Bhagwantrao Vs. Vishwasrao & ANR
[1960] INSC 2 (12 January 1960)
DAS, S.K.
SARKAR, A.K.
CITATION: 1960 AIR 642 1960 SCR (2) 710
ACT:
Grant--Resumption--Patelki huq inam-True
nature and character of-Inam Rules, 1859-Patel and Patwaris Law, 1900- Berar
Land Revenue Code, 1928, s. 190.
HEADNOTE:
The question for decision in the appeal was
the right of the revenue authorities of the State Government concerned, to
resume certain lands known as 'patelki huq inam,' which lay in the jagir
village of Nawabag situate in the ceded area of Berar. The lands were granted
by the then sovereign authority by way of remuneration or emoluments for
services to be rendered by the patel; the grant was of ancient origin and was
recognised as a ' service inam' by the British Government. In the village of
Nawabag there were four families of patels, who went by the surnames of Dongre,
Rokade, Raut and Ingle, the members of which held the patel's office in
rotation of ten years. There was a partition in the Rokade family as result of
which the 'patelki inam' lands were divided, and the lands in suit were
allotted to the share of the appellant who never held the patel's office.
During an enquiry for the preparation of the record of rights of the said jagir
village, it was held that the appellant was not entitled to hold the 'patelki
inam' lands which were given as emoluments for service to the working patel,
and the Financial Commissioner finally held that the person actually working as
patel was entitled to receive the full emoluments of his office, and confirmed
the order that the lands in possession of the appellant should be resumed and
regranted to the working patel, viz., the respondent No. 1.
On the question of the true nature of the
patelki huq inam, two points arose: (1) was it a grant by way of remuneration
or emoluments of the patel's office by the use of the land, or (2) was it a
grant of land to the patelki family burdened with service and so long as the
service was performed by any member of the family, the lands were joint family
lands subject to partition etc. among the members of the family.
Held, that the 'patelki inam' in this case
was in its origin a grant by way of remuneration for patelki service by the
sovereign authority; it was separate from and independent of the jagir of
Nawabag though the land lay within the jagir village. In its true character the
'patelki inam' was land given in lieu of wages or emoluments for the office of
patel; it could not be freely alienated and the Government could resume the
land.
Held, further, that where one of two or more
patels of the village held office in turn by rotation, that did not mean that
711 the patel ceases to be a patel when his turn was over; he continued to be a
patel and to enjoy his emoluments of office.
Held, also, that there was nothing in the
Inam Rules, 1859, on the basis of which a person could claim as of right that
he had a share in the 'patelki inam' lands as a member of the patel's family
irrespective of whether he performed the service or not. A member of the
patel's family was not entitled as of right to a share in the emoluments of the
patel's office and Government had every right to resume 'patelki inam' lands
and regrant them to the officiator in accordance with the provisions of the
Patel and Patwaris Law, 1900, and s. 1900 of the Berar Land Revenue Code, 1928.
Held, also, that on the finding that the
lands were given by way of emoluments for the patel's office, no question of
title by adverse possession arose against the Government in the circumstances
of the case.
Venkata Jagannadha v. Veerabhadrayya, (1921)
L.R. I.A. 224, referred to.
Krishnarao v. Nilkantha and Others, A.I.R.
(1922) Nag. 52, Mir Subhan Ali v. Imami Begum, (1925) 21 Nag. L. Reports 117,
Lakhamgouda Basavaprabhu Sardesai v. Baswantrao and Others, A.I.R. (1931) P.C.
157, Jaiwantrao and Another v. Sahebyao, (1933) 29 Nag. L. Reports 210 and Raje
Shrinivasrao v. Raje Vinayakrao, I.L.R. [1949] Nag. 1 discussed.
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal
No, 208 of 1955.
Appeal from the judgment and decree dated
November 27, 1951, of the former Nagpur High Court, in Second Appeal No. 169 of
1947, arising out of the judgment and decree dated February 3, 1947, of the
First Additional District Judge, Amraoti in Civil Appeal No. 85-A of 1946,
against the judgment and decree dated December 20, 1945, of the Civil Judge
First Class, Ellichpur, in Civil Suit No. 1 of 1943.
W. S. Barlingay and A. G. Ratnaparkhi, for
the appellant.
H. J. Umrigar and Sardar Bahadur, for respondent
No. 1.
