State of Punjab Vs. Jagir Singh &
Ors [1973] INSC 131 (6 August 1973)
KHANNA, HANS RAJ KHANNA, HANS RAJ
ALAGIRISWAMI, A.
CITATION: 1973 AIR 2407 1974 SCR (1) 328 1974
SCC (3) 277
CITATOR INFO:
RF 1973 SC2773 (25) R 1977 SC 472 (13) R 1983
SC 867 (25)
ACT:
Criminal practice and procedure-Appreciation
of evidence and sentence.
HEADNOTE:
The respondents were convicted of murder and
sentenced to death. The High Court acquitted them in appeal.
In appeal to this Court, setting aside the
acquittal,
HELD : (1) A criminal trial is not like a
fairy tale wherein one is free to give flight to one's imagination and
phantasy. It concerns itself with the question as to whether the accused
arraigned at the trial is guilty of the crime with which he is charged. Crime is
an event in real life and is the product of interplay of different human
emotions. In arriving at the conclusion about the guilt of the accused charged
with the commission of a crime, the court has to judge the evidence by the
yardstick of probabilities, its intrinsic worth and the animus of witnesses.
Every case in the final analysis would have to depend upon its own facts.
Although the benefit of every reasonable doubt should be given to the accused,
the courts should not at the same time reject evidence which is ex facie
trustworthy on grounds which are fanciful or in the nature of conjectures.
[337F-H] In the present case, the High Court has rejected the prosecution
evidence which was ex facie of a convincing nature on grounds which partake of
the nature of conjectures and surmises. The view taken by the High Court is
manifestly unreasonable and has resulted in miscarriage of justice. A perusal
of the judgment of the High Court shows that in acquitting the accused
respondents, the High Court approached the entire matter in a spirit of
distrust and suspicion of the various officers who dealt with the case.
[337H-338B] (2) The High Court, while
rejecting the prosecution evidence, made unwarranted criticism couched in harsh
language about the magistrate who received the copy of F.I.R., the doctor, the
investigating officer and the Sessions Judge who tried the case. [337E-F] (3)
In view of the fact that more than two years had elapsed since the High Court
acquitted the respondents, it would be more appropriate to sentence the accused
to imprisonment for life instead of to the extreme penalty.
[338B-C]
CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal
Appeal No. 7 of 1972.
Appeal by special Leave from the judgment and
order dated 25-2-1971 of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in Crl. Appeal No.
1031/70.
A. N. Mulla and R. N. Sachthey, for the
appellant.
Nuruddin Ahmed and R. L. Kohli, for the
respondents.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
KHANNA, J. Nine accused Jagir Singh (27), Baljit Singh (36), Karam Singh (30),
Amarjit Singh (38), Atma Singh (27).
Chsnan Singh (22), Tarlok Singh (19),
Joginder Singh (22) and Swarn Singh (23) were tried in the court of Sessions
Judge Gurdasnur in connection, with an occurrence which took place on July 8,
1948 in village Longowal Khurd. In the course of that occurrence Labh Singh
(35), Joginder Singh (30,) and Lakha Singh (25) received fatal in329 juries.
Injuries were also received by Ajit Singh, Jarnail Singh, Mohinder Singh and
Harbans Singh PWs. Learned Sessions Judge convicted Jagir Singh and Baljit
Singh under section 302 Indian Penal Code on two counts for causing the death
of Joginder Singh and Lakha Singh deceased and sentenced them to death on each
count. The said two accused were also convicted under section 302 read with
section 34 Indian Penal Code in connection with the murder of Labh Singh and
were sentenced to undergo imprisonment for life on that account. In addition to
that, the aforesaid two accused were convicted under section 307 Indian Penal
Code on four counts for the injuries caused to Mohinder Singh, Ajit Singh,
Jarnail Singh and Harbans Singh PWs and were sentenced to undergo rigorous
imprisonment for a period of three years on each count. Karam Singh accused was
convicted under section 302 Indian Penal Code for causing the death of Labh
Singh deceased and was sentenced to death.
