Mrs. Manorama S. Masurekar Vs. Mrs.
Dhanlaxmi G. Shah & ANR [1966] INSC 140 (23 August 1966)
23/08/1966 BACHAWAT, R.S.
BACHAWAT, R.S.
WANCHOO, K.N.
SHAH, J.C.
CITATION: 1967 AIR 1078 1967 SCR (1) 135
CITATOR INFO:
R 1968 SC1109 (11) RF 1973 SC 566 (10) RF
1991 SC 711 (13)
ACT:
Bombay Rents, Hotel and Lodging House Rates Control
Act (57 of 1947), s. 12(1) and (3) (a)-Scope of.
HEADNOTE:
The tenant of a flat was in arrears of rent
for more than six months. The landlord served a notice on the tenant demanding
the rent. The tenant did not pay it within one month of the notice, but
tendered it after the expiry of the month. The landlord refused to receive it
and filed a suit for eviction under s. 12(3) (a) of the Bombay Rents, Hotel and
Lodging House Rates Control Act, 1947. The tenant claimed the protection of s.
12(1) of the Act on the ground that she was ready -and willing to pay the rent
before the institution of the suit.
HELD : Under s. 12(3) (a), the landlord is
vested with the right to recover possession of the premises if the rent is in
arrears for six months or more, the tenant neglects to pay it until after the
expiry of one month after notice demanding the rent and other conditions of
sub-s.(3) (a) are saitisfied. This right cannot be defeated by showing that the
tenant was ready and willing to pay the rent after the default but before the
institution of the suit. In a case falling within sub-s. (3) (a), the tenant
must be dealt with under its special provisions and he cannot claim any protection
from eviction under the general provisions of sub-s. (1): and the court was
bound to pass a decree for eviction. [137 E, F] Bhaiya Punjalal Dhagwanddin v.
Dave Bhagwat Prosad Prabhuprasad, [19631 3 S.C.R. 312, followed.
Mohanlal v. Maheshwari Mills Ltd. (1962) 3
Guj. L.R. 574 and Ambala, v. Babaldas, (1962) 3 Guj. L.R. 625, overrules.
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal
No. 469 of 1966.
Appeal by special leave from the judgment and
decree dated November 25, 1965 of the Bombay High Court in Civil Revision
Application No. 1579 of 1962.
S. G. Patwardhan and M. V. Goswami, for the
appellant S.T. Desai and K. L. Hathi, for respondent No.1 The Judgment of the
Court was delivered by Bachawat, J. The question arising in this appeal by
special leave is whether in a case falling under sub-s.(3)(a) of s.
12 of the Bombay Rents, Hotel and Lodging
House Rates Control Act, 1947 (Act No. 57 of 1947), a tenant can claim
protection from eviction by showing his readiness and willingness to pay the
arrears of rent before the date of the institution of the suit. The appellant's
husband was a tenant of a flat The rent was in arrears 136 for a period of more
than six months. On December 22, 1956, the landlord served a notice on the
tenant demanding the rent. The tenant neglected to pay the rent within one
month of the notice. On January 11, 1957, he died. On February 4, 1957, the
appellant sent the arrears of rent to the landlord by money order, but the
landlord refused to accept the payment. On February 5, 1957, the landlord
instituted the present suit for eviction of the appellant. The trial Court
decreed the suit. The appellant filed a revision application before the Bombay
High Court, but this application was dismissed by the High Court.
It is to be noticed that the rent was in
arrears for a period of more than six months. The tenant neglected to make
payment of the arrears of rent within one month of the service of the notice by
the landlord under sub-s. (2) of s.12. The rent was payable by the month, and
there was no dispute regarding the amount of the rent. The case was, therefore,
precisely covered by sub-s. (3)(a) of s. 12.
Nevertheless, the appellant submitted that as
she was ready and willing to pay the rent before the institution of the suit,
she could claim protection under sub-s. (1) of s. 12.
