K. G. Khosla & Co. Vs. Deputy
Commissioner of Commercial Taxies [1966] INSC 20 (18 January 1966)
18/01/1966 SIKRI, S.M.
SIKRI, S.M.
GAJENDRAGADKAR, P.B. (CJ) SHAH, J.C.
RAMASWAMI, V.
SATYANARAYANARAJU, P.
CITATION: 1966 AIR 1216 1966 SCR (3) 352
CITATOR INFO :
R 1971 SC 477 (11) RF 1971 SC 870 (24,45) R
1973 SC2491 (6,7,8) RF 1974 SC1510 (5,3,11,13) RF 1975 SC1564 (23,24,52,61,66)
R 1979 SC1160 (15) F 1985 SC1689 (2,6) RF 1992 SC1952 (8)
ACT:
Central Sales Tar Act, 1956 (64 of 1956), s.
5(2)-Scales in the course of import Meaning of.
HEADNOTE:
The appellant entered into a contract with
the DirectorGeneral of Civil Supplies, New Delhi for the supply of axle bodies
manufactured by its principals in Belgium. The goods were inspected on behalf
of the buyers in Belgium but under the contract they were liable to rejection
after further inspection in India. In pursuance of the contract the appellant
supplied axle-bodies to the Southern Railway at Perambur and Mysore. The Joint
Commercial Tax Officer Madras rejected the contention of the appellant that the
sales were in the course of import. He held that the said sales were
intra-State sales because the seller was the consignee of the goods and the
buyer had reserved the right to reject the goods even after their arrival in
India. He made an assessment under the Madras General Sales Tax Act in respect
of the supplies at Perambur and another assessment under the Central Sales Tax
Act in respect of the supplies at Mysore. The appellant filed appeals against the
assessments but the Appellant Assistant Commissioner rejected them. The
Tribunal held that part of the goods were sold in the course of import. Against
the Tribunal's orders both parties filed two revisions each in the High Court.
The High Court allowed the petitions filed by the State and rejected those
filed by the assessee. It held that "before a sale can be said to have
occasioned the impart it is necessary that the sale should have preceded the
import" and as the sale had not taken place at Belgium there was no
question of sale occasioning the impart of the goods. The appellant then came
to this Court by special leave. On behalf of the respondents two preliminary
objections were raised : (1) The appellant had not complied with O.Xlll r. 2 of
the Supreme Court Rules, 1950 before coming to this Court; (2) The appellant
had filed only two appeals in this Court while the High Court's judgment
covered four revision petitions.
HELD : (i) The appellant had not filed a
petition for certificate before the Madras High Court as required by O.XIII r.
2 because of the view of that High Court that no such petition lay in Revenue
matters. Therefore noncompliance with O.XIII r. 2 could be condoned.
(ii)Two revisions were filed in the High
Court by the appellant and two by the State in respect of two assessment orders
and they were disposed of by a common judgment. The subject matter of the four
revisions were two assessments, one under the Madras General Sales Tax Act and
the other under the Central Sales Tax Act. The appellant was quite right in
filing two appeals before this Court. [356 B-D] (iii)Section 5(2) of the
Central Sales Tax Act does not lay down any condition that before a sale could
be said to have occasioned import it is 353 necessary that the sale should have
preceded the import.
The High Court wrongly held so. [358 D-E]
Tata Iron & Steel Co. Ltd. v. S. R. Sarkar, [1961] 1 S. C. R. 379, relied
on.
The Cement Marketing Co. of India v. State of
Mysore, [1963] 3 S.C.R. 777 State Trading Corporation of India v. State of
Mysore, [1963] 3 S.C.R. 792 and Singareni Collieries Co. v. Commissioner of
Commercial Taxes, Hyderabad, [1966] 2 S.C.R.
190, referred to.
(iv)In the present case it was quite clear
from the contract that it was incidental to the contract that the axle-box
bodies would be manufactured in Belgium, inspected there, and imported into
India for the consignee. Movement of goods from Belgium to India was in
pursuance of the conditions of the contract between the assessee and the
Director-General of Supplies. There was no possibility of those goods being
diverted by the assessee for any other purpose. Consequently the sales took
place in the course of import of goods within s. 5(2) of the Act and were
therefore exempt from taxation. [358 F]
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal
No. 143 and 144 of 1965.
