Donald Miranda Vs. The Commissioner of
Income-Tax, Bombay City-II [1961] INSC 73 (1 March 1961)
KAPUR, J.L.
HIDAYATULLAH, M.
SHAH, J.C.
CITATION: 1961 AIR 1233 1962 SCR (1) 133
CITATOR INFO :
RF 1969 SC 572 (4,5)
ACT:
Income Tax-Refund of excess profits
tax-Liability to income- tax-Discontinuance of business Profits for accounting
year exempt from tax-Excess Profits Tax Act 1940 (15 of 1940), S. 12(1)-Indian
Finance Act, 1946 (7 of 1946), S. 11(11)-India Income-tax Act, 1922 (11
of.1922), SS. 10, 12.
HEADNOTE:
The appellants were partners in a registered
firm which was dissolved on March 24, 1945. A private limited company succeeded
to the business of the firm from March 25, 1945.
For the accounting period April 1, 1944, to March 24, 1945, the firm was assessed to excess profits tax under the Excess
Profits Tax Act, 1940. It had deposited certain sums of money as required under
s. 10 of the Indian Finance- Act, 1942, read with S. 2 Of the Excess Profits
Tax Ordinance, 1943, and in accordance with those provisions became entitled to
repayment of a portion of the excess profits tax. The appellant's claim before
the Income. tax Officer under s. 25(4) of the 'Indian Income-tax Act, 1922,
that no tax was payable on the profits of the firm for the period between April
1, 1944, to March 24, 1945, was allowed, but their plea that the amount of
refund of the excess profits tax was business profit and therefore similarly
exempt from tax, was rejected. The High Court, on a reference, took the view
that the amount refunded was income from other sources taxable under s. 12 Of
the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922, and that, therefore, the appellants were not
entitled to the benefit of S. 25(4) Of that Act.
Held, that in view of s. 12(1) of the Excess
Profits Tax Act, 1940, and s. II(II) of the Indian Finance Act, 1946, the
amount refunded was income from business for the purposes of the Indian
Income-tax Act, 1922, and did not lose its character which it had before the
deposit. It fell under s. 10 of the Indian Income-tax Act and was, therefore,
exempt under S. 25(4) of that Act.
Mc Gregor and Baljbur Ltd. v. Commissioner of
Income-tax, Bengal, [1959] 36 I.T R. 65 and A. & W. Nesbitt Ltd. v.
Mitchell, [1926] II T.C. 2II, relied on.
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeals
Nos. 173 to 175 of 1960.
134 Appeals from the judgment and orders
dated March 11, 1958, of the Bombay High Court in I. T. R. No. 36 of 1957.
of...A. V. ViSwanatha Sastri, S. M. Dubash
and G. Gopalakrishnan, for the appellants.
K. N. Rajagopal Sastri and D. Gupta, for
respondents.
1961. March 1. The Judgment of the Court was
delivered by KAPUR, J.-These are three appeals pursuant to a certificate under
a. 66A(2) of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922 (hereinafter called the 'Act),
against the judgment and orders of the High Court of Bombay in Income-tax
Reference No. 36 of 1957.
The appeals though directed against the same
order are three in number because each partner of the firm has brought a
separate appeal. The firm was carrying on the business of wine merchants at
Bombay and came into existence prior to April 1, 1939. The firm had been
assessed to income-tax under the provisions of the Income-tax Act of 1918. The
firm which was registered under the provisions of the Income-tax Act of 1922
(hereinafter termed the Act) was dissolved on March 24, 1945, and from the day
following that i.e. March 25, 1945, a Private limited company i.e. S. S.
Miranda and Co. Ltd. succeeded to the
business of the firm.
A claim made under s. 25(4) of the Act to the
effect that no tax was payable on the profits of the registered firm for the
period between April 1, 1944, to March 24, 1945, was allowed. In respect of the
chargeable accounting period April 1, 1944, to March 24, 1945, the registered
firm was taxed to excess profits tax under the Excess Profits Tax Act, 1940. It
also deposited as required certain sums of money tinder s. 10 of the Finance
Act, 1942, read with s. 2 of the Excess Profits Tax Ordinance, 1943. In
accordance with those provisions the firm became entitled to repayment of a
portion of the excess profits tax amounting to a sum of Rs. 2,35,704. The
shares of the three partners who are respective appellants in 135 the three
appeals were James Miranda Rs.. 58,926, Donald Miranda Rs. 58,926 and Mrs. N.