R. Ganapathy Iyer, M. P. Nathwani and R. H.
Dhebar, for respondent No. 2.
1960. January 12. The Judgment of the Court
was delivered by S. K. DAS J.-This is an appeal on a certificate S. K. Da,, J.
granted. by the High Court of Nagpur under clause (c) 712 of Article 133(1) of
the Constitution to the effect that the case is a fit one for appeal to this
Court. It raises some important questions as to the right of the revenue
authorities of the State Government concerned, to resume certain lands which
are known as " patel ki huq inam " lands situate in what was
previously known as the ceded area of Berar. The plaintiff Bhagwantrao Shivaji
Patel (Bhagwantrao, to give his short name) is the appellant before us.
Vishwasrao Patel. who was defendant No. 2 in the suit, is now respondent No. 1.
Originally, the Provincial Government of the Central Provinces and Berar was
defendant No. 1, and now the State of Bombay is respondent No. 2 before us.
Formerly, the lands in suit lay within the province of Central Provinces and
Berar; later they fell within the State of Madhya Pradesh, and now they are in
Bombay.
The relevant facts which have given rise to
the appeal may now be shortly stated. The lands in suit were comprised in six
survey numbers stated in paragraph one of the plaint.
They lay in village Nawabag, a jagir village,
of Ellichpur (now called Archalpur) taluq of Berar, and we shall hereinafter
give some more details of that jagir. In that village there were four families
of Patels some members of which held the Patel's office in rotation of ten
years each. These four families went by the surnames of Dongre, Rokade, Raut
and Ingle. We are concerned with the Rokade family. One Shivajirao of that
family had two sons, called Amrit and Bhagwant. Bhagwant, as we know, is the
appellant before us.
Vishwasrao, respondent No. 1, is the son of
Amrit.
Shivajirao died sometime in 1886. His son
Amrit died in 1920. In 1923 there was a partition between the appellant and
respondent No. 1. The case of the appellant was that as a result of this
partition, the " patelki inam " lands were divided and the lands in
suit were allotted to the share of the appellant. When Shivajirao was alive, he
worked as patel; so did Amritrao in his turn. Lastly, Vishwasrao also worked as
patel. In 1935 a special officer was appointed by Government to prepare a
record of rights of the jagir village of Nawabag. This 713 officer submitted a
report on which certain enquiries were made. As a result of these enquiries it
was held that the appellant was not entitled to hold the "patelki
inam" lands which were given as emoluments of his office to the working
patel from the Rokade family. It was ordered by the Deputy Commissioner that
the lands in possession of the appellant should be resumed and regranted to the
working patel, viz., respondent No. 1. The appellant appealed against this
order.
The Commissioner of Berar set aside the order
of eviction, but maintained the status quo pending final orders of Government.
Ultimately, on December 19, 1941, the Financial Commissioner held that the
person actually working as patel was entitled to receive the full emoluments of
his office, and revenue officers had consistently refused to admit any claims
to shares in patelki emoluments. Accordingly, he set aside the order of the
Commissioner and restored that of the Deputy Commissioner. Thereupon, the
appellant brought his suit in 1942 in which he claimed that the Government had
no jurisdiction or authority to resume and regrant the lands to respondent No.
1 and the orders passed by the revenue authorities concerned were null and
void. The appellant asked for possession and mesne profits. By a subsequent
amendment of the plaint, the appellant alleged that at least two of the plots,
211A and 9/1A, had ceased to be " patelki inam " lands and were
private property of the family.
Therefore, in any view of the matter,
Government had no right to resume these two plots. His claim with regard to
these plots was alternatively placed on a somewhat different footing and we
shall, in due course, consider that claim.
The suit was dismissed by the trial Judge,
but on appeal by the present appellant the learned Additional District Judge of
Amraoti decreed the suit. There was a second appeal to the High Court of Nagpur
which allowed the appeal, set aside the decree of the lower appellate court,
and restored that of the trial Judge. The High Court substantially held that
(1) the lands in suit were granted by the then sovereign authority by way of
remuneration or emoluments for 91 714 services to be rendered by the patel and
the grant was recognised as a service inam by the British Government, and (2)
it was open to the revenue authorities to resume and regrant the lands in
accordance with the provisions of the Patels and Patwaris Law, 1900 in force in
Berar and s. 190 of the Berar Land Revenue Code, 1928. Thereafter, the
appellant applied for and obtained a certificate from the High Court, and the
present appeal has been brought pursuant to that certificate.