She submitted that the decided cases support
this contention. In Mohanlal v. Maheshwari Mills Ltd.('), P. N. Bhagwati, J.
held that even in a case falling under sub-s.
(3) (a), a tenant could, by paying or showing
his readiness and willingness to pay the arrears of rent before the institution
of the suit, claim protection from eviction under sub-s. (1). A similar opinion
was expressed by a Divisional Bench of the Gujarat High Court in Ambalal v.
Babaidas(2). The judgment under appeal
dissented from the view expressed by the Gujarat High Court. The Bombay High
Court held, and, in our opinion, rightly, that in a case falling under sub-s.
(3)(a), the tenant could not claim protection from eviction by showing his readiness
and willingness to pay the rent before the institution of the suit.
Sub-section (1) of s. 12 imposes a general
restriction on the landlord's right to recover possession of the premises so
long as the tenant pays or is ready and willing to pay the rent and observes
and performs the other conditions of the tenancy. Subsection (2) of s. 12
imposes the further restriction that no suit for recovery of possession on the
ground of non-payment of rent shall be instituted by the landlord until the
expiration of one month after a notice in writing demanding the rent.
Sub-section (3)(a) provides for the consequences which will follow where the
rent is payable by the month, there is no dispute regarding the amount of rent,
the rent is in arrears for a period of six months or more, and the tenant
neglects to make payment within one month of the service of the notice under
sub-s (2). In such a case, the tenant (1) (1962) 3 Gujarat Law Reporter, 574 at
pp. 618 to 62).
(2) (1962) 3 Gujarat Law Reporter 625, 644.
137 cannot claim any protection under sub-s.
(1), and the Court is bound to pass a decree for eviction. At the material
time, sub-s. (3) (a) of s. 12 read :
"Where the rent is payable by the month
and there is no dispute regarding the amount of standard rent or permitted
increases, if such rent or increases are in arrears for a period of six months
or more and the tenant neglects to make payment thereof until the expiration of
the period of one month after notice referred to in sub-s (2), the Court may pass
a decree for eviction in any such suit for recovery of possession." The
word "may" in this sub-section has the effect of "shall".
In Bhatya Punjalal Bhagwanddin v. Dave Bhagwatprasad Prabhuprasad(l), this
Court held that where the requirements of sub-s. (3)(a) were satisfied, the
Court was bound to pass a decree for eviction. The section has now been
suitably amended, and the word "shall" has been substituted for the
word "may" by Maharashtra Act No. 14 of 1963.
If the conditions of sub-s. (3)(a) are satisfied,
the tenant cannot claim any protection from eviction under the Act. By
terdering the arrears of rent after the expiry of one month from the service of
the notice under sub-s. (2), he cannot claim the protection under sub-s. (1).
It is immaterial whether the tender was made before or after the institution of
the suit. In a case falling within sub-s. (3)(a), the tenant must be dealt with
under the special provisions of sub-s. (3)(a), and he cannot claim any
protection from eviction under the general provisions of sub-s. (1).
The landlord is vested with the right to
recover possession of the premises if the rent is in arrears for a period of
six months or more, "the tenant neglects to make payment thereof until the
expiration of the period of one month after notice referred to in sub-s.
(2)", and the other conditions of sub-s. (3)(a) are satisfied. This right
cannot be defeated by showing that the tenant was ready and willing to pay the
arrears of rent after the default, but before the institution of the suit. In
effect, the appellant asks us to rewrite the section and to substitute in it
the following condition : "the tenant neglects to make payment thereof
until the date of the institution of the suit." It is not possible to
rewrite the section in the manner suggested by the appellant.
The appellant's case fell precisely within
sub-s. (3)(a) and she could not obtain immunity from eviction by tendering the
rent before the institution of the suit.
The appeal is dismissed with costs.
V.P.S. Appral dismissed.
(1) [1963] 3 S.C.R. 312,330-331.
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