Commissioner of Income-Tax, Calcutta Vs.
Kokila Debi [1970] INSC 97 (20 April 1970)
20/04/1970 HEGDE, K.S.
HEGDE, K.S.
SHAH, J.C.
GROVER, A.N.
CITATION: 1970 AIR 1732 1971 SCR (1) 312 1970
SCC (2) 10
CITATOR INFO:
R 1971 SC2463 (12)
ACT:
Indian Income tax Act, 1922-S. 41 (1)
Proviso-scope, of..
HEADNOTE:
B, a Hindu governed by Mitakshara School of
Hindu Law dedicated certain self-acquired properties in favour of the deity Sri
Sri lswar Gopal Jew. He executed a deed of trust and supplemented it by two subsequent
deeds. Two-thirds of the income of the trust properes was under tile said deeds
to be utilised for the seva of the deity and the remaining one third was to be
retained in the hands of the trustees to meet the. collection charges, taxes
and other incidental expense relating to thetrust properties. Under the
trust-deeds the first trustee was to be B's third wife. and each of his sons on
attaining majority was to become a trustee automatically. In proceedings for
the assessment of income-tax, the Income-tax Officer assessed the income from
all the properties in. the hands of the trustees at the maximum rate in
accordance with the provision contained in the first proviso to section 41 (1 )
of the Indian, Income-tax Act, 1922. The order was confirmed by the Appellate
Assistant Commissioner-. In further appeal the Tribunal held that the sole
beneficiary under tile deeds was the deity Sri Sri Iswar Gopal Jew. Hence
according to the Tribunal, the first proviso to s. 41(1) was no,, applicable
to, the facts of the case and the trustees were to be assessed in the, status of
individual in respect of the income received by them on behalf of the deity.
The High Court in reference took the same view as the Tribunal. The
Commissioner of Income-tax appealed to this court. The, appellant placed
reliance on the fact that in one of the deeds executed by B, the trustees were
referred to as beneficiaries. As no argument had been canvassed before the High
Court or the tribunals below that a deity could not be considered a 'person'
within the meaning of s. 2(9) of the Act, the Court proceeded on the basis that
a deity is a 'person' within the meaning of the slid section.
HELD : In one of the trust-deeds the trustees
were no doubt referred to as beneficiaries but on a reading of the entire deed
it was clear that reference to them as beneficiaries was a misnomer and that
they were not entitled to any benefit under any of the deeds. Therefore, the
finding of the Tribunal that the sole beneficiary under the deeds was the deity
not open to challenge, and that being so, the case clearly fell within the main
section 4t(1), and the first proviso to that section was not applicable to the
facts of the case. On the facts found by the Tribunal it could not be said that
the income or profits in question were "not specifically receivable by the
trustees on behalf of any one person". [31 5 H316 B] The fact that for
certain purposes a trusteeship is considered as "property" and that
the trustees have an interest in the trust was irrelevant in the present
context.
In considering the scope of s. 41(1) the only
thing that had to be seen was whether the income in question was received by
the trustees on behalf of any person. [316 B-C] Accordingly the appeal must be
dismissed, [316 C] 313
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeals
Nos. 220 to 230 of 1967.
Appeals from the judgment and order dated
March 18, 1966 ,of the Calcutta High Court in Income-tax Reference No. 103 of
1962.
S. K. A iyar and O. D. Sharma, for the
appellant (in all the appeals).
The respondent did not appear.
The Judgment o the Court was delivered by
Hegde, J. These appeals were brought on the strength of the certificates
granted by the High Court of Calcutta against its judgment in references under
s. 66(1 ) of the Indian Income Tax Act, 1922 (hereinafter called the Act).
The questions referred to the High Court are
"(1) Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case and on a
proper construction of three deeds executed on the 3rd November, 1944, the 25tb
September 1947 and the 17th March, 1951 referred to in the order, the Tribunal
was right in holding that there was only one beneficiary viz. Sri Sri Iswar
Gopal Jew, under the trust (2) If the answer to the question (1) be in the
negative, then whether the income of the Trust was to 'be assessed at the
maximum rate by virtue of the first proviso to s. 41(1) of the Income-Tax Act,
1922 ?" The High Court answered the first question in the affirmative and
in view of that answer, it did not find it necessary to answer the second
question.
The facts found by the tribunal, as could be
gathered from the statement of the case submitted by it are as follows :
Shri Badriprasad Agarwalla, a Hindu governed
by Mitakshra School of Hindu law, had three wives, (1) Sukti Devi, (2) Krishna
Devi and (3) Kokila Debi.' From the second wife, Krishna Devi, he had a son
named Fulchand born in March 1929. After the death of the second wife, Badri
Prasad Agarwalla took Kokila Debi as his third wife. From her he had six sons,
the eldest of whom is Nirmal Kumar born in 1942. On November 3, 1944, he
executed a deed of trust by which be transferred to the trustees 314 two of his
self-acquired properties situate at 41/16-A, Russa Road and 21, Paika Para Row
for the benefit of the deity Sri Sri Iswar Gopal Jew whom he had consecrated at
his ancestral house at 112, Krishnaram Bose Street, Calcutta.