To appreciate the points which have been
urged before us on behalf of the appellant, it is necessary to state some more
historical facts about the jagir village Nawabag and the " patelki inam
" lands comprised therein. The original sanads by which the jagir of
Nawabag or the " patelki inam " was created have not been produced in
this case. There is no doubt, however,that both are of very ancient origin.
Berar was ceded by the Nizam of Hyderabad in 1853 and the Inam Rules for
settlement of jagir and inam claims were made in 1859, Rule 1 whereof stated
inter alia that land which was proved to have been held as inams, either under
a fixed quit rent or rent-free for a period of 40 years before the cession, was
to be treated by the British Government as inam possessed under a valid title.
The promulgation of the Inam Rules was followed by an inams investigation. Ex.
P-1 is the copy of an inam entry dated August 31, 1866. This document shows
that the jagir of Nawabag was granted by the Kings of Delhi to one Shah Abdul
Huq originally. It was subsequently continued and confirmed by sanads granted
by the Nizam of Hyderabad in 1757. The village had a total area of about 1,846
bighas, out of which about 262 bighas were held by patels in lieu of their
" huq " in the proportion of I bighas per netan (a measure of nine
bighas).
The Inam Commissioner stated that the jagir
had been held upward& of 100 years before the inam enquiry and should be
continued (except for an area of 200 big has for which there was no
satisfactory proof) in perpetuity subject to a quit rent of Rs. 87-8-0. There
is an earlier document, Ex. P- 9A, of October 24,1771, 715 which shows that
there was a dispute between the jagirdars and the patels about the latter's
right to get If bighas of " patelki inam " land per " netan
". The jagirdars disputed the claim of the patels and ultimately the
dispute was submitted to the Nazim Sahib of Ellichpur. The document contains
the following recital which shows that the " patelki inam " lands of
village Nawabag were also very ancient grants: "The Nazim, after seeing
from the previous records as to who was in enjoyment, granted the mukaddami
inamof a bigha and a half from year to year as desired by the mukaddaman. As
per the old judicial usage, land is calculated at the rate of one and half
bigha pernetan and measured out from the lands of Nawabag and the aforesaid
mukaddaman are held to be occupants of the said cultivated landIt appears that
out of 262 bighas of " patelki inam lands in the village, the Rokade
family held about 11 plots,approximately of about 50 acres. Sometime before
1904 some of the co-sharer-jagirdars of Nawabag ali enated the jagir lands to
strangers. This led to resumption proceedings by Government, and ultimately
half of the jagir village was resumed by Government in or about 1904-05. As a
result of a detailed enquiry, survey numbers 1 to 21 and 40 to 45 of the "
patelki inam " lands fell in the resumed portion and survey numbers 22 to
39 were included in the jagir portion. As survey numbers 2/IA and 9/IA in
possession of the Rokade family fell in the resumed portion, they were recorded
as Khalsa and were assessed to revenue, while the remaining survey numbers viz.
29/1, 34/3, 36/2 and 37/2 continued to be in possession of the Rokade family
free of assessment. There was another resumption proceeding in or about 1917
when it was discovered that the jagirdars had alienated lands falling in the
jagir portion also. This time the lands resumed were not made Khalsa but were
regran- ted to the jagirdas. As a result of this regrant the jagirdars thought
that they were entitled to take possession of the "patelki inam"
lands of the Rokade family also. This led to some more revenue proceedings, and
we come now to one of the important 716 documents in this case, viz., a letter
dated August 28, 1922, by which sanction of Government was conveye to the
exclusion from resumption of 25 acres and 15 gunthas of land in the khalsa
portion of the village and to the exclusion from the land regranted to the
jagirdar viz. of 24 acres 30 gunthas in the inam portion of Nawabag jagir
village". The order made by the Government further stated that the
aforesaid lands would be recorded in the name of Amrit Shivaji Patel as his
" patelki huq inam ".
