Charu Chandra Kundu Vs. Gurupada Ghosh
[1961] INSC 218 (5 May 1961)
SHAH, J.C.
DAS, S.K.
HIDAYATULLAH, M.
CITATION: 1962 AIR 1119 1962 SCR (2) 833
CITATOR INFO :
R 1962 SC1121 (6) RF 1971 SC 671 (6)
ACT:
Production of document-Assessment
proceedings-Law prohibiting income-tax authorities from disclosure Production
of proceedings into court--Waiver by assessee--Indian Income-tax Act, 6122 (11
of 1922). s. 54.
HEADNOTE:
In a suit instituted by the respondent for
the recovery of monies which he alleged were due to him from the appellant, the
latter pleaded that the liability had been discharged.
In support of that plea the appellant sought
to tender in evidence a statement which he said had been made by the respondent
before the Income-tax Officer in certain proceedings relating to the assessment
of Income-tax of the appellant for the year 1949-50. For this purpose the
appellant applied to the trial court praying that the Commissioner of
Income-tax might be asked to arrange for the production before the court of the
record of the statement made by the respondent. On objection raised by the
Commissioner of Income-tax, the court held that he could not be required to
produce the statement, in view of the prohibitions imposed by s. 54 of the
Indian Income-tax Act, 1922. The appellant contended that the prohibition
contained in s. 54 of the Act related only to the evidence given by an assessee
himself and not to that of other witnesses, and that, in any event, the
provisions in that section being in the interest of and for the protection of
the assessee only, if the assessee waived the privilege, the prohibition
contained therein would be inoperative.
Held, that the prohibition imposed in s. 54
of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922, is absolute and the operation of the
section is not obliterated by any waiver by the assessee in whose assessment
the evidence was tendered, document pro- duced or record, prepared.
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal
No. 206 of 1959.
Appeal by special leave from the judgment and
order dated May 28, 1456, of the Calcutta High Court, in Civil Rule No. 3317 of
1955.
N. C. Chatterjee, A. K. Dutta and P.K.
Chatterjee, for the appellant.
834 The respondent, did not appear.
1961. May 5. Judgment of the, Court was
delivered by SHAH, J.-Gurupada Ghosh respondent to this appeal filed suit No.
41 of 1953 in the 6th court of the Subordinate Judge at Alipore, District 24
Parganas" West Bengal, for a money decree against the appellant-Charu
Chandra Kundu-for Rs. 32,132-12-3 claiming that he had advanced to appellant on
May 11, 1949, "by way of temporary accommodation loan" Rs. 30,000/-
by a cheque drawn upon the Comilla Union Bank, Calcutta, and that the appellant
had in two instalments repaid Rs. 5,500/- out of the amount advanced and the
balance of Rs. 24,500/- with interest remained due and payable by the
appellant. The appellant pleaded by his written statement that a loan of Rs.
30,000/- was advanced by the respondent to him and his wife Chapalabala and a
promissory note was in consideration thereof executed by the borrowers in
favour of the respondent and as collateral security for the loan, title deeds
of certain immovable properties belonging to the said Chapalabala were
deposited with the respondent and that thereafter between September 7, 1949,
and April 13, 1953, the appellant had repaid an aggregate amount of Rs.
37,000/- and the respondent having relinquished a sum of Rs. 235-7-0 on account
of interest on such repayment the debt was discharged and in acknowledgment
thereof, the promissory note and the title deeds of the immovable properties
lodged with the respondent were, returned. The appellant also raised other
pleas which are not material for the purposes of this appeal. On the pleadings,
the burden of proving repayment lay upon the appellant.
The appellant applied to the Subordinate
Judge for the issue of a summons to the Commissioner of Income-tax directing
that officer to arrange to produce "through a competent officer 835 the
original file and depositions given "by the respondent" before the
Income-tax Officer I Division in the assessment of Charu Chandra Kundu."
The Commissioner of Income-tax in- formed the court that having regard to the
prohibitions imposed by s. 54 of the Income-tax Act, he was unable to produce
any of the statements, returns, accounts, documents or records of assessment
proceedings under the Income-tax Act or to give evidence in support thereof.
The appellant then applied that the objection of the Commissioner of Income-tax
be over-ruled and that the Incometax Officer or any other competent officer be
directed to produce the statement made by the respondent and recorded on
February 22, 1950, in the proceedings for assessment of the income of the
appellant. In that petition, by paragraph 10, the appellant submitted that
"on a true construction of s. 54 of the Indian Income-tax Act, the
exemption from disclosure and production relate only to the evidence or
deposition etc.
made by an assessee himself and not to
depositions or evidence of other witnesses. In any event, the disclosure and
production etc. prohibited by s. 54 of the income-tax Act being in the interest
of the assessee only, the assessee himself can waive this special protection
and privilege" and that the appellant waived his right to the protection
and privilege 'under s. 54 of the Income-tax Act.
