The Commissioner of Income-Tax, West
Bengal, II Calcutta Vs. M/S. Naga Hills Tea Co. Ltd. [1973] INSC 27 (8 February
1973)
HEGDE, K.S.
HEGDE, K.S.
REDDY, P. JAGANMOHAN KHANNA, HANS RAJ
CITATION: 1973 AIR 2524 1973 SCR (3) 510 1973
SCC (4) 200
ACT:
Finance Act, 1959, First Schedule, Part II,
Paragraph DCarry over of unabsorbed rebate-Scope of.
HEADNOTE:
For the assessment year 1959-60 the tot-at
income of the assessee company was utilised and a rebate was allowed, on the
corporation tax payable by it, under the provisions of Finance Act, 1959.
Thereafter, that rebate was wiardrawn on the ground that there was an
unabsorbed reduction of rebate in the assessment year 1957-58. For the
assessment year 1958-59 the assessee's assessment disclosed a loss and. no
corporation tax was legal for that year. It was contended by the assessee that
the unabsorbed reduction in rebate for the year 1957-58 could only be carried
forward and set off against the rebate for the assessment year 1958-1959 under
the provisions of Finance Act, 1958, and as there was no rebate available for
the assessment year 1958-59 the unabsorbed reduction in rebate exhausted itself
and could not be 'further set off against the rebate available in' the
assessment year 1959-60. The contention was rejected by the Income-tax Officer
and the Appellate Assistant Commissioner.
The Tribunal and the High Court in reference,
however, held in favour of the assessee.
Dismissing the appeal to this Court,
HELD : It is a clear from paragraph D of Part
II of the First Schedule to the Finance Act, 1959, that it does not provide for
carryover of any unabsorbed rebate from year to year. All that the provision
provides for is that if there is any unabsorbed reduction of rebate in the
assessment year 1958-59, then that can be taken into consideration while
allowing rebate in the assessment year 1959-60. A power in favour of the
revenue to take into consideration any unabsorbed reduction in rebate for any
year prior to 1958-59 cannot be read into the provision. At any rate the view
taken by the High Court appears to-be a reasonable one, and, it a provision of
taxing statute can be reasonably interpreted in two ways that interpretation
which is favourable to the assessee must be accepted [513F-H; 514D-E]
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal
No. 496 of 970.
Appeal by Certificate from the Judgment and
order dated August 13, 1964 of the Calcutta High Court at Calcutta in Income
tax Reference No. 148 of 1966.
T. A. Ramachandran, S. P. Nayar and R. N.
Sachthey, for the appellant.
B. Sen, Lellu Seth, O. P. Khaitan and B. P.
Maheshwari, for the respondent.
511 The Judgment of the Court was delivered
by HEGDE, J. This. appeal by certificate arises from the decision of the
Calcutta High Court in a reference under section 66(1) of the Indian Income-tax
Act 1922 (to be hereinafter referred to as the 'Act'). The question referred to
the High Court for its its opinion reads :
"Whether, on the facts and in the
circumstances of the case, the Tribunal was right in holding that the assessee,
having not been assessed to super-tax for the assessment year 1958-59, the
unabsorbed reduction in rebate under clause (i) (a) of the second proviso to
Paragraph D of Part II of the First Schedule to the Finance Act, 1957, could
not be set off against the rebate available to the assessee under the Finance
Act 1959, and that accordingly the Income-tax Officer was not justified in
reducing the rebate of Rs.
16,114/available to the assessee for the
assessment year 1959-60 ?" Following its earlier decision in Commissioner
of Income Tax, West Bengal-I v. Deoria Sugar Mills Ltd., (1) the high Court
answered that question in favour of the assessee.
Aggrieved by that decision the Commissioner
of Income Tax for West Bengal has brought this appeal.
The facts material for the purpose of
deciding this question as could be gathered from, the case stated by the
Tribunal may now be set out. The assessment year with which we are concerned in
this case is 1959-60; the relevant accounting year being the calendar year 1958.
The assessee is a Tea Company. For the assessment year 1959-60 it was assessed
to a total income of Rs. 55,257/-. The Corporation tax payable by the assessee
on that amount was computed at Rs. 26,357/-.
On that a rebate of Rs. 16,114/was allowed under
the provisions of the Finance Act 1959. Thereafter that rebate was withdrawn by
the Income Tax Officer on the ground that there was an unabsorbed reduction of
rebate amounting to Rs.27,144/in the assessment year 1957-58. While making
assessment for the assessment year 1959-60 the Income Tax Officer reduced the
rebate to nil by taking into consideration the unabsorbed reduction of rebate
in the assessment year 1957-58. At this stage it may be noted that in the
assessee's assessment for the assessment year 1958-59 the loss of Rs. 73,920/was
determined and no corporation tax was levied for that year.
It was contended before the Income-tax
Officer that the unabsorbed reduction in rebate for the year 1957-58 could only
be (1) 80 I.T.R. 408.