The intended purposes of the said trust were
set out in the deed itself. Under that deed Kokila Debi was appointed as a
trustee. It was provided in that deed that each of the sons of Badri Prasad on
attaining majority would automatically become a trustee of that trust. It may
be mentioned here that in accordance with this provision, Fulchand became a
trustee on attaining majority in March, 1947 and Nirmal Kumar, the eldest son
of Kokila Debi also became a trustee in the year 1960. Under the said deed,
Kokila Debi was appointed as the sole shebait of the idol until the sons of
Badri Prasad became majours. But as soon as they became majors they were to be
joint Shebaits of the idol along with Kokila Debi. 2/3rd of the rent realised
from the trust properties was to be utilised towards seva of the deity and the
balance 1/3rd was to be retained in the hands of the trustees to meet the
collection charges, taxes and other incidental expenses relating to the said
properties.
On September 25, 1947, Badri Prasad executed
another deed to Which he, Kokila Debi and Fulchand were parties. The deed was
admittedly a supplement to the earlier deed dated November 3, 1944.
On March 17, 1951, Badri Prasad executed a
third deed. To that deed Badri Prasad, Kokila Debi and Fulchand were parties.
This deed was also expressly made as, a supplement to the deed of November 3,
1944. The avowed object in executing this deed was to clarify the status,
rights and liabilities of the trustees and the shebaits in office for the
benefit of and in the interest of the deitv and to avoid future litigation.
Under this deed, it is mentioned that the properties covered by the first two
deeds were given in absolute dedication to the deity established by the settlor
at 1, 2, Krishnaram Bose Road, Calcutta. and the trustees and shebaits held
their offices as such for carrying on daily and periodical sevas and worship of
the deity and they were to hold the properties for and on behalf of the deity.
Therein provision was niade for the
management of the property, for conducting the sevas and pujas of the deity and
for maintenance of proper and necessary accounts.
The Income-tax Officer assessed the income
from all the properties in the hands of the trustees at the maximum rate in
accordance with the provision contained in the 1st proviso to S. 41 (1) of the
Act. In appeal, the Appellate Assistant Commissioner confirmed the order of the
Income-tax,Officer but on a further appeal taken to the Income Tax Appellate
Tribunal, the Tribunal 315 held that the sole beneficiary under the three deeds
was the deity Sri Sri Ishwar Gopal Jew. Hence the 1 St proviso to S. 41 (1 ) is
not applicable to the facts of the case and the trustees should be assessed in
the status of an individual in respect of the income received by them on behalf
of the deity. The relevant portion& of S. 41 (1) and the 1st, provison
thereto read :
"In the case of income, profits or gains
chargeable under this Act any trustee or trustees appointed under a trust
declared by a duly executed instrument in writing whether testamentary or
otherwise ...................are entitled to receive on behalf of any person,
the tax shall be levied upon and recoverable from such trustee or trustees in
the like manner and to the same amount as it would be leviable upon and
recoverable from' the person on whose behalf such income, profits or gains are
receivable and all the provisions of this Act shall apply accordingly Provided
that where such income, profits or gains or any part thereof are not
specifically receivable on behalf of any one person or where the individual
shares of the persons on whose behalf they are receivable are indeterminate or
unknown, the tax shall be levied and recoverable at the maximum rate, but,
where, such persons have no other personal income, chargeable under this Act
and none of them is an artificial juridical person, as if such income, profits
or gains or such part thereof were the total income of an association of
persons........" As seen earlier, the finding of the Appellate Tribunal is
that the trustees had no beneficial interest in the income of the properties
included in the trust deeds and that the sole beneficiary under those deeds is
the deity.
The question whether a deity can be
considered as a 'person" within the meaning of S. 2(9) of the Act had not
been canvassed before the High Court or the tribunals below nor was that
question raised before us. Therefore we shall not go into that question. For
the purpose of this case we shall proceed on the basis that it is 'a person'
within the meaning of s. 2(9) of the Act. Now coming to the deeds, all.
that the learned Counsel for the revenue was
able to show us is that in one of the trust deeds, the trustees were referred
to as beneficiaries but on a reading of the entire deed, it is clear that
reference to them as beneficiaries is a misnomer and that they are not entitled
to any benefit under any of those deeds. Therefore the finding of the tribunal that
the sole beneficiary under those deeds is the deity is not open to challenge.
If that is so, the case clearly falls within the main section 41 1 ) and the 1
St proviso to that section is316 inapplicable to the facts of the case. On the
facts found by the Tribunal, it cannot be said that the income or profits in
question are "not specifically receivable by the trustees on behalf of any
one person".
The fact that for certain purposes, a
trusteeship is considered as 'property' and that the trustees have an interest
in the trust is irrelevant for our present purpose.
In considering the scope of s. 41 (1), the
only thing that we have to see is whether the income in question was received
by the trustees on behalf of any person. If the deity is considered as a
person' then quite clearly the case does not come Within the 1st proviso to s.
41 (1) and it has to be dealt with under S. 41 (1).
For the reasons mentioned above, these
appeals fail and they are dismissed. The respondents are ex-parte in this
Court.
Hence there will be no order as to costs in
these appeals.
G.C. Appeals dismissed.
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