In connection with the death of Joginder
Singh and Lakha Singh, Karam Singh was convicted under section 302 read with
section 34 Indian Penal Code on two counts and was sentenced to undergo
imprisonment for life. Karam Singh was, in addition, convicted under section
307 read with section 34 Indian Penal Code for injuries caused to Ajit Singh,
Jarnail Singh, Mohinder Singh and Harbans Singh and was sentenced to undergo
rigorous imprisonment for a period of three years on each count. The remaining
six accused were acquitted by the, Sessions Judge. On appeal and reference, the
Punjab and Haryana High Court acquitted Jagir Singh, Baljit Singh and Karam
Singh by giving them the benefit of doubt. The State of Punjab has now come up
in appeal to this Court by special leave against the judgment of the High Court
acquitting the above mentioned three accused respondents.
Out of the nine accused, Karam Singh, Amarjit
Singh and Baljit Singh are brothers. Likewise, Jagir Singh, Joginder Singh and
Tarlok Singh accused are brothers. Chanan Singh accused, who is a constable in
the Border Security Force, add Swarn Singh accused too are brothers. Atma Singh
accused is the maternal uncle of Jagir Singh. Amongst the three deceased
persons, Labh Singh and Joginder Singh were brothers. Chanan Singh (PW 8) and
Mohinder Singh (PW 27) are the brothers of those two deceased persons. Harbans
Singh (PW 21 ) is brother of Lakha Singh deceased.
The prosecution case is that the relations
between the party of the accused and that of the deceased persons were strained
for about 10 or 12 years before the occurrence, and the two groups had since
then been involved in a number of cross criminal cases. About two years before
the occurrence, Lakha Singh deceased along with some others had caused injuries
to Atma Singh and Puran Singh, uncle of Jagir Singh accused. A criminal case
was on that account pending in. the court of Magistrate Batala. July 8, 1968
was the date of hearing in that case and on that day Chanan Singh (PW 8)
accompanied Lakha Singh to the court at Batala for pursuing that case. After
the proceedings of the case were over, Chanan Singh (PW 8) came back with Lakha
Singh deceased to his house in village Longowal Khurd. Longowal Khurd is at a
distance of about two-and-a-half miles from Batala. The house of Labh Singh
deceased was at a short distance from that 330 of Lakha Singh in Longowal
Khurd. Chanan Singh (PW 8) himself lived in Longowal Kalan which is at a
distance of about two and a half furlongs from Longowal Khurd.
When Chanan Singh (PW 8) was still present at
the house of Lakha Singh deceased, it is stated, they heard the noise of
changars (challenging shouts) from near the, house of Labh Singh deceased.
Hearing the noise of changars, Lakha Singh deceased and his brother Harbans
Singh, (PW 21) went to the house of Labh Singh. Chanan Singh PW also followed
them to the house. of Labk Singh. On arrival there Chanan Singh (PW 8) found
Labh Singh, Joginder Singh and Lahha Singh deceased as well as Ajit Singh (PW
19), Jarnail Singh (PW 22), Mohinder Singh (PW 27), Harbans Singh (PW 21), Bawa
Singh (PW 25) and Chanan Singh (PW 26), present in the courtyard of Labh Sigh's
house. Joginder Kaufman, wife of Labh Singh, and Harbans Kaur, wife of Bawa
Singh, too were present there. The nine accused are then stated to have come
near the compound wall of the courtyard of Labh Singh's house.
The compound wall was about sixand-a-half
feet high from outside and four-and-a half feet high from inside because the
courtyard was at a higher level than the ground outside.
At the instigation of Tarlok Singh, Atma
Singh and Swarn Singh accused, it is stated, Jagir Singh and Baljit Singh
accused threw one hand-grenade each into the courtyard of Labh Singh's house.
Both the hand-grenades exploded in the courtyard as a result of which Labh
Singh, Joginder Singh and Lakha Singh deceased and Mohinder Singh, Jarnail
Singh, Ajit Singh and Harbans Singh PWs received injuries. All the nine accused
then came inside the courtyard of the house of Labh Singh deceased. Karam Singh
and Amarjit Singh accused were armed with spears. Tarlok Singh, Joginder Singh,
Atma Singh, Chanan Singh and Swarn Singh accused had kirpans, while Jagir Singh
and Baljit Singh were empty handed. Karam Singh accused on arrival delivered a
spear blow in the left flank of Labh Singh deceased. Amarjit Singh accused also
gave a spear blow on the right arm of Labh accused dealt a kirpan blow on the
nose of Harbans Singh PW, while Chanan Singh accused gave a blow with his
sheathed kirpan on the back of Mohinder Singh PW. Swarn Singh accused stepped
towards Chanan Singh,. (PW 8) for attacking him with a kirpan whereupon Chanan
Singh (PW 8) took up a panda from the courtyard of Labh Singh and brandished it
towards Swarn Singh. One blow with that danda was given on the left shoulder of
Swarn Singh accused. Those present in the courtyard also raised alarm whereupon
the nine accused ran away.