Q. Miranda Rs. 1,17,854. It was submitted that the amount refunded, was
business profit and therefore exempt con from tax under s. 25(4) of the Act.
The Income-tax Officer rejected that
submission and the share of each of the appellants was assessed to income-tax
and super tax and the balance after deducting the same he repaid to each of the
partners but he computed the rate applicable to the tax by including the
appellants' total business income which was exempt under s;. 25(4) of the Act.
On appeal this assessment was confirmed but
on further appeal the Income-tax, Appellate Tribunal held that the sum which
was refunded was income from business and was therefore, exempt from income-tax
under s. 25(4) of the Act.
At the instance of the Commissioner of
Income-tax, the Tribunal referred the following question of law for the opinion
of the High Court:
"Whether the repayment of excess profits
tax made by the Central Government in pursuance of Section 10 of the Indian
Finance Act, 1942, or Section 2 of the Excess Profits Tax Ordinance, 1943, is
profits from business for the purposes of Section 25(4) of the Indian
Income-tax Act?" The High Court held that the amount so refunded was
income from other sources taxable under s. 12 of the Act and the appellants
were therefore not entitled to the benefit of s.
25(4) of the Act. In dealing with the nature
of the tax the learned Chief Justice said:- .lm15 "Clearly the view of the
Legislature was that this income should be treated as a statutory income with
the consequences that must necessarily follow by reason of its being a
statutory income." It was argued on behalf of the appellants that the
amount refunded was income, profits and gains from business and fell under s.
10 of the Act and was therefore exempt under s. 25(4) of the Act. For the
determination of this question it is necessary to refer to the relevant
provisions of the Excess Profits Tax Act, 1940, and the Finance Act, 1946.
Section 12(1) of the Excess Profits Tax Act
was as follows:- 136 .lm15 S....12(1) "The amount of the excess profits
tax payable in respect of a business for any chargeable accounting period
diminished by any amount allowable by way of relief under the provisions of
section 11 or section 11-A shall, in computing for the purposes of income-tax
or super tax the profits and gains of that business, be allowed to be deducted
as an expense incurred in that period.", The relevant part of s. 11(11) of
the Indian Finance Act, 1946, provided:-- "Any sum being excess profits
tax repaid in respect of any chargeable accounting period under the provision;
of section 10 of the Indian Finance Act, 1942, or of section 2 of the Excess
Profits Tax Ordinance, 1943, shall be deemed to be income for the purposes of
the Indian Income-tax Act 192 2, and shall, notwithstanding the provisions of
section 34 of that Act, be treated as income of the previous year which
constitutes or includes the chargeable accounting period in respect of which
the said sum is repayable:
Provided that any such sum repaid in respect
of any profits which are. also assessable to excess profits tax under the law
in force in the United Kingdom shall be treated, for the purpose of assessment
to income-tax and super tax, as income of the previous year during.
which the repayment is made." It is not
necessary to quote s. 10(1) of the Finance Act, 1942, or the relevant
provisions of the Excess Profits Tax Ordinance, 1943. Section 12(1) of the
Excess Profits Tax Act shows that the amount of excess profits tax payable ,in
respect of a business for any chargeable accounting period was an allowable
expenditure. Under s. ll(ll) of the Indian Finance Act, 1946, any excess
profits refunded under the provisions of Indian Finance Act, 1942, or of s. 2
of the Excess Profits Tax Ordinance, 1943, were deemed to be income and were to
be treated as income of the previous year which constituted or which included
the chargeable accounting period in respect of 'which the said sum was
repayable.
Thus the sum repaid was 137 to be treated as
income for the purposes of the Act for the previous year, notwithstanding s. 34
of the Act.
The preamble of the Excess Profits Tax Act
shows that the object of that Act was to impose a tax on profits arising out of
certain businesses. Therefore when any portion of the tax collected on excess
profits tax was refunded under the provisions of the Finance Act, 1942 or the
Excess Profits Tail, Ordinance,'1943, it necessarily had the same quality which
it had before the amount which was charged with the payment of tax had under
the provisions of those Acts. In a, judgment of this Court, Mc Gregor. and
Balfour Ltd. v. Commissioner of Income Tax, West Bengal (1), the amount
received as a refund by the assessee was held to be income for the purpose of
the Act and for assessment it was treated as income of the previous year. After
reference in that case to R. 4(1) of the Rules applicable to oases I and II of
Schedule 'D'. of the English Income Tax Act, 1918 (8 and 9 Geo. V, c. 40), it
was observed "The object and purpose of the legislation in each case is
the same, and though the two provisions are not ipsissima verba, they are
substantially in the same words and also in pari materia.