Some of the other patel families made an
attempt to get a release of the inam lands held by them, which had since been
resumed; but this attempt proved unsuccessful and Government held that an
enquiry showed that with the exception of Amritrao, no member of the old
patelki families except Deo Rao was in possession of the old "patelki
inam" lands and as Deo Rao did not belong to a branch in which the right
to officiation resided, his claim could not be considered. The order of
Government in 1922, therefore, made it clear that the "patelki inam"
lands of Amritrao formed one. homogenous, separate service grant and were not
dependent on the resumption of the jagir of Nawabag.
The proceedings of 1917-1922 were followed by
the proceedings of 1935-1941 which culminated in a third resumption of the
" patelki inam " lands and regrant to Vishwasrao and to Which we have
earlier referred. These proceedings bring the history of the lands in suit up
to the time when the appellant brought his suit in 1942.
Now, apart from the alternative claim with
regard to survey numbers 2/IA and 9/IA and the claim of title by adverse
possession, which claims we shall consider later, the principal question which
falls for decision in this appeal, is the true nature of these " patelki
inam " lands; do they constitute a grant by way of remuneration or
emoluments of the patel's office by the use of the lands, as found by the High
Court, or do they constitute a grant of land to the patelki family burdened
with service and so long as the service is performed by any member of the
family, the lands are joint family lands subject to partition 717 etc. among
the members of the family? Onbehalf of the appellant, it has been very strongly
contended before us that the finding of the High Court on this point is wrong.
On this part of the case learned counsel for
the appellant has made a four-fold submission; firstly, that the rights which
the Rokade family had in these lands were rights of dealing with the property
as owners, subject to a member of the family rendering patelki service; or in
other words, the grant was a grant of land burdened with service; secondly, the
grant was made by the jagirdar of village Nawabag and not by the sovereign
authority and neither the Inam Rules, nor the provisions of the Patels and
Patwaris Law, 1900 applied; thirdly, even if the aforesaid Rules and provisions
applied, the appellant still retained his hereditary rights in the lands; and
fourthly, the orders of Government dated August 28, 1922, did not confer any
new right nor did they deprive anybody of any subsisting right in respect of
the " patelki inam " lands and Government had no right to resume the
lands and regrant them to respondent No. 1. The second submission can be
disposed of without much difficulty. We have already stated that the sanads
creating the jagir or the " patelki inam " have not been produced.
The earliest document we have is the kararnama of October 24, 1771. That
document shows, as we have stated earlier, that there was a dispute between the
jagirdars and the patels; the patels were demanding I bighas per netan as their
" huq and the jagirdars were saying that no such " huq " was
mentioned in the sanads granted to the jagirdars. The dispute was referred to
the Nazim, who was the local representative of the then sovereign authority,
and the decision of the Nazim was expressed by saying that the Nazim granted
the inam of a bigha and a half from year to year for each netan; it was also
stated that this was supported by old judicial usage. In our view the kararnama
shows two things: first, the grant of " patelki inam " of 1- 1/2
bighas per netan was in its origin a grant by the sovereign authority which the
Nazim confirmed in accordance with old 718 judicial usage; secondly, that the
grant was from year to year in lieu of patelki services and was binding on the
jagirdars who agreed to be bound by it. The entry in the Inam Register, dated
August 31, 1866 (Ex. P-1) is to the same effect; it shows that 262 bighas were
excluded from the jagir " as allowed to patel in lieu of his huq to 1-1/2
bighas", in contradistinction to other petty inams allowed by the holders
(jagirdars) themselves. On behalf of the appellant our attention has been drawn
to Rules 1 and 11 of the Inam Rules and to Rule XV; it has been submitted that
if the " patelki inam " was separate from and independent of the
jagir which was a class 111 inam, a separate title deed in the form of an inam
certificate would have been granted in respect of the " patelki inam
" as a class IV inam. It may be, as the High Court points out, that the
" patelki inams " were not separately recognised during the inam
enquiry, and it was then assumed as if these were interests carved out of the
lands granted. to the jagirdars. There is, how. ever, clear evidence in the
record that the " patelki inam" of this case was independent of the
jagir.