Some water was then poured into the mouth of
Labh Singh, but he succumbed to the injuries received by Mm. Mohinder Singh and
Harbans Singh PWs then brought a cart from the house of Charlie Singh (PW 8).
Lakha Singh and Joginder Singh deceased were laid an that cart. Chanan Singh
(PW 8), Harbans Singh, Sarjan Singh and Mohinder Singh then took that cart to
Batala hospital. When they arrived near the hospital, Chanan Singh (PW 8) went
to police station Sadar Batala and lodged there report P.A. at 11.15 p.m.
331 Sub Inspector Kehar Singh (PW 30) then went
to the hospital.
Before doing so, the Sub Inspector deputed
two Assistant Sub Inspectors and four constables to proceed to the place of
occurrence. Sub Inspector Kehar Singh found Lakha Singh and Joginder Singh
present in the hospital. Their injuries were being examined by Dr. N. S.
Dhillon when the Sub Inspector arrived there. On the applications of the Sub
Inspector, Dr. Dhillon made an endorsement that Joginder Singh and Lakha Singh
were in fit condition to make statements. The Sub Inspector then deputed a head
constable to call the magistrate having jurisdiction in the area. It was
raining heavily at that time and as the magistrate did not arrive, the Sub
Inspector recorded the dying declarations of Lakha Singh and Joginder Singh in
the presence of Dr. Dhillon.
The condition of Lakha Singh and Joginder
Singh was found to be serious and so they were sent to V. J. Hospital Amritsar.
Sub Inspector Kehar Singh then went from
Batala hospital to the place of occurrence and reached there at 5 a.m. The Sub
Inspector found the dead body of Labh Singh lying on a cot.
The Sub Inspector prepared inquest report
relating to the dead body of Labh Singh. Blood-stained earth was taken into
possession from three places in the courtyard of Labh Singh's house. The, Sub Inspector
also took into possession lever PI, percussion cap P2 and four pieces of
exploded hand-grenade from the place of occurrence and put them into a sealed
parcel.
Injuries of Harbans Singh, Ajit Singh and
Jarnail Singh were examined by Dr. N. S. Dhillon on July 9. Harbans Singh was
found to have two lacerated wounds, one on his right index finger and the other
on the bridge of his nose. Both the injuries were grievous. Ajit Singh was
found to have one punctured wound with averted lacerated margins on his right
thigh, while Jarnail Singh had one lacerated wound on the right side of his
neck. The injuries of Ajit Singh and Jarnail Singh were found to be simple.
Mohinder Singh was examined by Dr. S. P. Mago on July 10, 1968 and was found to
have four simple injuries on his person.
Lakha Singh and Joginder Singh who were sent
to V. J.
Hospital Amritsar succumbed to their injuries
on July 10 and 11, 1968 respectively. Post mortem examination on the dead
bodies of Lakha Singh and Joginder Singh was performed by Dr. Narinder Mohan on
July 11, 1968.
The lever, precussion cap and the other parts
of the handgrenades which had been recovered from the place of occurrence were
sent to PW 20 Shri J. M. John, Senior Inspector of Explosives. Shri John
expressed the opinion that the above articles were the remnants of an exploded
hand-grenade.
At the trial the plea of the nine accused was
denial simpliciter. Chanan Singh and Swarn Singh accused, in the course of
their statements ' also added that they had heard changers on the night of
occurrence at about 10 p.m. from the direction of guru dwarf. The explosion of
a bomb was also heard at that time but these two accused did not stir out of
their houses. Defence evidence was led on behalf of the accused. The purport of
the defence evidence was that one 332 Bachan Singh had been admitted into
Batala Hospital with multiple injuries on the night between July 8 and 9, 1968.
A metallic substance was thereafter recovered
from the body of Bachan Singh on July 20, 1968. Defence evidence was also led
to show that Labh Singh deceased, who was a bus driver of the Punjab Roadways,
was away to Pathankot at about 7 p.m. on the day of occurrence.