512 carried forward and set off against the
rebate for the assessment year 1958-59 under the provision of the Finance Act,
1958, and as there was no rebate available for the assessment year 1958-59, the
unabsorbed reduction in rebate exhausted itself and could not be further set
off against the rebate available for the assessment year 1959-60. This
contention 'Was rejected by the Income-tax Officer. In appeal, the Appellate
Assistant Commissioner confined the decision of the Income-tax Officer but an a
further appeal being taken to the Tribunal the Tribunal accepted the contention
of the assessee and thereafter, at the instance of the Commissioner, the
question formulated above was referred to the High Court. As mentioned earlier,
the High Court has answered that question in favour of the assessee.
We may now read the relevant provisions of
the Finance Act, 1959. They are found in Paragraph D of Part II of the First
Schedule to the Finance Act, 1959 and are as under "In the case of the
Life Insurance Corporation of India established under the Life Insurance
Corporation Act, 1956 (XXXI of 1956),RATE OF SUPER-TAX On the whole of its
profits and gains . 11% from life insurance business.
In the case of every other company,RATE OF
SUPER-TAX On the whole of the total income 50% Provided that,(i) a rebate at
the rate of 40 percent on so much of the total income as consists of
dividendsfrom a subsidiary Indian company and a rebate at the rate of 35 per
cent on the balance of the total,income shall be allowed in the case of any
company which(a)in respect of its profits liable to tax under the Income-tax
Act for the year ending on the 3 1st day of March, 1960, has made the
prescribed arrangements for the declaration and payment within India of the
dividends payable out of such profits and for the deduction of super-tax from
dividends in.
accordance with the provisions of sub-section
(3D) of section 18 of that Act; and (b)is such a company as is referred to in
subsection (9) of section 23A of the Income tax Act with a total income not
exceeding Rs.
25,000;
513 (ii)a rebate at the rate of 40 per cent
on so much of the total income as consists of dividends from a subsidiary
Indian company and a rebate at the rate of 30% on the balance of the total
income shall be allowed in the case of any company which satisfied condition
(a) but not condition (b) of the preceding clause(iii)a rebate at the rate of
40% on so much of the total income as consists of dividends from a subsidiary
Indian company and a rebate at the rate of 20% on the balance of the total
income shall be allowed in the case of any company not entitled to a rebate
under either of the preceding clauses Provided further that,(1)the amount of
the rebate under clause (i) or clause (ii) shall be reduced by the sum, if any,
equal to the amount or the aggregate of the amounts, as the case may be,
computed as. hereunder (a)on that part of the aggregate of the sums arrivedat
in accordance with clause (i) of the second provision to paragraph D of Part II
of the First Schedule to the Finance Act, 1958 (XI of 1958), as has not been
deemed to have been taken into account, in accordance with clause (ii) of the
said-proviso, for the purpose of reducing the rebate mentioned in clause (i) of
the said proviso to nil;
(b)......................
At the outset we may mention that the
provision of law is extremely confusing. It required more than one reading on
our part to understand what it means. One thing is clear from the provision,
namely, it does not provide for carryover of any unabsorbed rebate from year to
year. Mr. Ramachandran contended that when the Finance Act says "on that
part of the aggregate of the sums arrived at in accordance with clause (i) of
the second proviso to Paragraph D of Part 11 of the First Schedule to the
Finance Act 1958 (Act XI of 1958) as has not been deemed to have been taken
into account, in accordance with clause (ii) of the said proviso, for the
purpose of reducing the rebate mentioned-in clause (i) of the said proviso to
nil" it means that the unabsorbed deduction of rebate can be carried
forward until it is reduced to nil. We are unable to accept this contention as
correct. In our opinion, all that provision provides for is that if there is
any unabsorbed reduction of rebate in the assessment year 1958-59, then that
can be taken into consideration while allowing rebate in the assessment year
1959-60. We 514 are unable to read into the provision in question a power to
the Revenue to take into consideration any unabsorbed reduction in rebate for
any year prior to 1958-59. That is the view taken by the Calcutta High Court in
the case mentioned earlier. The Calcutta High Court opined in that case that
the second proviso to Paragraph D of Part 11 of the First Schedule to the
Finance Act, 1959 provides that the amount of rebate to be allowed under
clauses (i) and (ii) of the first proviso thereto has to be reduced to the sum,
if any, equal to the amount or, the aggregate of the amount, as the case may
be, computed in the manner set out in the second proviso. It further observed :
"Now clause (i) (a) of the second
proviso refers to the aggregate of the sums arrived at in accordance with
clause (i) of the second proviso to Paragraph D of Part 11 of the First
Schedule to the Finance Act of 1958" The aforesaid proviso in 1958 Act,
therefore, can apply only when there was a total income in terms of 1958 Act
and certain reduction from that total income remained unabsorbed. in 1958. If a
particular assessee had suffered loss in 1958, there was no income to which a
rate of super-tax prescribed in the 1958 Act could be applied and if no rate of
super-tax was applicable, there was no question of rebate or reduction in
rebate to be allowed under the 1958 Act." We are in entire agreement with
the view expressed therein. At any rate the view taken by the High Court
appears to be a reasonable view. If a provision of a Taxing Statute can be
reasonably interpreted in two ways, that interpretation which is favourable to
the assessee, has got to be accepted.
This is a well accepted view of law.
In the result this appeal fails and the same
is dismissed with costs.
V.P.S. Appeals dismissed.
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