Immediatly after the first resumption
proceedings against the jagirdars in 1904-05, the position of the patels came
under consideration of the revenue authorities. In 1906 one Moti of Dongre
family was appointed patel by the Sub- divisional officer, Ellichpur. In 1907
Amrit, son of Shivaji, was appointed patel in the Rokade family to officiate in
rotation with Moti. This appointment was made by the Deputy Commissioner. In
1908 there was a dispute between the jagirdars and patels and the order of the
Sub- divisional officer who decided the dispute said:
"The Jagirdar says that his family
appointed Patels from the watan family, but this is not borne out by such
papers as exist. There is a petition dated 4-1-67 from the Jagirdar requesting
the Revenue authority of the time to appoint a certain person as Patel. At that
period then the Revenue authorities and not the Jagirdar appointed the Patel.
The Patels are village servants only and are
responsible only to the Government and not to the Jagirdar.
719 The Patel family has had watandari rights
for certainly 150 years or so.
I am of opinion therefore that the watan
seems independent of the Jagir." This dispute went up to Commissioner Sly
(later Sir Frank Sly) and he held that the patelki is a watan independent of
the jagir, and he approved the proposal for rotation between Moti and Amrit.
The " patelki inams " were treated on the same basis in the
resumption proceedings of 1917- 1922, and by the order dated August 28, 1922,
Government excluded the " patelki inam " lands from the resumption
proceedings relating to the jagir on the footing that they were separate from
and independent of the jagir. Mr. Walker, then Financial Commissioner, said in
his order dated August 7, 1918, (Ex. ID-11):
"Although the Patel holds no Inam
Certificate, I agree with the Commissioner that the inam resumption procedure
which was necessitated by the action of the jagirdar, ought not to upset the
arrangement concerning the Patels, which was made at the suggestion of His
Exalted Highness the Nizam's Government many years ago. To give effect to this
view, it will be necessary to reopen the enquiry as regards the whole
village-both the khalsa part and the regranted inam part-and to determine what
fields in each represent the original grant of 262 bighas to the Patel in lieu
of his huq. When that area has been determined, the orders of resumption will
have to be modified so as to exclude it." There is, therefore,
overwhelming evidence in this case to show that the patelki inams were separate
from and independent of the jagir of Nawabag, though the lands lay within the
jagir village.
This brings us to the more important question
what is the true character of the "patelki inam" lands of this case ?
On this point also, we think that there is clear and unimpeachable evidence in
support of the finding of the High Court. We have already referred to the
kararnama of 1771 and the inam entry of 1866. If the grants were a grant of
land to the patelki 720 families burdened with service, it is difficult to
under- stand how there could arise a dispute about remuneration between the
jagirdars and patels and why the remuneration of 1-1/2 bighas per netan should
be fixed from year to year.
In a revenue case of 1908 Amrit Patel had
himself stated that the land was given to his ancestors in lieu, of patelki huq
and it should not be assessed to land revenue.
Even in his plaint, the appellant had
asserted that the " Patels were given certain lands out of the jagir
village for their working as patels and for discharging other duties."
There is another important document in this connection. In the second
resumption proceedings of 1917 Government had first decided to resume the jagir
and regrant it to the then Jagirdar Amerulla Khan. In the orders passed (Ex.
ID-18) it was stated that the Jagirdars would be at liberty to allow the
working patels to hold such lands as were considered reasonable by the Deputy
Commissioner free of revenue and in lieu of mushahara (emoluments or wages). It
is important to note that everybody understood then that the " patelki
inam " was in lieu of wages or emoluments for the office of patel. These
orders led to an enquiry, and Amritrao made a statement that he was holding
survey numbers 26 27, 29, 34, 36 and 37 in lieu of patelki emoluments. He said
that he was even willing to hold 4 acres 17 gunthas of survey no. 27 in lieu of
his emoluments. It appears that the Sub-divisional officer then recommended
that Amrit Patel should be given only 4 acres 17 gunthas, as emoluments for his
office. Later, an application was made on behalf of Amrit, which was signed by
his brother, the present appellant as his agent, in which occurred the
following significant statements:
"The learned S.D.O. has again lost sight
of the fact that the family of the applicant has been doing the work of the
Patel from a very long time, that in the early days of the Berar Administration
when land had no value and did not fetch the income it is doing now, the
applicant and his predecessors worked to what they would get from the land.
Cash had more value then than land and hence
the Inamdars thought 721 it is advisable to commute money payment into land
grant.