Learned Sessions Judge found that the
prosecution case against Joginder Singh, Baljit Singh and Karam Singh accused
had been proved beyond any shadow of doubt. He accepted the ocular evidence
produced in the case. Reliance was, however, not placed upon the dying
declarations of Lakha Singh and Joginder Singh. The remaining six accused were
given the benefit of doubt and were acquitted. The High Court on appeal and
reference acquitted Jagir Singh, Baljit Singh and Karam Singh also by giving
them the benefit of doubt for reasons which would be dealt with hereafter.
In appeal before us Mr. Mulla on behalf of
the appellant state has argued that the High Court was in error in setting
aside the conviction of the three accusedrespondents and the view taken by the
High Court was manifestly unreasonable. As against that Mr. Nuruddin on behalf
of the respondents has canvassed for the correctness of the view taken by the
High Court. There is, in our opinion, considerable force in the stand taken on
behalf of the appellant. The evidence of Dr. Dhillon, who performed postmortem
examination on the body of Labh Singh, shows that there were five injuries on
the body of the deceased. Out of them, three could be caused with a
hand-grenade, while two had been caused with a sharp pointed weapon. One of the
last two mentioned injuries was a punctured incised wound on the back of the
right forearm, while the other injury.was as under :
"Punctured incised wound
1"X3/4" with clean cut margins, over 5th rib and 5th left intercostal
space in mid axillary line with fracture of 5th rib, puncture of left lung near
the fissure, went through the entire lung, cross punctured the walls of left
auricle, haematoma over the lung and pleural cavity pleura punctured left side,
pericardium puncture".
The above mentioned injury was sufficient in
ordinary course of nature to cause death. The evidence of Dr. Narinder Mohan,
who performed postmortem examination on the bodies of Joginder Singh and Lakha
Singh, shows that Joginder Singh had three lacerated wounds which could be
caused with a hand-grenade. Likewise, Lakha Singh had two injuries which could
be caused with a hand-grenade. The following injury of Joginder Singh was
sufficient in ordinary course of nature to cause death :
"A penetrating wound 1-1/2"
roundish, with lacerated margins 1"' to the left of the midepigastric line
3" above the umbilicus with omentum seen out of the wound. There was no
charring of the margins." 333 In the case of Lakha Singh, the fatal injury
was in the abdominal cavity. Operation had been performed at the site of the
injury in an attempt to save Lakha Singh.
According to the prosecution case, the
hand-grenade injuries to the three deceased persons and injured prosecution
witnesses were caused by Jagir Singh and Baljit Singh accused when they threw
the handgrenades in the courtyard of Labh Singh's house. It is further the case
of the prosecution that the fatal punctured incised wound in mid axillary line
of Labh Singh deceased was caused by Karam Singh accused when he gave the spear
blow to Labh Singh deceased. The prosecution in support of the above
allegations has examined Chanan Singh (PW 9), Ajit Singh (PW 19), Harbans Singh
(PW 21), Jarnail Singh (PW 22), Bawa Singh (PW 25), Chanan Singh s/o Sawan
Singh (PW 26) and Mohinder Singh (PW 27) as eye witnesses of the occurrence.
There appears, in our opinion. to be no
cogent ground as to why the evidence of the above mention'ed witnesses.
regarding the complicity of the
accused-respondents be not accepted. It is, no doubt, true as pointed out by
Mr. Nuruddin, that these witnesses belong to the party of the deceased but that
fact, in our opinion, would only make the court scrutinise the evidence of
these witnesses more closely. If their evidence can stand that test, as it does
in the present case, there is no reason why it should not be acted upon. Some
of the witnesses are close relatives of the deceased persons and it is most
difficult to believe that they would spare the real assailants and falsely
mention the names of innocent persons as having caused the injuries to the
deceased persons. Four of the eye witnesses, namely, Ajit Singh (PW 19),
liarbans Singh (PW 21), Jarnail Singh (PW 22) and Mohinder Singh (PW 27)
received injuries during the course of the present occurrence and there can be
hardly any manner of doubt regarding their presence at the scene of occurrence.
It is not possible to accept the contention that these witnesses in spite of
the attack upon them and the three deceased persons failed to fix the identity
of the assailants.
