Sri Bhavanarayanaswamivari Temple Vs.
Vadapalli Venkata Bhavanarayanacharyulu [1970] INSC 76 (25 March 1970)
25/03/1970 [J. C. SHAH AND K. S. HEGDE, JJ.]
ACT:
Madras Religious and Charitable Endowments
Act, 1927 s.57 (1) and (3)--Decision of Madras Religious Endowment Board in
proceeding under s. 57(1) that certain properties did not belong to temple--No
suit filed under s. 57(3)--Decision of Board whether operates as res
judicata--Proceeding under s.
57(1) whether a summary proceeding.
HEADNOTE:
In 1931 the Madras Endowments Board framed a
scheme for the better management of the appellant temple. At that time the
question arose whether the suit properties were the properties of the temple.
The respondent's family put forward the claim that those properties had been
granted to them as archakatwam service inam and consequently those properties
were not temple properties. That contention was accepted by the Board. The
Board's decision was not challenged by the appellant by a suit- under s. 57(3)
of the Act. The suit under appeal was filed by the respondent praying for a
declaration that the suit properties had been granted to his family as
archakatwam service inam, and that the appellant had no right therein. An
injunction restraining the appellant from interferring with the respondent's
possession was also prayed for. The appellant resisted the claim. The lower
courts as well as the High Court upheld the respondent's claim on the ground
that the appellant's claim was barred by res judicata. In this Court it was
urged on behalf of the appellant that the Board's decision could not be
regarded as res judicata because (i) the proceeding before the Board was a
summary proceeding, (ii) the question as to the title of the suit properties
was not directly and substantially in issue in that proceeding since the
essential purpose of the framing of a scheme for the management of a temple is
to see that the administration is carried on properly and not to determine what
properties the temple owns.
HELD: (i) It is not correct to say that the
power conferred on the Board under s. 57 is a summary power. A decision
rendered by the Board under that section is final subject to the result of the
suit contemplated in the said section.
Section 57 provides for an exhaustive enquiry
in the matter of framing scheme, firstly by the Board and then by the Court.
The trial before the Court has to be held in the same manner as any other suit
that may be instituted under the provisions of the Civil Procedure Code. [131
E-F] (ii) (a) The doctrine of res judicata is not confined to a decision in a
suit but it applies to decisions in other proceedings as well. But how far a
decision which is rendered in other proceedings will bind the parties depends
upon other considerations one of which is whether the decision determines
substantial rights of parties and the other is whether the 'parties are given
adequate opportunities to establish the rights pleaded by them. The doctrine of
res judicata is not confined to the limits prescribed in s. 11 Civil Procedure
Code. The underlying principle of that doctrine is that there should be
finality in litigation and that a person should not be vexed twice over in
respect of the same matter. [132 B-C] 129 (b) A scheme framed for the better
management of a temple must necessarily show therein the properties of the
temple.
Before deciding to frame a scheme the
authority framing the scheme must know the nature and extent of the trust
funds.
There can be no scheme of management of a
temple in vacuum.
[131 A-B] In the previous proceedings one of
the important questions the Board had to decide was whether the properties in
dispute were archakatwam service inam properties. The Board's decision which
was adverse to the temple affected the rights of the temple in a substantial
manner. It was open to the temple to get its right established by means of a
suit under s. 57(3). It failed to take that step.
Therefore, the decision of the Board in 1931
that the suit properties were not temple properties operated as res judicata,
and the appeal must fail. [132 D-G] Chotalal Lakhmiram & Ors. v. Manohar
Ganesh Tambekar & Ors.
I.L.R. XXIV Bom. p. 50, (Sri Mahant) Sitaram
Dass Bavaji v. Madras Religious Endowment Board, Madras, A.I.R. 1937 Mad.
106, Arikapudi Balakotayya v. Yadlapalli Nagayya,
A.I.R.
(33) 1946 Mad. 509 and State of Madras v.
Kunnakudi Melamatam alias Annathana Matam, (1962) 2 M.L.J. 13, applied.
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal
No. 431 of 1967.
Appeal by special leave from the judgment and
decree dated September 1, 1966 of the Andhra Pradesh High Court in Second
Appeal No. 719 of 1962.
R. Venugopal Reddy and K. Jayaram, for the
appellants.
B. Parthasarathy, for the respondent.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
Hegde, J.-The point in controversy in this appeal by special leave is whether
the properties in dispute herein constitute a hereditary archakatwam service
inam granted to the plaintiff's predecessors or whether they are the properties
of the appellant temple. The High Court and the courts below have come to the
conclusion that the appellant's contention that it is the owner of the suit
properties is barred by res judicata. That conclusion is challenged in this
appeal.
In the suit under appeal the respondent who
is an archaka in the appellant temple prayed for a declaration that the suit
properties had been granted to his family as archakatwam service Inam land and
that the appellant has no right therein. He has also asked for an injunction
restraining the appellant from interfering with his possession and enjoyment.
The appellant denied the respondent's claim.
The High Court as well as the appellate court
have upheld the respondent's claim on the ground that the appellant's claim is
barred by res judicata.
130 In 1931 the Madras Religious Endowments
Board framed a scheme for the better management of the appellant temple.
At that time the question arose whether the
suit properties were the properties of the temple. The respondent's family put
forward the claim that those properties had been granted to them as archakatwam
service inam and consequently those properties were not temple properties. That
contention was accepted by the Board. It is said that the said decision
operates as res judicata against the claim made by the appellant.