Appeal by special leave from the judgment and
order date August 16, 1963 of the Madras High Court in Tax Cases Nos.
100, 219, 220 and 225 of 1962.
Veda Vyasa and K. K. Jain, for the appellant.
A.Ranganadham Chetty and A. V. Rangam, for
the respon-dent.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
Sikri, J. These two appeals by special leave are directed against the judgment
of the Madras High Court in Tax Cases Nos. 100, 219, 220 and 225 of 1962, and
involve the interpretation of s. 5(2) of the Central Sales Tax Act (64 of
1956)-hereinafter referred to as the Act. The relevant facts are these. The
appellant K. G. Khosla & Co., hereinafter referred to as the assessee
entered into a contract with the Director-General of Supplies and Disposal, New
Delhi, for the supply of axle-box bodies. According to the contract the goods
were to be manufactured in Belgium, and the D.G.I.S.D., London, or his
representative, was to inspect the goods at the works of the manufacturers. He
was to issue an inspection certificate. Another inspection by the Deputy
Director of Inspections, Ministry of W.H. & S., Madras, was provided for in
the contract. It was his duty to issue inspection notes on Form No. WSB.65 on
receipt of a copy of the Inspection Certificate from the D.G.I.S.D.
London and after verification and visual
inspection. The goods were to be manufactured according to specifications by
M/s La Brugeoies. ET. Nivelles, Belgium. The 354 assessee was entitled to be
paid 90% after inspectionand delivery of the stores to the consignee and the
balance of IO % was payable on final acceptance by the consignee. In the case
of deliveries on F.O.R. basis, the assessee was entitled to 90% payment after
inspection on proof of despatch and balance 10% after receipt of stores by the
consignees in good condition. The date of delivery was "in 8 months
ex-your principal's works from the date of receipt of order and the approved
working drawings, i.e. delivery in India by 31-7-1957, or earlier." The
assessee was entirely responsible for the execution of the contract. Clause
17(1) of the Contract provides:
"The Contractor is entirely responsible
for the execution of the contract in all respects in accordance with the terms
and conditions as specified in the A/T and the schedule annexed thereto. Any
approval which the Inspector may have given in respect of the stores, materials
or other particulars and the work or workmanship involved in the contract
(whether with or without test carried out by the contractor's Inspector) shall
not bind the purchaser .and notwithstanding any approval or acceptance given by
the Inspector, it shall be lawful for the consignee of the stores on behalf of
the Purchaser to reject the stores ,,on arrival at the destination, if it is
found that the stores supplied by the contractor are not in conformity with the
terms and conditions of the Contract in all respects," Further, the
assessee was responsible for the safe arrival of the goods at the destination.
By an endorsement the D.G.I.S.D., London, was requested to issue pre-inspection
delay reports regularly to all concerned, including the Railway Liaison
Officer, C/o D.G.S. & D. Shahjahan Road, New Delhi. He was also requested
to endorse copies of the Inspection Certificates to the Director of Inspection,
Ministry of W.H. & S. Bombay. It is further found by the Sales Tax
Appellate Tribunal that "the Belgian manufacturers, after manufacture,
consigned the goods to the appellants by ship under bills of lading in which
the consignee was the appellants themselves. The goods were consigned to Madras
Harbour, cleared by the appellant's own clearing agents and despatched for
delivery to the buyers thereafter." In pursuance of this contract, the
assessee supplied axlebox bodies of the value of Rs. 1,74,029.50 to the
Southern Railway at Perambur Works and of the value of Rs.
