Employers in Relation to Digwadih
Colliery Vs. Their Workmen [1965] INSC 77 (22 March 1965)
22/03/1965 HIDAYATULLAH, M.
HIDAYATULLAH, M.
GAJENDRAGADKAR, P.B. (CJ) WANCHOO, K.N.
RAMASWAMI, V.
CITATION: 1966 AIR 75 1965 SCR (3) 448
CITATOR INFO:
F 1974 SC1166 (7) RF 1980 SC1219 (10)
ACT:
Industrial Disputes Act (14 of 1947), ss. 25B
and 25FContinuous service, meaning of.
HEADNOTE:
A badli workman worked as the appellant's
employee for more than 240 days, with interruptions in each of the calendar
years 1959 and 1960. He was retrenched in 1961. An industrial dispute having
arisen, it was referred to the Tribunal, which held, that the appellant was not
justified in terminating the services of the workman as the provisions of s.
25F of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 were not complied with.
In its appeal to this Court, the appellant
contended that the section could apply only if the workman had put in 240 days'
continuous service in any of the years 1959 and 1960.
HELD: Section 25B says that, for the purpose
of s. 25F a workman who, in a period of 12 calendar months has actually worked
for not less than 240 days shall be deemed to have completed one year of
continuous service. Service for 240 days in a period of 12 calendar months is
equal not only to service for a year but is to be deemed continuous service
even if interrupted. Therefore, though s. 25F speaks of continuous service for
not less than one year under the employer, both the conditions are fulfilled if
the workman has actually worked for 240 days during a period of 12 calendar
months. It is not necessary to read the definition of continuous service in s.
2(fee) into s. 25B, because, the fiction converts service of 240 days in a
period of the twelve calendar months into continuous service for one complete
year. [451C-E] The amendments introduced by the Industrial Disputes (Amendment)
Act, 1964 into ss. 25B and 25F only removed the discordance between the
unmended sections 25B and 25F (b) and vagueness which existed previously. But
neither before the amendments nor after, is uninterrupted service necessary, if
the total service is 240 days in a period of 12 calendar months. [452D-E]
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal
No. 43 of 1964, Appeal by special leave from the award, dated August 3, 1962 of
the Central Government Industrial Tribunal, Dhanbad in Reference No. 56 of
1961.
B. Sen and I.N. Shroff, for the appellants.
The respondent did not appear.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
Hidayatullah, J. This is an appeal by special leave against the Award dated
August 3, 1962, of the Central Government Industrial Tribunal Dhanbad, under
the Industrial Disputes Act 1947 448 449 The appellants are the Employers in
relation to Digwadih Colliery and the respondents their workmen. The workmen
did not appear in this Court. The dispute was whether the management of the
colliery was justified in terminating the services of Jaldhar Singh with back
wages.
Jaldhar Singh was a 'badli' workman which
means (as defined by the Standing Orders of the colliery) a person appointed in
the post of a permanent employee or probationer who is temporarily absent. He
worked as badli in the calendar years 1959 and 1960 in different capacities.
His employment was, of course, not continuous and -there were six breaks of one
day to a week in 1959 and eight breaks of one day to a week in 1960. However,
he worked for more than 240 days in each calendar year though with these
interruptions. In January 1961 the colliery terminated Jaldhar Singh's service
without notice to him or payment of wages in lieu of notice or compensation. A
dispute arising, conciliation was attempted but failed and the reference
followed.
Before the Tribunal the workmen claimed that
Jaldhar Singh was a permanent workman while the Employers contended that he was
temporary. The Employers stated that as some of the permanent staff had become
surplus, there was no need of badli workmen and the termination of Jaldhar
Singh's service was justified. The workmen attempted to prove that Jaldhar
Singh was permanent from 1960 and produced some documents from which they asked
that this inference be drawn but the Tribunal did not agree. The workmen relied
in the alternative upon s. 25F of the Act because Jaldhar Singh had put in
service of 240 days in each of the years and contended that as the Employers
had failed to comply with the provisions of s. 25F the termination of service
was illegal and unjustified. The Employers submitted that s. 25F could apply
only if Jaldhar Singh had put in 240 days' continuous service in any of the
years 1959 or 1960.
The service of Jaldhar Singh was admittedly
terminated as there was no work for him and not on account of disciplinary
action or voluntary retirement, superannuation or illhealth. This was thus a
case of retrenchment as defined in s. 2(00) of the Act. Section 25F, which was
inserted as part of Chapter VA, with effect from October 24, 1953 by the
Industrial Disputes (Amendment) Act 1953 (43 of 1953) provides:
"25F. Conditions precedent to
retrenchment of workmen.
