Joginder Singh & Ors Vs. The
Deputy Custodian General of Evacuee Property [1961] INSC 214 (4 May 1961)
MUDHOLKAR, J.R.
SUBBARAO, K.
DAYAL, RAGHUBAR
CITATION: 1967 AIR 145 1962 SCR (2) 738
CITATOR INFO :
R 1979 SC1328 (16)
ACT:
Evacuee Property--Quasi-permanent allotment
of rural property-Cancellation of-Custodian General-Power to cancel allotment
after July 22,1952-Administration of Evacuee Property Act, 1950 (31 of 1950)
ss. 26 and 27-Administration of Evacuee Property Rules, r. 14 (6).
HEADNOTE:
Respondents Nos. 4 to 9 who were displaced
persons from Pakistan, were allotted certain rural lands in village Karodian on
a quasi-permanent basis. On information being received from Pakistan that they were entitled to urban allotment their allotment in village Karodian was
cancelled and they were allotted urban land. The land thus vacated in village
Karodian was allotted to the appellants. On July 22, 1952, r. 14(6) of the Administration of Evacuee Property Rules was amended and the power of the
custodian to cancel quasi-permanent allotments of rural evacuee property was
taken away except in certain enumerated circumstances.
Thereafter respondents Nos. 4 to 9 applied to
the Custodian for shifting back their allotment to village Karodian on the
ground that they were really' entitled to allotment of rural property. The
Custodian dismissed the application holding that r. 14(6) did not permit the
cancellation of the allotment of the appellants. Respondents Nos. 4 to 9 filed
a revision application before the Custodian General who allowed the application
and cancelled the allotment of the appellants. The appellants contended that
the Custodian General had no power to cancel their allotment. The respondents
replied that the wide powers of the Custodian General under s.27 of Administration
of Evacuee Property Act 1950, were not affected by the restrictions imposed by
the amended r. 14 (6) on the power of the Custodian to cancel allotments.
Held, that the Custodian General had no power
to cancel an allotment of rural property made on a quasi-permanent basis in a
revision application against an order of the Custodian made after July 22,
1952. The power of the Custodian under s. 10 of the Act to cancel allotments
was subject to the rules. The amended r. 14(6) restricted the power of the
Custodian to cancel such an allotment to the circumstances mentioned therein
and the present case did not fall within any of those exceptions. Amended r.
14(6) could not be resorted to for cancellation of allotments made before July, 22, 1952. The power of the Custodian General under s. 27 of the Act was to see whether
the order passed by the Custodian was legal and proper ; he had no power to do
something which the Custodian could not have done or which he was prohibited
from doing.
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal
No. 457/58.
Appeal from the Judgment and order dated September 12, 1956, of the Punjab High Court in Letters Patent Appeal No. 38 of 1955.
N. C. Chatterjee and Naunit Lal, for the
appellants.
Nanak Chand, for the respondents Nos. 4 to 9.
1961. May 4. The Judgment of the Court was
delivered by MUDHOLKAR, J.-In this appeal under Art. 133 (1) (c) of the
Constitution the question which arises for consideration is whether after July
22, 1952 the Custodian of' Evacuee Property in the State of Punjab of the
Custodian General hearing an appeal from an order made by the Custodian after
July 22, 1952 has the power to cancel an allotment of rural evacuee property on
a quasi-permanent basis except upon the grounds set out in r. 14 (6) of the
Administration of Evacuee Property Rules, 1950 as amended by notification No.
S. R. 0. 1290 dated July 22, 1952.
The circumstances under which this question
arises may now be briefly stated. The appellants and their father Nand Singh
were displaced persons from West Pakistan and got allotment of some land in the
village Raikot, District Ludhiana on a temporary basis. Later, each of the
appellants 1 to 3 was allotted 8-1/3 standard acres of land on a
quasi-permanent basis while Nail(] Singh, their father who was entitled to 41
standard acres and 7 units and to whom land to that extent had been temporarily
allotted in the 740 village Raikot was allotted the same acreage of land in the
village Hambran which is situate at a distance of 25 or 30 miles from Raikot.
Nand Singh made an application for revising the order under which this was done
but he died in the year 1951, during the pendency of that application. The
appellants as his legal representatives continued the application. That
application was rejected and revision application made against the order passed
thereunder was also rejected on the ground that after July 22, 1952 the
Additional Custodian was not competent to cancel an allotment made in favour of
any person except upon the grounds set out in r. 14 (6) of the Evacuee Property
Rules.
Respondents 4 to 9 owned lands in Chak No.
127, G. B.
Jaranwala, District Lyallpur and are also
displaced persons.
They were, therefore, allotted certain lands
in the village Karodian as quasi-permanent allottees. Subsequently some revenue
papers were received from Pakistan from which it appeared that they were
entitled to urban allotment. They, therefore, brought this matter before the
Deputy Commissioner exercising the powers of Deputy Custodian.