It was the case of the appellant that in
certain proceedings relating to assessment of incometax of the appellant for
the year 1949-50, the respondent had on February 22, 1950, made a statement
before the Income-tax Officer, and to support his defence in the suit he
desired that the statement be produced before the court. The trial court upheld
the objection raised by the Commissioner of Income-tax that in view of s. 54,
he could not be required to produce the statement he was summoned to produce,
and the High Court of Judicature at Calcutta in exercise of its jurisdiction
836 under a. 115 of the Code of Civil Procedure confirmed that view.
Section 54 of the Income-tax Act by the first
sub-section declares all particulars contained in any statement made, return
furnished or accounts or documents produced under the provisions of the
Income-tax Act or in any evidence given, or affidavit or deposition made, in
the course of any proceedings of any assessment proceedings under Ch. VIII, or
in any record of any assessment proceedings or any proceeding relating to the
recovery of a demand prepared for the purposes of the Act, shall be treated as
confidential.
The sub-section then proceeds to state that
notwithstanding anything contained in the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, no court
shall save as provided in the Act, be entitled to require any public servant to
produce before it any such return, accounts, documents or record or any part of
any such record or to give evidence before it in respect thereof. By sub-s.
(2), a public servant disclosing any particular contained in any such document,
return, accounts, documents, evidence, affidavit, deposition or record is
liable to be punished with imprisonment which may extend to six months and also
with fine. These provisions however do not apply to certain documents specified
in cls. (a) to (p) of sub-s.3.
It is manifest that disclosure of information
given to public servants in the course of income-tax proceedings ha a by a
comprehensive provision been prohibited. The Income- tax authorities are
directed by the provision to treat the information disclosed, evidence given,
and documents produced as confidential : the courts are prohibited from
requiring any public servant to produce the documents or the records and even
to give evidence in respect thereof, and the. public servants disclosing the
particulars of the evidence, documents or record are penalised. The statement
alleged to be made by the respondent in the assessment 837 proceedings is not
of the nature described in subs. (3) of s. 54, and is therefore not exempt from
the operation of sub-ss. (1) and (2). There- being an express interdict against
the court requiring production of the document, the Subordinate Judge was right
in declining to accede to the request of the appellant.
Mr. Chatterjee appearing on behalf of the
appellant contends that s. 54 is enacted only for the protection of the
assesses,, and if the assessee waives the privilege enacted for his protection,
the prohibition contained therein will be inoperative. But there is no such
exception, express or implied, in the language used by the legislature. The pro-
hibition imposed against, the court by s. 54 is absolute :
its operation is not obliterated by any
waiver by the assessee in whose assessment the evidence is tendered, document
produced or record prepared.
Mr. Chatterjee relied upon Buchibai v..Nyagpur
University (1) in support of his contention that an assessee is entitled to
waive the privilege which confers protection upon him by s. 54. In that case,
however, the only question which fell to- be determined was whether certified
copies of statements recorded or orders passed by the Income-tax authorities
were admissible in evidence under s. 65 of the Evidence Act to prove the
contents of those documents. The court in that case observed :
"The direction that such document
(documents described in s. 54) shall be treated as confidential is a direction
to officials of the Income-tax Department and in our opinion it is open to an
assessee to waive that right and to give evidence, if he desires, or
particulars contained in such a record, as was held, in Rama Rao v.
Venkataramayya(2).
There is nothing in. s. 54 which prohibits
the giving (1) (1947) 15 I.T.R. 150.
(2) I.L.R, (1940) Mad. 996.
838 of such evidence; the section merely
directs officials of the Income-tax Department to treat such documents as confidential
and prohibits the Court from requiring public servants to produce such,
documents or to give evidence about such documents." But the question
whether a certified copy. of the statement made by the respondent before the
Income-tax Officer is admissible does not fall to be determined in this appeal.
The Subordinate Judge expressly recorded in
the proceeding dated November 18, 1955, that he did "not mean to say that,
certified copy of the document will not be admissible in evidence at the time
of the trial of the suit if the said certified copy is otherwise found to be
admissible in evidence." Buchibai's case (1) is a decision About the
admissibility of a certified copy of the statement made by one Laxminarayan to
the Assistant Commissioner of Income-tax it did not decide that the court could
require, production by summons of the original statements from the records of
the Assistant Commissioner.
A similar view as to admissibility of
certified copies of statements made before the Income-tax authorities was also
expressed in Rama Rao v. Venkataramaya (2) Suraj Narain v. Seth Jhabhu Lal and
Others (1) and Banarsi Devi v. Janki Devi(4). We may observe that we are not
called upon to express any opinion on the correctness or otherwise of these
decisions. Suffice it to say that they have no application to the question to
be determined in this appeal.
The appeal fails and is dismissed.
Appeal dismissed.
(1) (1947) 15 I. T. R. 130. (2) I.T.R. (1940)
Mad. 969.
(3) (1945) 13 I.T.R. 13. (4) A.I.R. 1959 Pat.
172.
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