That the learned Sub-Divisional Officer has
lost sight of the fact that in the inam enquiry and the sanad granted to the
Inamdar of the Nawabag Jahagir in 1866, the land in the possession of the
applicant has been deducted from the area of the village and it isonly the rest
of the area that is made over to theInamdar, vide, Co. 5 of the sanad viz.
area of grant.This shows that in 1866 the
area reserved for the Patel was considered as a fair remuneration in kind to
the Patel for his work." These statements show clearly enough what the
appellant and his brother Amrit, understood to be the character of the "
patelki inam " lands; they clearly said that the lands were given in lieu
ofemoluments or remuneration. This view ultimatelyprevailed and the earlier
orders were modified on the recommendation of Commissioner Standan who saidthat
the lands held by the patel as " patelki inam "should be excluded
from resumption and the patel should be allowed to hold the lands free of any
payment in lieu of cash remuneration for his office. Inthe result were passed
the orders dated August 28,1922, to which a reference has already been
made.These transactions and the statements made thereinare admissible, in the
absence of the sanads creatingthe grant, to show how the parties themselves
haveunderstood and dealt with the grant in contestedrevenue proceedings between
the jagirdars and patels.
On behalf of the appellant it has been
submittedthat there is evidence in the record to show that someof the patels
had alienated " patelki inam " landsand the " patelki inam
" lands of each patel remainedwith him, in spite of the fact that the
office was heldin rotation ; these circumstances, it is contended,militate
against the view that the grant was a meregrant of office with emoluments in
the shape of Inamlands. We are unable to accept this contention ascorrect. The
statement of the appellant himself in a 92 722 revenue case of 1937-38 (Ex.
ID-15) shows that the lands alienated by the other patels were resumed and
regranted to the jagirdar in the resumption proceedings of 1917-18.
After Amritrao had succeeded in getting his
" patelki inam " lands excluded from resumption, the other patels
also unsuccessfully attempted to get their lands released-a circumstance to
which we have earlier referred. This shows that Government never accepted the
position that the " patelki inam " lands could be freely alienated;
on the contrary, the evidence in the record shows that Government had resumed
such lands on more than one occasion. As to the second circumstance, it is
indeed true that the office was rotatory (this is provided for in s. 3 of the
Patels and Patwaris Law, 1900); but each patel retained his inam land even when
it was not his turn to work as patel. We do not however, consider this
circumstance as establishing that the grant was other than what the High Court
held it to be.
Section 3 of the Patels and Patwaris Law,
1900 says in clear terms that when there are two or more patels in a' village
and the duties can, in the opinion of the Deputy Commissioner, be efficiently
performed by one patel, the Deputy Commissioner can direct that each patel
shall hold office in turn by rotation for a term of not less than 10 years.
This does not mean that a patel ceases to be a patel when his turn is over; he
continues to be a patel and enjoys his emoluments.
We propose now to examine the position Under
the Inam Rules, 1859, the Berar Patels and Patwaris Law, 1900 and the Berar
Land Revenue Code, 1928. The argument on behalf of the appellant is that even
under the Inam Rules, he is entitled to his share in the "patelki
inam" lands, so long as a member of the family works as patel. Learned
counsel for the appellant has drawn our attention to Rules V and VI and has
submitted that being a service inam, the it patelki inam " would come
under the fourth class mentioned in Rule 11 and would be governed by Rule VI(2)
which says:
" Inams granted in lieu of lands or
money stipends, commonly called huqs and ressums of offices, such as 723
Deshmukh, Deshpandia, and others the service of which has either been dispensed
with or otherwise discontinued, shall be disposed of according to clause, of
the Rule V, if they are hereditary in their terms, either by express
declaration of Government or by recognized usage. Nothing in this rule shall be
deemed to apply to cash allowance known as ressums or lawazamas granted to
Deshmukhs and Deshpandias in lieu of emoluments previously payable to
them." That Rule refers to clause (2) of Rule V which reads:
" If the present incumbent is a
descendant of the original grantee, the inam will be continued to him
hereditarily, subject to the following conditions :- First-Successions limited
to direct lineal heirs and undivided brothers.
Second-The inam escheats to Government on
failure of such heirs.
Third-Future alienation of the inam is
prohibited.