1,32,987.75 to Southern Railway, Mysore. The
Joint Commercial Tax Officer held that the former sales were liable to tax
under the Madras General Sales Tax Act and the latter under the Central Sales
Tax Act. He rejected the contention of the assessee that the sales were in the
,,,course of import. He held that "there was no privity of contract 355
between the foreign seller and the Government for the goods., The goods were
shipped only as the goods of the seller and intended for them. They were
cleared as their own and delivered after clearance. The transaction is
therefore one of intrastate sales and not one in the course of import. The sale
is completed only when the goods are delivered in this state and so it is not
occasioning the import. It is also seen from the contract of sale that the
terms of delivery are F.O.R. Madras. Again Cl. (1) of the contract says that
any approval where the Inspector may have given in respect of stores materials
or other particulars and the work or workmanship involved in the contract shall
not bind the purchaser and notwithstanding any approval or acceptance given by
the Inspector it shall be lawful for the consignee of the stores on behalf of
the purchaser to reject the stores on arrival at the destination. It will be
seen from the words underlined by me that the purchaser has reserved the right
to reject the goods even though an inspection of the goods might have been
made. So there is no force in the argument of the dealer that the goods were
appropriated to the contract of sale." The assessee filed two appeals but
the Appellate Assistant Commissioner, agreeing with the Joint Commercial Tax
Officer, rejected the appeals. The Appellate Tribunal on appeal held that the
property in the goods had not passed on to the buyers even while the goods were
with the Belgian manufacturers and that the sale by the appellants had not
occasioned the imports. The Tribunal, however, accepted the contention of the
assessee that sales to the extent of Rs.
22,983.75 and Rs. 10,987.50 had taken place
in the course of import as the goods had been appropriated to the contract
while the goods were on the high seas.
The assessee then filed two revisions before
the High Court and the Deputy Commissioner of Commercial Taxes, Madras, filed
two revisions challenging the deductions of the two sums of Rs. 22,983.75 and
Rs. 10,987.50. The High Court allowed the petitions filed by the State and
dismissed the petitions filed by the assessee. It rejected the contention of
the assessee that the property in the goods must be deemed to have passed at
the stage when the goods were approved by the representative in the factory of
the manufacturers at Balgium. The High Court further rejected the contention of
the assessee that the sale by the assessee to the Government Department had
occasioned the import on the ground that "before a sale can be said to
have occasioned the import, it is. necessary that the sale should have preceded
the import", and as the sale had not taken place at Belgium there was no
question of the sale occasioning the import of the goods.
Before we deal with the merits of the
appeals, we must dispose of two preliminary objections raised by Mr.
Ranganadham Chetty, 356 on behalf of the
respondents. Basing himself on Management of Hindusthan Commercial Bank Ltd. v.
Bhagwan Dass (1) he urged that ,the assessee should have filed an application
for leave to appeal before the High Court before applying for special leave. We
see no force in this objection. It is common ground that the Madras High Court
had at the relevant time consistently taken the view that no application for
leave to appeal to Supreme Court Jay before the High Court in matters involving
revenue. In these circumstances we dispense with the requirement of Order XIII,
r. 2 of the Supreme Court Rules, and overrule the objection. The second
preliminary objection raised by him was that the assessee should have filed
four appeals and not two appeals because there were four revision petitions
before the High Court. We see no force in this objection also. Two revisions
were filed by the assessee and two by the State in respect of two assessment
orders and they were disposed of by one common judgment. The subject matter of
the four revisions were two assessments, one under the Madras General Sales Tax
Act and the other under the Central Sales Tax Act. In our opinion, the assessee
was quite right in filing two appeals before this Court.
The learned counsel for the assessee Mr. Ved
Vyasa, raised two points before us : First that the sales were in the course of
import within the meaning of s. 5(2) of the Act;
and secondly that the property in the goods
passed in Belgium and consequently the sales were outside the State within the
meaning of art. 286(1) (a) ,of the Constitution.
As we are of the opinion that the assessee
must succeed on the first point it will not be necessary to deal with ,,the
second point.
Section 5(2) of the Central Sales Tax Act
provides "5(2) A sale or purchase of goods shall be deemed to take place
in the course of the import of the goods into the territory of India only if
the sale or purchase either occasions such import or is effected by a transfer
of documents of title to the goods before the goods have crossed the customs
frontiers of India." Section 3 of the Act, which deals with interstate
trade and commerce may also be set out as it employs the same terminology and
has been interpreted by this Court. S. 3 reads :
"A sale or purchase of goods shall be
deemed to take place in the course of inter-State trade or commerce if the sale
or purchase-(a)occasions the movement of goods from one State to another; or
(1) [1965] 2 S.C.R. 265.
357 (b)is effected by a transfer of documents
of title to the goods during their movement from one State to another." It
is not necessary to set out the two Explanations to s. 3.
It seems to us that the expression
"occasions the movement of goods" occurring in s. 3(a) and s. 5(2)
must have the same meaning. In Tata Iron and Steel Co. Ltd. Bombay v. S. R.
