the context of the remedy of ejectment
by an ordinary civil suit, it was held that the usual notice of termination of
tenancy under Section long of the Transfer of Pro- party Act was necessary to
terminate a tenancy as a condition precedent to the maintainability of such a
suit.
In the case before us, the respondent
landlord relied upon a provision for special summary proceedings for eviction
of tenants under an Act which contains all the requirements for those
proceedings. We, therefore think that the learned Judge of the Andhra Pradesh
High Court had correctly applied the principle laid down by a Division Bench
decision of that Court. He rightly distinguished such a case from Mangilal's
case (supra), where an entirely different kind of provision of another Act in
another State was being considered by this Court. The Division Bench decision
of the High Court, applied by the learned Judge, had, we think, enunciated the
correct principle.
A question raised before us by learned
Counsel for the respondent is whether the notice sent by the respondent-
landlord could be held not to have been served at all simply because the
postman, who had made the endorsement of refusal, had not been produced. The
Andhra Pradesh High Court had relied upon Meghji Kanji Patel v. Kundanmal
Chamanlal (a), to hold that the notice was not served.
There, a writ of summons, sought to be served
by registered post, had been returned with the endorsement "refused".
The Bombay High Court held G that the presumption of service had been repelled
by the defendant's statement on oath that he had not refused it as it was never
brought to him. In this state of evidence, it was held that, unless the postman
was produced, the statement of the defendant on oath must prevail. An (1)
I.L.R. [1955] Punj. 36. (2) A.I.R. 1965 SC 101.
(3) A.I.R. 1968 Bombay 387.
3-608SCI/76 554 ex-paste decree, passed on
the basis of such an alleged service was, therefore, set aside. On facts found,
the view expressed could not be held to be incorrect.
In Nirmalabala Debi v. Provat Kumar Basa(1),
it was held by the Calcutta High Court, that a letter sent by registered post,
with the endorsement "refused" on the cover, could be presumed to
have been duly served upon the addressee without examining the postman who had
tried to effect service. What was held there was that the mere fact that the
latter had come back with the endorsement "refused" could not raise a
presumption of failure to serve. On the other hand, the presumption under
section 114 of the Evidence Act would be that, in the ordinary course of
business, it was received by the addressee and actually refused by him. This is
also a correct statement of the law.
The two decisions are reconcilable. The
Calcutta High Court applied a rebuttable presumption which had not been
repelled by any evidence. In the Bombay case, the presumption had been held to
have been rebutted by the evidence of the defendant on oath so that it meant
that the plaintiff could not succeed without further evidence. The Andhra
Pradesh High Court had applied the ratio disdained of the Bombay case because
the defendant-appellant before us had deposed that he had not received the
notice. It may be that, on a closer examination of evidence on record, the
Court could have reached the conclusion that the defendant had full knowledge
of the notice and had actually refused it knowingly. It is not always
necessary, in such cases, to produce the postman who tried to effect service.
The denial of service by a party may be found to be incorrect from its own
admissions or conduct. We do not think it necessary to go into this question
any further as we agree with the High Court on the first point argued before
us.
Consequently, this appeal is dismissed with
costs.
P.B.R. Appear dismissed.
(1) 52 C.W.N. 659.
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