Fourth-The right of adoption to an inam is
not recognized." The contention before us is that under Rule VI(2)read
with Rule V(2), the appellant was entitled to his share in the " inam
" as an undivided brother of Amritrao, Patel. We do not think that this
contention is correct. For one thing, Rule VI(2) applies to inams, granted in
lieu of lands or money stipends, the service of which -has either been
dispensed with or otherwise discontinued. That is not the case here. Secondly
clause (8) of Rule VI makes it clear that when the inam attached to the office
is wholly or partially in the enjoyment of members of the family who do not
perform service, such portion of the alienated inam as may be considered
necessary for the efficient performance of the duties will be attached to the office
holders, and Rule XIV(2) says that service grants are not liable to be
alienated by purchase or otherwise. Rule VIII explains the term 'inam' and Rule
11 also has a bearing on the question before us. It says, so far as it is
relevant for our purpose:
" The settlement will be made with the
head member of the family holding the office or enjoying the 724 inam and who
will be held alone responsible to Government, and in no case will the
Government interfere to compel the actual incumbent of an office to make over
any portion of his regulated service grant to other branches of the family, as
service grants cannot be divided according to the orders of Government. "
Rule XXI(2) says interalia that in respect to service grants, the decisions of
the Commissioner and the Resident respecting lands held free by the village
officers as remuneration for service, shall be considered final.
From these Rules it is manifestly clear to us
that there is nothing in them on the basis of which the appellant can claim as
of right that he has a share in the "patelki inam " lands as a member
of the patel's family, irrespective of whether he performs the service or not.
The position under the Patels and Patwaris
Law, 1900, appears to be clearer still. Section 9 of the said Law states that
the emoluments appertaining to the office of the patel or patwari shall be
enjoyed solely by the person for the time being holding the office; even a
substitute shall receive the whole of the emoluments appertaining to the
office, unless the Deputy Commissioner otherwise directs, and if there are two
or more patels in a village, the Deputy Commissioner shall determine the
proportions in which they shall share in the emoluments of office. Sections 10
and 1 1 say that the emoluments appertaining to the office of patel shall not
be liable to attachment or sale, and every assignment thereof shall be void.
Under s. 20 the jurisdiction of the Civil Court is barred with respect to any
claim by any person to any emolument appertaining to the office of patel. These
provisions clearly indicate that the " patelki inam " lands are
subject to orders passed by the revenue authorities in respect of the matters
mentioned therein, and no right is given to a member of the family of the patel
to claim a share in the emoluments.
The power to resume lands granted on
condition that the holder shall render certain services is 725 specifically
referred to in s.190 of the Berar Land Revenue Code. We quote below the
material portion of the section :
" Section 190(1)-If alienated land has
been granted on condition that the holder shall render certain services or
incur expenditure for the benefit of the community or any section thereof, and
the holder fails to render such services or to incur such expenditure to the
satisfaction of the Deputy Commissioner, or, if the holder transfers the land
in such a manner that, in ther opinion of the Deputy Commissioner, the purpose
of the grant is likely to be defeated, the Deputy Commissioner may declare such
land to be forfeited.
(2) Land forfeited under this section shall
vest in the Crown for the purposes of the Province free of all encumbrances and
shall be regranted on the original conditions made under this Law."
Section 192 says inter alia that no civil court shall entertain any suit to
obtain a decision on any matter which the revenue authorities are empowered
under the Law to determine, and among the matters mentioned in the section, is
any claim against the State relating to any property or emoluments appertaining
to the office of any hereditary officer or servant. These provisions also
negative the claim of the appellant.
We proceed now to consider certain decisions
on which learned counsel for the appellant has sought to place reliance. We may
notice here one comment made by him. He has submitted that the High Court has
relied on the decision of the Privy Council in Venkata Jagannadha v.
Veerabadrayya (1) where the question was whether the karnam service lands
enfranchised to a karnam, a village accountant in Madras State, were subject to
any claim of partition by other members of the family, and his comment is that
the " patelki inam " lands in Berar stand on a footing different from
karnam service lands in Madras and there are decisions in which it has been
held that co-sharers have a right to a share in service grants in Berar. The
first decision to which oar attention has (1) (1921) L.R. 48 I.A. 244.
726 been drawn is Krishnarao v. Nilkantha and
Others (2). That was a case of a jagir, and it was held that it came under the
third class, and nothing regarding ordinary rule is that if persons are
entitled beneficially to shares in an estate, they may have a partition. It was
further held that property consisting of an ordinary inam village was liable to
partition at the suit of a co-sharer except when it was held on a saranjam or
other impartible tenure or where the terms of the grant impose a condition upon
its enjoyment.