Sarkar,(1) Shah, J. speaking for the majority, interpreted s. 3 as follows:
"In our view, therefore, within clause
(b) of section 3 are included sales in which property in the goods passes
during the movement of the goods from one State to another by transfer of
documents of title thereto: clause (a) of section 3 covers sales, other than
those included in clause (b), in which the movement of goods from one State to
another is the result of a covenant or incident of the contract of sale, and
property in the goods passes in either State." These observations of Shah,
J., were cited with approval by this Court in The Cement Marketing Co. of India
v. The State of Mysore(2). This case, it is true, was not dealing with the
Central Sales Tax Act, but the Court was dealing with a similar question
arising under art. 286 of the Constitution, before its amendment. But the same
Bench, in dealing with a case arising under the Act (The State Trading
Corporation of India v. The State of Mysore(3) again approved of the
observations in Tata Iron and Steel Co. case(1). Sarkar, J., observed thus:
"The question then is, did the sales
occasion the movement of cement from another State into Mysore within the
meaning of the definition? In Tata Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. v. S. R. Sarkar(1)
it was held that a sale occasions the movement of goods from one State to
another within section 3(a) of the Central Sales Tax Act, when the movement
"is the result of a covenant or incident of the contract of sale."
That the cement concerned in the disputed sales was actually moved from another
State into Mysore is not denied. The respondents only contend that the movement
was not the result of a covenant in or an incident of the contract of
sale." This Court then, on the facts of the case, found that the movement
of cement from another State into Mysore was the result of a covenant in the
contract of sale or incident of such contract. This Court did not go into the
question as to whether the property had (1) [1961] 1 S.C.R. 379: 11 S.T.C. 655.
(2) [1963] 3 S.C.R. 777:14 S.T.C. 175.
(3) [1963]3 S.C.R. 792: 14 S.T.C. 188.
358 passed before the movement of the goods
or not, and this was because according to the decision in Tata Iron and Steel
Co.
v. S. R. Sarkar(1) it did not matter whether
the property passed in one State or the other. Tata Iron & Steel Co.(1)
case was again followed by this Court in Singareni Collieries Co. v.
Commissioner of Commercial Taxes, Hyderabad(2).
The learned counsel for the respondent, Mr.
A. Ranganadham Chetty, invited us to hold that the observations of Shah, J., in
Tata Iron and Steel Co. (1) case were obiter, and to consider the question
afresh. We are unable to reopen the question at this stage. Shah, J., was
interpreting s. 3 of the Act, and although the Court was principally concerned
with the interpretation of s. 3(b), it was necessary to consider the
interpretation of s. 3(a) in order to arrive at the correct interpretation of s.
3(b). Further these observations were approved in The Cement Marketing Co. of
India v. The State of Mysore(3), The State Trading Corporation of India, v. The
State of Mysore(4) and Singareni Collieries Co. v. Commissioner of Commercial
Tax, Hyderabad(2). In the State Trading Corporation(4) case, in so far as the
assessment for the assessment year 1957-58 was concerned, this Court applied
the principles laid down in Tata Iron and Steel Co.(1) case. Accordingly we
hold that the High Court was wrong in holding that before a sale could be said
to have occasioned import it is necessary that the sale should have preceded
the import.
The next question that arises is whether the
movement of axle-box bodies from Belgium into Madras was the result of a
covenant in the contract of sale or an incident of such contract. It seems to
us that it is quite clear from the contract that it was incidental to the
contract that the axle-box bodies would be manufactured in Belgium, inspected
there and imported into India for the consignee. A Movement of goods from
Belgium to India was in pursuance of the conditions of the contract between the
assessee and the Director-General of Supplies. There was no possibility of
these goods being diverted by the assessee for any other purpose. Consequently
we hold that the sales took place in the course of import of goods within s.
5(2) of the Act, and are, therefore, exempt from taxation. A In the result the
appeals are allowed, the judgment of the High Court reversed and the assessment
orders quashed. The appellant will have his costs here and in the High Court.
One set of hearing fee.
Appeals allowed.
(1) [1961] 1 S.C.R. 379: 11 S.T.C. 655. (2)
[1966] 2 S.C.R. 190.
(3) [1963] 3 S.C.R. 777: 14 S.T.C. 175. (4)
[1963] 3 S.C.R.
792: 14 S.T.C. 188.
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