Another fact of which note should be taken is
that the first information report in this case was lodged at 11.15 p.m., within
a few hours of the occurrence. Although Mr. Nuruddin has urged that there was
delay in lodging the first information report, we find it difficult to accept
this submission. The occurrence, according to the prosecution case, took place
at 7.15 p.m. As a result of the occurrence, Labh Singh died soon thereafter,
while Joginder Singh and Lakha Singh received serious injuries. In addition to
that, four prosecution witnesses also received injuries. It is plain that the
prosecution witnesses must have got stunned because of the sudden occurrence in
the course of which three of their close relatives received injuries which
ultimately proved fatal and four others were also injured.
Attempt was made to pour water into the mouth
of Labh Singh deceased but Labh Singh died soon thereafter. It must have taken
some time for Chanan Singh and others to get out of the state of shock and
regain their composure'. They then arranged for a cart which was brought from
Chanan Singh's house in Longowal Kalan. Joginder Singh and Lakha Singh were
then laid in that cart and the same was taken to Batala, at a distance of 334
two-and-a-half miles. It cannot, in the circumstances, be said that the period
of four hours which was taken in lodging the report at the police station was
in any way inordinately long. The fact that the first information report was
lodged at the time it Purports to have been done can also be not disputed
because the first lnformation report was received by the magistrate having
jurisdiction in the area at 1 a.m. as is borne out by the endorsement of the
magistrate on the report. The first information report, lodged at the police
station within a few hours of the occurrence, contained all the, material facts
and, in our opinion, the first information report lends considerable
corroboration to the ocular evidence adduced at the trial.
The defence suggestion which was put in the
cross examination of the prosecution witnesses was that a number of persons had
Collected near the village gurudwara when a hand-grenade exploded there and the
three deceased persons and the prosecution witnesses received injuries. This
suggestion, in the circumstances of the case, was, in our opinion, wholly
unfounded. The evidence of Sub Inspector Kehar Singh shows that when he arrived
at the scene of occurrence, he found the different pieces of exploded handgrenade
in the courtyard of the house of Labh Singh deceased. This fact would tend to
show that the explosion had taken place in the courtyard and not at the
gurudwar-.
It is also not clear as to what advantage the
prosecution would have derived in suppressing the actual place of occurrence
and in mentioning a wrong place of occurrence.
As would appear from the narration of facts,
only members of one party received injuries as a result of the explosion of
hand-grenade. If the hand-grenade had exploded in a large gathering near the
village gurudwara, it is not likely that the splinters from the exploded
hand-grenade would hit the members of only one party and avoid those not
belonging to that party. Labh Singh deceased at the time of the present
occurrence was wearing only a kachha besides a parna, on his head. It is not
likely that Labh Singh would have gone in that state without a shirt to the
gatliering near the village gurudwara. On the contrary, the fact that Labh
Singh was without a shirt points to the inference that the occurrence took
place in the courtyard of his house.
The High Court while rejecting the
prosecution evidence referred to the fact that in one of the plans, height of
the outer wall of the courtyard of Labb Singh's house was mentioned to be 6-1/2
ft. while in the other, it was mentioned to be 4-1/2 ft. This discrepancy has
been explained by Bal Kishan Draftsman (PW 9), whose evidence shows that the
level of the courtyard of Labh Singh's house was higher than the ground
outside. The height of the boundary wall consequently measured to be 6-1/2 ft
from outside and 4-1/2 ft from inside. No question was put to the witness in cross-examination,
and we can find no cogent reason as to why the evidence of Bal Kishan be not
accepted.
There could also, in our opinion, be no
difficulty for those present inside the courtyard from seeing as to who were
the persons who threw the hand-grenades, because a 41 ft high wall could not
obstruct their view in fixing the identity of the culprits.
335 Another circumstance which weighed with
'the High Court in rejecting the prosecution evidence was the nature of the
injury, on the nose of Harbans Singh (PW 21). According to the evidence of the
prosecution witnesses, the above injury had been caused with a kirpan by
Joginder Singh. The High Court took the view that the said injury had been
caused by a hand-grenade splinter. It was 'held that as the witnesses had
deposed that the injury had been caused by a kirpan blow, the evidence of the
witnesses was not trustworthy. In this respect we find that the evidence of Dr.
Dhillon shows that he expressed the opinion in answer to a police query that
the injury on the nose of Harbans Singh could have been caused with a kirpan.
It is, no doubt, true that Dr.