On behalf of the appellant it was urged that
the proceeding before the Board under s. 57(1) of the Madras Religious &
Charitable Endowments Act, 1927 (in short the Act) was a summary proceeding,
the question as to the title to the suit properties was not directly and substantially
in issue in that proceeding and as such the decision in question does not
operate as res judicata in the present suit.
Section 57(1) as it stood in 1931 reads thus
"When the Board is satisfied that in the interest of the proper
administration of the endowments of a temple, a scheme of administration should
be settled, the Board may after consulting in the prescribed manner, the
trustee, the committee, if any and the persons having interest by order settle
a scheme of administration for the endowments of such temple".
Sub-section (3) of that section says
"Every order of the Board under this scheme shall be published in the
prescribed mariner.
The trustee or any person having interest may
within six months of the date of such publication institute a suit in the court
to modify or set aside such order. Subject to the result of such suit every
order of the Board shall be final and binding on the committee, the trustee and
all persons having interest." It is not disputed that the decision of the
Board holding that the properties in question were archakatwam service inam
lands was not challenged by means of a suit under S.
57(3). Therefore the said decision has become
final. We have now to see what is the effect of the finality in question.
According to the appellant as the title to the suit properties was not directly
and substantially in issue in the proceeding before the Board and the decision
thereon being only incidental, the same cannot operate as res judicata.
In support of the contention that the
decision rendered by the Board was only an incidental one, it was urged that
the essential purpose of framing of a scheme for the management of temple is
131 to see that the temple's administration is carried on properly; and"
in such a proceeding it is not necessary to determine what all properties the
temple owns. We are unable to accede to this contention. A scheme framed for
the better management of a temple must necessarily show therein the properties
of the temple. Before deciding to frame a scheme the authority framing the
scheme must know the nature and extent of the trust funds. There can be no
scheme of management of a temple in vacuum. As observed by the Judicial
Committee in Chotalal Lakhmiram and ors. v. Manohar Ganesh Tambekar and ors.(1)
:
"Until the trust funds are ascertained,
it seems impossible that any scheme can be settled." Varadachariar J. in
(Sri Mahant) Sitaram Dass Bavaji v. Madras Religious Endowment Board, Madras
and OrS;(2) observed. that the power given by s. 63 to the Board for framing a
scheme for the management of a mutt,-a power similar to that conferred on the
Board under S. 57 for framing scheme for the management of a temple-carries
with it the power to settle what the properties of the institution are. A
scheme for proper administration of a temple must necessarily provide for the
proper administration of its assets. The persons empowered to manage must know
what properties are to be governed by the scheme and what the resources of the
temple are.
It is not correct to say that the power
conferred on the Board. under s. 57 is a summary power as urged by the learned
Counsel for the appellant. A decision rendered by the Board under that section
is final subject to the result of the suit contemplated in the said section.
Section 57 provides for an exhaustive enquiry in the matter of framing scheme,
firstly by the Board and then by the Court. The trial before the court has to
be held in the same manner as any other suit that may be instituted under the
provisions of the Civil Procedure Code. In Arikapudi Balakotayya v.
Yadlapalli Nagayya(3); a Division Bench of
the Madras High, Court held that the order made by the District Court under s.
84(2) of the Act operates as res judicata in a subsequent proceeding. Under s.
84(1) the Board is given Dower to decide if any dispute arises as to (a)
whether an institution is a math or temple as defined in the Act; (b) whether
the trustee is a hereditary trustee a_ defined in the Act or not and (c)
whether any property or money endowed is a specific endowment as defined in the
Act or not. Subs. (2) of that section provides that any person affected by a
decision under sub-s. (1) may, within six months apply to the Court to modify
or set aside that decision. Sub-s (3) thereof provides for (1) I.L.R. XXIV Bom.
p. 50. (2) A.I.R. 1937 Mad. 106.
(3) A.I.R. (33) 1946 Mad. 509.
132 an appeal to the High Court against the
order of the District Judge. Sub-s. (4) of that section provides that subject
to the result of an application under sub-s. (2) or an appeal under sub-s. (3),
the decision of the Board shall be final.
In Balakotayya's case('1) while examining the
effect of a decision under s. 84(2), it was observed that the doctrine of res
judicata is (not confined to a decision in a suit it applies to decisions in
other proceedings as well. But how far a decision which is rendered in other
proceedings will bind the parties depends upon other considerations one of
which is whether that decision determines substantial rights of parties and the
other is whether the parties are given adequate opportunities to establish the
rights pleaded by them. The doctrine of res judicata is not confined to the
limits prescribed in S. 11, Civil Procedure Code. The underlying principle of
that doctrine is that there should be finality in litigation and that a person
should not be vexed twice over in respect of the same matter.
In the proceedings with which we are
concerned in this appeal one of the important question the Board had to decide
was whether the properties in dispute are archakatwam service inam properties.
The Board's decision which was adverse to the temple, affected the rights of
the temple in a substantial manner. It was open to the temple to get its right
established by means of a suit under S. 57(3). It failed to take-that step.
Therefore the decision of the Board has become final and binding on the temple.
In State of Madras v. Kunnakudi Melamatam alias Annathana Matam(2) this Court
held that a decision of the Board under s. 84(1) which had become final in the
absence of any application to the court to set aside that decision under s.
84(2), holding that the institution was outside the purview of the Act, bars
the board from levying any contribution on the institution under the Act
subsequently.
In our judgment the decision of the Board in
1931 that the suit properties are not temple properties operates as res
judicata in the present proceeding.
In the result this appeal fails and the same
is dismissed with costs.
G.C. Appeal dismissed.
(1) A.I.R. (33) 1946 Mad. 509.
(2) (1962) 2 M.L. J. p. 13.
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