No workman employed in any industry who has
been in continuous service for not less than one year under an employer shall
be retrenched by that employer until(a) the workman has been given one month's
notice in writing indicating the reasons for retrenchment and the period of
notice has expired, or the workman has 450 been paid in lieu of such notice,
wages for the period of the notice:
Provided that no such notice shall be
necessary if the retrenchment is under an agreement which specifies a date for
the termination of service;
(b) the workman has been paid, at the time of
retrenchment, compensation which shall be equivalent to fifteen days' average
pay for every completed year of service or any part thereof in excess of six
months;
and, (c) notice in the prescribed manner is
served on the appropriate Government," The section, if it applied, had
plainly not been complied with I in respect of any of the conditions precedents
Jaldhar Singh, as seen already, had not been given any notice or wages in lieu
of notice or paid compensation and no notice had been served on the appropriate
Government.
The termination of service would, in these
circumstances, be illegal. But the Employers pointed, out that s. 25F required
two conditions: (a) continuous service and (b) service for not less than one
year, and contended that these conditions were not fulfilled as the service was
not continuous but broken. They relied on the definition of "continuous
service" in s. 2(eee) which was introduced by the same amending Act:
"2(eee) continuous service means uninterrupted
service, and includes service which may be interrupted merely on account of
sickness or authorised leave or an accident or a strike which is not illegal,
or a lock-out or a cessation of work which is not due to any fault on the part
of the workman;" The workmen, on the other hand, relied upon the
provisions of s. 25B which read:
"25B. Definition of one year of
continuous service.
For the purposes of sections 25C and 25F, a
workman who, during a period of 12 calendar months, has actually worked in an
industry for not less than two hundred and forty days shall be deemed to have
completed one year of continuous service in the industry.
Explanation.-In computing the number of days
on which a workman has actually worked in any industry, the days on which(a) he
has been laid off under an agreement or as permitted by standing orders made
under the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946, or under this Act
or under any other law applicable to the industrial establishment, the largest
number of days during 451 which he has been so laid-off being taken into
account for the purposes of this clause, (b) he has been on leave with full
wages, earned in the, previous year, and (c) in the case of a female, she has
been on maternity leave; so however that the total period of such maternity
leave shall not exceed twelve weeks, shall be included." The definitions
in s. 2 of the Act do not apply if there is anything repugnant in the subject
or context and the question is whether the definition of "continuous
service" can at all apply in considering s. 25F when what is meant by the
expression "one year of continuous service" in s. 25F is, by s. 25B
specially stated. If s. 25B had not been enacted the contention of the
Employers would have been unanswerable for the words of s. 25F would then have
plainly meant that the service should be for a period of 12 months without
interruptions other than those stated in s. 2(eee) itself. But s. 25B says that
for the purpose of s. 25F a workman who, in a period of twelve calendar months
has actually worked for not less than 240 days shall be deemed to have
completed one year of continuous service. Service for 240 days in a period of
twelve calendar months is equal not only to service for a year but is to be
deemed continuous service even if interrupted. Therefore, though s. 25F speaks
of continuous service for not less than one year under the employer, both
conditions are fulfilled if the workman has actually worked for 240 days during
a period of twelve calendar months. It is not necessary to read the definition
of continuous service into s. 25B because the fiction converts service of 240
days in a period of twelve calendar months into continuous service for one
complete year.
Mr. B. Sen drew our attention to the
Industrial Disputes (Amendment) Act 1964 which was passed last December. By s. 2(iii)
of the amending Act of 1964 clause (eee) of the second section of the principal
Act was omitted and by s. 13, for s. 25B in the principal Act the following was
substituted:
"25B. For the purposes of this Chapter,(1)
a workman shall be said to be in continuous service for a period if he is. for
that period, in uninterrupted service, including service which may be
interrupted on account of sickness or authorized leave or an accident or a
strike which is not illegal, or a lock-out or a cessation of work which is not
due to any fault on the part of the workman;
(2) where a workman is not in continuous
service within the meaning of clause (1) for a period of one year 452 he shall
be deemed to be in continuous service under an employer(a) for a period of one
year, if the workman, during a period of twelve calendar months preceding the
date with reference to which calculation is to be made, has actually worked
under the employer for not less than(i) one hundred and ninety days in the case
of a workman employed below ground in a mine;
and (ii) two hundred and forty days, in any
other case;
The Explanation to s. 25B is the same,
mutatis mutandis as before. Mr. Sen contended that the change in the law
brought out his contention. We do not agree. The amended s. 25B only
consolidates the previous sections 25B and 2(eee) in one place, adding some
other matters which are not relevant to the present purpose, but the purport of
the new provisions is not different. In fact the amendment of s. 25F of the
principal Act by substituting in cl. (b) the words "for every completed
year of continuous service" for the words "for every completed year
of service" now removes a discordance between the unamended section 25B
and the unamended cl. (b) of s. 25B. Neither before these several changes nor
after is uninterrupted service necessary if the total service is 240 days in a
period of twelve calendar months. The only change in the new Act is that this
service must be during a period of twelve calendar months preceding the date
with reference to which calculation is to be made.
The last amendment now removes a vagueness
which existed in the unamended s. 25B.
We accordingly hold that the decision under
appeal is correct.
The appeal fails and is dismissed.
Appeal dismissed.
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