There can be no doubt that the intention
underlying the two provisions is the same and the language is substantially
similar." Thus this Court was of the opinion that the intention of the
legislature ins. 11(14), of the Indian Finance Act, 1946, which was the section
applicable in that case and of R. 4(1) of the English Income Tax Act was the
same. The operative words of s. 11(11) of the Finance Act, 1946, and of s. 11(14)
of that Act are almost identical.
It would, thus appear that the amount of
excess profits tax was an allowable deduction for the purpose of computation of
the business profits of an, assessee under s. 12(1) of the Excess Profits Tax
Act and when it or a portion of it wag refunded it had to be treated as income
of the assessee.
When it was deposited with 138 the Central
Government it was a portion of the profits of the business of the assessee and
when it was returned to the assessee it must be restored to its character of
being a part of the profits of a business. It cannot be said that its nature
changes merely because it is refunded as 'a consequence of some provisions in
the Finance Act or the Excess Profits Tax Ordinance. Its nature remains the
same.
The effect of the deposit under the Acts
above-mentioned, was as if a slice of the business profit was taken and
deposited with the Central Government Treasury and then when it was found that
a larger amount had been deposited than was exigible a portion of it was
returned. By being put in a Government Treasury it does not cease to be what it
was before i.e. profits of a business. As we have said it is significantly clear
from the very preamble of the Excess Profits Tax Act i.e., it was a tax imposed
on profits arising out of certain businesses. An argument was raised on behalf
of the Commissioner that the tax was not paid out of the profits of the
business, but in respect of the profits. That is immaterial; it was charged,
levied and paid on the amount by which the profits during any chargeable
accounting period exceeded the standard profits.
It would be mere quibbling with words if one
were to say that it was not a slice taken out of the profits of a business.
In the cage Mc Gregor and Balfour Ltd. v.
Commissioner, of Income Tax (1) this Court quoted with approval the
observation, of the Master of the Rolls in A. & W. Nesbitt Ltd. v. Mitchell
(1) where it was said:- "But in respect of what is that payment made? It
is not a legacy, it is not a sum which has fallen from the skies;-it is a sum
which is repaid because there was too large a sum paid by the company to the
revenue authorities over the whole period 'during which Excess Profits Duty was
paid, and that sum, means and is intend to represent a repayment of a sum which
was paid by them in respect of the duty charged upon the excess profits of
their trading. It comes back,, therefore, not having lost its character but being
still the repayment of a sum too much, it is true-but a sum taken (1) [1959] 36
I.T.R. 65.
(2) (1926) 11 T.C. 211, 217, 218- 139 out of
the profits which were made by the company in the course of its trading,
profit,;
which at the time they were made were subject
to income-tax and subject to excess profits duty, and that is the character of
the repayment that has been made." The amount deposited comes back without
losing its character. No doubt the words in the English Rule are "shall be
treated as profits for the year in which the payment is received", and in
B 11(11) of the Indian Finance Act, 1946, such sum has to be treated as income
of the previous year but as pointed out by this Court in Balfour and Mc Gregor
case (1), the intention underlying the two provisions is the same and even the
language used in the two provisions is substantially the same.
Counsel for the Commissioner drew our
attention to Kirke's Trustees v. Commissioners of Inland Revenue (2), and it
was submitted that the Lord Chancellor held at p. 329 that for the amount so
received the assessment falls to be made under Case VI of Schedule 'D'. Lord
Shaw of Dunfermline at p. 332 said that the repayment was to be treated as
trading profits for the year of repayment and therefore assessable as such
under Schedule 'D'. He was also of the opinion that the charge was to be one
under Case VI. Lord Sumner said that it became a minor matter to decide whether
the charge was to be made under Case I or Case VI but this is little
consolation to the respondent (the Commissioner of Income- tax) because Case VI
was also dealing with taxes in respect of annual profits and gains which do not
fall in one of the other cases.
In our opinion the amount refunded did not
lose its character which it had before the deposit and therefore it is an
erroneous view to take that the income was assessable under s. 12 of the Act
and not under B. 10. If it was income falling under s. 10, as in our opinion it
was, then the appellants were entitled to get the benefit of s. 25(4) of the
Act and the amount was not liable to taxation.
The appeals are therefore allowed with costs.
One hearing fee.
Appeals allowed.
(1)..[1959] 36 I.T.R. 65.
(2)..(1926) 11 T.C. 323.
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