Thereupon he cancelled the allotment in their
favour sometime in the year 1952 and proposed to the Additional Custodian, who
was also acting as Director of Relief and Rehabilitation, for the allotment of
the lands which were originally allotted to the respondents to others.
Appellant No. 2, Gopal Singh, on behalf of
his father Nand Singh applied to the Director of Relief and Rehabilitation that
the allotment in the name of his father Nand Singh might be shifted from the
village Hambran' to the village Karodian. The. Additional Custodian not only
allowed the Application of Gopal Singh and shifted the allotment of Nand Singh
to the village Karodian but he also shifted the entire allotment of the
appellants Nos. 1 to 3 from the village Raikot to the village Karodian with 741
the result that the lands allotted to the family were consolidated in the same
village. The appellants thereupon obtained possession of the Karodian lands.
Respondents 4 to 9 were allotted urban lands,
which according to the appellants are more valuable and are of a superior
quality. They did not prefer an application for review of the order of
cancellation of their earlier allotment or of the order passed by the
Additional Custodian allotting their lands to the appellants.
Six months later, however, respondents 4 to 9
preferred an application before the Additional Custodian stating therein that
the land abandoned by them in West Pakistan was rural and that their allotment
should be shifted back to the village Karodian. To this application they did
not make the appellants parties. The Additional Custodian held that he could
not cancel the allotment in favour of the appellants in view of r. 14(6) of the
Evacuee Property Rules already referred to. He, however, recommended the case
to the Custodian General of India by his memo, dated October 14, 1953, for
taking appropriate action. The Deputy Custodian General who heard the case sent
it back to the Additional Custodian observing therein that if the respondents 4
to 9 are restored to their original lands the persons to whom those lands had
been allotted will have to be shifted elsewhere and this process may involve
"an interminable chain of cancellation of allotments." He also
observed that if the Additional Custodian could not cancel the allotment
because of the coming into force of the amended r. 14 (6), the Custodian General
also would be incompetent to cancel it. Thereafter the Additional Custodian
heard the application of the respondents 4 to 9 on merits and dismissed it.
Against his order dismissing the application respondents 4 to 9 preferred a
revision application before the Custodian General. Curiously enough the Deputy
Custodian General, 742 who heard it, this time granted the application and set
aside the allotment in favour of the appellants. The appellants thereafter
moved the High Court of Punjab under Art. 226 of the Constitution. The matter
went up before a single Judge of the High Court who dismissed the petition
observing as follows :
"If the order of cancellation against
the present opposite parties was made after the 22nd July, 1952, the order was
inoperative in view of Rule 14 (6) and if it be said that the order of
allotment was after the date then Rule 14 (6) is not bar to the cancellation of
the order. In either case I am of the opinion that there is no error in the
order of - the Custodian General sufficient for the purpose of quashing his
order ." The appellants thereupon preferred an appeal under the Letters
Patent which was also dismissed by a Division Bench of the High Court. The
substance of the reasoning of the learned Judges is that the allotment in
favour of respondents 4 to 9 was wrongly cancelled and it was the duty of the
Custodian to restore to 'them the lands from which they were ousted. They also
said that the provisions of r.
14 (6) (lid not preclude the Deputy Custodian
General from exercising the powers conferred upon him by s. 27 of the Administration
of Evacuee Property Act or prevented him from cancelling the allotment made
after July 22, 1952.
The view taken by the Division Bench to the
effect that r. 14 (6) did not stand in the way of the Custodian General of the
Custodian from restoring the lands to the respondents the allotment with
respect to which was wrongly cancelled by the Custodian cannot be sustained. No
doubt it is one of the highest duties of all courts to take care that the act
of the court does not do injury to suitors; but the court must have power to
rectify the wrong.
743 Such power may either inhere in the Court
or may be expressly conferred by statute. The law does not confer any express
power on the Custodian to make restitution. But we will assume that be had
inherent power to do so. Just as power can be conferred expressly by statute it
can also be taken away or restricted and where it is taken away or restricted
then, whether the power was statutory in its origin or was inherent in the
court, it will be either wholly unexercisable or exercisable only subject to
the conditions laid down in the statute, as the case may be.
Here we have the notification dated July 22,
1952 which substituted the present sub-r. 6 of r. 14 for the original sub-r. 6.
The amended sub-rule has placed a limitation on the powers of the Custodian to
cancel allotment of rural evacuee property on a quasi-permanent basis. The
result is that an allotment of such land can be cancelled only in the
circumstances specified in that sub-rule. Therefore, subsequent to July 22,
1952 the Custodian of Evacuee Property would have the power to cancel an
allotment only upon a ground which falls within the exceptions enumerated in
sub-r. 6. Making of restitution is not within the exceptions and, therefore, it
will have to, be said that the inherent power of the Custodian to cancel an
allotment for making restitution has been abrogated by the amended sub- rule.