We do not think that this decision
establishes what the appellant is seeking to establish in this case, that is,
that be has a share in the emoluments of the patel's office.
The next decision is that of the Privy
Council in Mir Subhan Ali v. Imami Begum (3) ; all that was laid down there was
that the devolution and incidents of an inam estate in Berar were regulated by
the Inam Rules, 1859, but only in matters not mentioned in the sanad or
certificate or other document evidencing the special terms of the grant in the
particular case. The fundamental question at issue there was one of
construction, namely, whether the beneficial interest in the Inam granted to a
common ancestor of the parties and continued by the British Government in 1866
passed under the terms of the grant then made to all heirs of the grantees
according to Shia Mahomedan Law or whether the interest devolved on the male
descendants only. It was not a service grant, and no question of a share in the
emoluments of the patel's office arose there. In Lakhamgouda Basavaprabhu
Sardesai v. Baswantrao and Others (4) the Privy Council pointed out the distinction
between the grant of an office to be remunerated by the use of land and the
grant of land burdened with service; it said that in the former case, the land
would be prima facie resumable but not so in the latter case, unless the terms
of the grant or the circumstances in which it was made established that it was
resumable.
(1) A.I.R. (1922) Nag. 52. (2) (1925) 21 Nag.
L.R. 117.
(3) A.I.R. (1931) P.C. 157.
727 In the case of Jaiwantrao and Another v.
Sahebrao (1), the inam certificate issued to the head of the senior branch of a
family of Deshmukh watandars stated that the village was granted "for
personal maintenance to the claimant, his descendants and co-sharers";
Accordingly, it was held that a co-sharer was entitled to possession of his
share appearing from the inam statement. In Raje Shrinivasrao v. Raje
Vinayakrao(2) there was grant of two villages to the great- grandfather of the
appellant and the respondent, who were brothers, and " his lineal heirs
" or " his successors ".
The question was whether primogeniture was to
be the order of descent or the estate was impartible. It was held that the
ordinary principles of Hindu Law were applicable and the earlier decision in
Mir Subhan Ali v. Imami Begam (3) was referred to. Here again the grant was not
a service grant, and no question of a claim of a share in the emoluments of
office fell even for consideration, not to speak of decision.
We consider it unnecessary to multiply
decisions. It is enough to state that no decision has been brought to our
notice in which it has been held that a member of the patel's family is
entitled as of right to a share in the emoluments of the patel's office and
that Government has no right to resume " patelki inam lands and regrant
the same to the officiator.
It remains now to consider the special claim
with regard to survey numbers 2/IA and 9/lA. The case of the appellant was that
these two plots ceased to be inam lands, when they fell in the resumed portion
of the Jagir; they were sold by Bannobi Begum and Mahmudi Begum, the jagirdars,
and the appellant and his brother Amrit brought suits and obtained decrees in
respect of these two plots and in execution of the decrees they obtained
possession. The learned trial Judge rightly pointed out that the decrees aforesaid
related to property other than plots 2/IA and 9/lA. Moreover, it is not
disputed that the entire " patelki inam " lands in possession of
Amritrao patel, including the plots which were made khalsa in 1904-05, were (1)
(1933) 29 Nag. L.R. 210. (2) I.L.R. (1949) Nag. 1.
(3) (1925) 21 Nag. L.R. 117.
728 excluded from resumption and Amrit's
"patelki inam" lands were treated as a homogenous unit by the orders
passed on August 28, 1922. The two plots, 21 1 A and 9/1A,therefore, stand on
the same footing as other "patelki inam" lands of Amritrao.
The claim of title by adverse possession can
be disposed of in a few words. Once it is held that the lands were given by way
of emoluments for the patel's office, no question of title by adverse
possession arises against Government, even though the lands were shown as
excluded from the jagir of Nawabag in 1866. Amrit worked as patel till he died
in 1920, and even though the appellant got possession by partition in 1923, it
was open to Government to resume the lands in 1941 and regrant the same to
respondent No. 1. The appellant can only succeed if he establishes that he had
a right to a share in the "patelki inam " lands and Government had no
right to resume the same. This the appellant has failed to establish.
For the reasons given, we hold that the
appeal is without merit and must be dismissed with costs.
Appeal dismissed.
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