Dhillon also expressed the opinion that the
said injury could have been caused by a missile or other object, but this fact
would not necessarily show that the eye witnesses in this case have made false
statements regarding the injury on the nose of Harbans Singh. In order to draw
an inference about the falsity of the evidence of prosecution witnesses in this
respect, it is not enough to show that the injury on the nose of Harbans Singh
could have been caused either with a kirpan or with a missile, it is also
necessary to rule out the Possibility of the said injury having been caused
with a kirpan. The evidence of Dr. Dhillon plainly does not rule out such a possibility.
The High Court also appears to have been
impressed by the defence version that Labh Singh deceased was present in
Pathankot at about 7 p.m. on the day of occurrence.
Reliance in this context was placed upon tile
testimony of Radhey Sham (DW 3) who was conductor of Bus PNP 6972 and who has
deposed about Labh Singh having driven that bus to Pathankot on the, day of
occurrence and about that bus having reached Pathankot at 7 p.m. We find it
most difficult to accept this statement of Radhey Sham in the face of other
evidence brought on the record and the surrounding circumstances of the case.
Dalip Singh (PW 11) is a yard master of Punjab Roadways depot at Pathankot. The
evidence of this witness was given on the basis of the relevant records.
According to this witness, two drivers had been allotted for the bus in
question and they were Labli Singh deceased and Piara Singh (PW 12). Dalip
Singh's testimony shows that on the day of occurrence it was Piara Singh who
brought the bus in question to Pathankot at 7 p.m. As the evidence of this
witness is based upon the records , it is difficult to discard his testimony.
The evidence of Dalip Singh gets corroboration from the testimony of Piara
Singh who has deposed that when the said bus arrived at Batala at about 5 p.m.
on the day of occurrence on its way from Amritsar to Pathankot, the witness
relieved Labh Singh deceased. Labh Singn then got down from the-bus at Batala
and the witness took it to Pathankot. Another witness who has been examined on
the point is Yes Raj (DW 2), who was the booking clerk of the Punjab Roadways
office at Pathankot. According to this witness, the advance way bill of the bus
in question showed that its driver was Labh Singh when it left Amritsar for
Pthankot. The witness, however, admitted that the entry in the way bill was
made at the commencement of the journey. In the circumstances, the evidence of
the witness is quite consistent with Labh Singh having been relieved by Piara
Singh at Batala.
336 Labh Singh admittedly died during the course
of this occurrence. Had he been at Batala at 7 p.m. on the day of occurrence,
it is not likely that he could have reached his village before 9.30 or 10 p.m.
on the day of occurrence. It is in evidence that a bus takes two hours to
travel from Pathankot to Batala. It is difficult to believe that a report about
the occurrence at Longowal Khurd could have been lodged at Batala Sadar police
station at 11-15 p.m. if, in fact, the occurrence had taken place after 9.30 or
10 p.m.
We are also not impressed by the reasoning
that the occurrence took place at a late hour when it was not possible to fix
the identity of the assailants. The case of the prosecution, as mentioned
earlier, is that the occurrence took place at 7.15 p.m. The sun set on the day
of occurrence ,it 7.28 p.m. There was full moon on July 9 and the occurrence
took place a day earlier than that. As the occurrence took place before sun set
there could, in our opinion be no difficultly in fixing the identity of the
assailants. Even if the occurrence had taken place after the sun-set time,
there could still be no difficulty in finding out as to who the assailants
were. A number of persons were present in the courtyard of Labh Singh's house.
There is no suggestion that a lamp had been
lighted at that time. The fact that a large number of persons were present in
the courtyard without lighting a lamp would show that there was enough light at
that time. It is also significant that the assailants gave two Barcha blows to
Labh Singh deceased. If there was enough light to enable the assailants to fix
the identity of Labh Singh before they gave Barcha blows to him, it stands to
reason that the same light would be enough for others to see as to who the
assailants were.
We, therefore, have no hesitation in rejecting,
the argument that there was not enough light at the time of occurrence to
enable the prosecution witnesses to fix identity of the, culprits.
Another factor which weighed with the High
Court in discarding the prosecution evidence was that Bachan Singh (DW 6) was
admitted in Batala hospital a few minutes before Joginder Singh and Lakba Singh
deceased were brought there.
According to the testimony of Dr. N. S.