The other argument of the Division Bench is
to the effect that the powers of the Custodian General under s. 27 are
untouched by sub-r. 6 of r. 14 and that despite the making of this rule the
Custodian General was not prevented from cancelling an allotment made after
July 22, 1952. Now s. 27 of the Act provides that the Custodian General may
call for the record of any proceeding in which 4 District Judge or a Custodian
has passed an order for the purpose of satisfying himself as to the legality or
propriety of any such order and may pass such order in relation thereto as he
thinks At.
The 744 District Judge or the Custodian can
in any matter before him do only that which the act or the rules made there under
permit or require him to do. If he fails to do what he is required to do or if
he does something which he is not permitted to do or if he commits an error in
doing an act which he is permitted to do, the Custodian General has the power
to order that to be done which the law requires the Custodian or the District
Judge to do or to quash that which has illegally been done or to rectify the
error which the Custodian or the District Judge has committed. He has no power
to do something which the Custodian or District Judge could not have done or
was prohibited from doing. Clearly, therefore, the High Court was in error in
holding that the limitations placed by the present sub-r. 6 of r. 14 did not
affect the power of the Custodian General.
The learned single Judge as well as the
Division Bench have taken the view that where an allotment is made in favour of
a displaced person subsequent to July 22, 1952, the provisions of sub-r. 6 of
r. 14 did not preclude the Custodian from cancelling that allotment. This view
is sought to be supported by Mr. Nanak Chand on behalf of respondents 4 to 9
on, what he says, the language of sub-r.
6 of r. 14. He says that according to this
sub-rule what the Custodian is precluded from doing is to cancel an allotment
which had already been made, that is, made before the coming into force of the
sub-rule except upon certain grounds and does not place any further
restrictions. We do not find any justification for placing such a restricted
interpretation upon the plain language of the Sub-rule.
Learned counsel then referred to the second
proviso to the sub-rule and contended that it supported the interpretation
which he was placing. The proviso reads thus :
"Provided that where an allotment is
cancelled or varied under clause (ii) the allottee 745 shall be entitled to
retain such portion of the land to which he would have been entitled under the
scheme of quasi-permanent allotment of land:
Provided further that nothing in this sub
rule shall apply to any application for revision, made under s. 26 or s. 27 of
the Act, within the prescribed time, against an order passed by a lower
authority on or before 22nd July, 1952." How this proviso supports the
argument of the learned counsel is difficult to appreciate. The proviso was not
originally there when sub-r. 6 was amended on July 22, 1952.
It is possible that a doubt was entertained
after the making of this sub rule on the question whether the Custodian General
or the Custodian before whom a revision application had been made against an
order passed before July 22, 1952, could make an order cancelling the
allotment. Apparently to remove the doubt such as may have existed this proviso
had been added.
Then learned counsel contended that this sub rule
cannot take away the wide powers conferred upon the Custodian by s. 10 of the
Act. No doubt s. 10 confers wide powers on the Custodian but the opening words
of the section show that the powers conferred thereby are subject to the
provisions of ruler, made under the Act and s. 56 (2) (i) enables the Central
Government to make rules to provide for "circumstances in which leases and
allotments may be cancelled or terminated or the terms of any lease, or
agreement varied." We, have, therefore, no doubt that the High Court was
in error in holding that sub-r. 6 of' r. 14 was not a bar to the, exercise by
the Custodian General of the power to cancel an allotment after July 22, 1952.
Having failed on the point which alone finds
a place in the statement of the cases of both the 746 parties, Mr. Nanak Chand
raised a contention that the allotment in favour of the appellants was itself
bad because the cancellation of the allotment in favour of the respondents 4 to
9 was in contravention of r. 14 (6) and that, therefore, the appellants were
not entitled to the relief from the High Court under Art. 226 of the
Constitution and accordingly are not entitled to any relief in this Court.
Since the respondents have not relied upon this ground in the statement of
their case we are not prepared to consider it. There may be more than one
answer to the point urged by the respondents and had they specifically raised
it in their statement of case, the appellants would have been in a position to
give an appropriate answer.
Accordingly we allow the appeal with costs
and quash the orders of the High Court as well as of the Deputy Custodian
General.
There is one more matter to which we must
refer. It is this. During the hearing of the appeal learned counsel for the
appellant brought to our notice the fact that on the records of the proceedings
before the Deputy Custodian General there was a slip of paper from which it
would appear that Deputy Custodian General had been approached by the then
Speaker of the Punjab Assembly apparently on behalf of the respondents. We,
therefore, asked for a report from the High Court. That report has come and it
exonerates both the ex-Deputy Custodian General as well as the ex-Speaker. We
are not satisfied with the report. However, considering the fact that the
matter has become quite stale and we have allowed the appeal we do not propose
to examine the matter further.
Appeal allowed.
Back