Dhillon, a metallic foreign substance was recovered from the arm of Bachan
Singh on July 20, 1968. The High Court took the view that Bachan Singh too had
been injured during the course of the present occurrence and the fact that no
reference was made to Bachan Singh either in the first information report or in
the evidence of the prosecution witnesses would go to show that the prosecution
evidence is not worthy of credence. In this respect we find that Bachan Singh
was examined as a defence witness. Bachan Singh in the course of his evidence
denied being present at the scene of occurrence and having been injured at that
time. According to Bachan Singh, he had received an injury during the course of
a dispute with his father. Piaro, sister of Bachan Singh, was also examined as
DW 4. She too has denied that Bachan Singh was present at the time of the present
occurrence. It is, in our opinion, not necessary to dilate upon the injury of
Bachan Singh because even if it may be assumed that Bachan Singh too received
an injury during the course of the present occurrence, that 337 would not
materially affect the substance of the prosecution evidence regarding the guilt
of the three accusedrespondents.
The learned judges of the High Court in
rejecting the prosecution evidence have made observations critical about the
magistrate, who received the copy of the first information report, as well as
about Dr. Dhillon, Sub Inspector Kehar Singh and. the learned Sessions Judge.
So far as the magistrate is concerned, it observed that he was an irresponsible
lazy officer as he could not reach the hospital at about 1 a.m. on the night of
occurrence in spite of heavy rain for recording the dying declarations of
Joginder Singh and Lakha Singh. As, regards Dr. Dhillon, the criticism leveled
is that he expressed an opinion in answer to the query of the investigating
officer that the injury on the nose of Harding Singh could be caused with a
kirpan. It was observed that the doctor had gone out of the way to please the
investigating officer. The doctor was also criticized for attesting the dying
declarations.
Regarding Sub Inspector Kehar Singh, the High
Court formed the impression that he was a domineering police officer because
lie obtained opinion favorable to the prosecution from Dr. Dhillon. It was also
observed that the Sub Inspector had tried to be over clever. There was enough
material available, according to the High Court, which could have been made
better use of by a more imaginative officer without artificially or artfully
advancing the time of occurrence to day time. As regards the learned Sessions
Judge, the High Court observed that the present marathon trial appeared to have
strained his capacities to the maximum limits. The criticism leveled by the
High Court against the above mentioned officers, in our opinion, was not
warranted and was couched in language, which was rather harsh.
Perusal of the judgment of the High Court
shows that in acquitting the accused-respondents, the High Court approached the
entire matter in a spirit of distrust and suspicion of the various officers who
dealt with this case.
We further find that the judgment of the High
Court is based upon conjectures, surmises and suspicion. Looked at in the
context of the facts of the case, we find that the view taken by the High Court
is manifestly unreasonable. It is consequently not possible to sustain the
judgment of the High Court.
A criminal trial is not like a fairy tale
wherein one in free to give flight to one's imagination and phantasm. It
concerns itself with the question as to whether the accused arraigned at the
trial is guilty of the crime with which he is charged. Crime is an event in
real life and is the product of interplay of different human emotions. In arriving
at the conclusion about the guilt of the accused charged with the commission of
a crime, the court has to judge the evidence by the yardstick of probabilities,
its intrinsic worth and the animus of witnesses. Every case in the final
analysis would have to depend upon' its own facts. Although the benefit of
every reasonable doubt should be given to the accused, the courts should not at
the same time reject evidence which is ex facie trustworthy on grounds which
are fanciful or in the nature of conjectures.
The High Court in the present case, in our opinion,
has rejected the prosecution evidence which was ex facie of a convincing nature
338 on grounds which partake of the nature of conjectures and surmises. The
view taken by the High Court, as already observed, is manifestly unreasonable
and has resulted in miscarriage of justice. We accordingly accept the appeal,
set aside the judgment of the High Court and convict the accused-respondents
for the offences for which they were convicted by the trial court. As regards
the sentence for the offence under section 302 Indian Penal Code, we find that
a period of more than two years has elapsed since the acquittal of the
accused-respondents by the High Court. It would, in the circumstances, be
appropriate if the extreme penalty for the offence under section 302 Indian
Penal Code is not exacted from the accused-respondents. We, therefore, :sentence
the accused-respondents for the offence under section 302 Indian Penal Code to
imprisonment for life. The sentences imposed upon the accused-respondents for
the offences under section 302 read with section 34, section 307 and section
307 read with section 34 Indian Penal Code are maintained. The sentences of
each of the accused respondents would run concurrently, V.P.S.
Appeal allowed.
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