M/S. Chandaji Kubaji & Co. Vs. The
State of Andhra Pradesh [1960] INSC 95 (29 April 1960)
DAS, S.K.
KAPUR, J.L.
HIDAYATULLAH, M.
CITATION: 1960 AIR 990
ACT:
Review-Grounds for-Whether allowable on
Party's own deliberate negligence and intentional withholding of evidence
Madras General Sales Tax Act, 1939 (Mad. Act IX Of 1939), s. 12A(6) (a).
HEADNOTE:
The appellant company was a dealer in ghee
and groundnut oil etc. The Deputy Commercial Tax Officer assessed it to sales
tax for the year 1948-49 on a turnover of Rs. 28,69,151 and odd. Similarly for
the year 1949-50 the appellant was assessed to sales tax on a turnover of Rs.
28,72,o83 and odd. The appellant challenged these assessments and its appeal
before the Commercial Tax Officer having failed the two matters came up in
second appeal before the Sales Tax Appellate Tribunal. In the Tribunal the
appellant did not place any materials in support of its contentions and the two
appeals were disposed of by the Tribunal holding that the appellant was
correctly assessed to sales tax. In respect of the aforesaid orders of the
Tribunal the appellant filed applications for review under S. 12A(6)(a) of the
Madras General Sales Tax Act, 1939 (Mad. Act IX Of 1939), taking the plea that
in the first case the materials could not be placed before the Tribunal as
there was none to instruct the appellant's advocate in English or Telegu, and
in the second case the relevant correspondence was mixed up with other records.
The Tribunal rejected the applications for review on the ground that a failure
to produce the necessary materials in support of a plea taken before it, due
either to gross negligence or deliberate withholding, did not come within the
reason of s. 12A(6)(a) of the Act.
The High Court upheld the decision of the
Tribunal. On appeal by special leave in one case and a certificate of the High
Court in the other:
Held, that the provision in s. 12A(6)(a) of
the Madras General Sales Tax Act, 1939 (Mad. Act IX Of 1939), permits a review
when through some oversight, mistake or error the necessary facts, basic or
evidentiary, were not present before the Court when it passed the order sought
to be reviewed, but a party was not 805 entitled to ask for a review when it
had deliberately or intentionally withheld evidence in support of a claim made
by it.
State of Andhra v. Sri Arisetty Sriyamulu,
A.I.R. 1057 Andhra Pradesh 130, not approved.
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal
No. 420 of 1957.
Appeal by special leave from the judgment and
order dated August 8, 1955, of the former Andhra High Court in Tax Revision
Case No. 2 of 1955.
WITH Civil Appeal No. 142 of 1958.
Appeal from the judgment and order dated July
28, 1955, of the former Andhra High Court in T.R.C. No. 32 of 1954.
N.Rajeswara Rao and Sardar Bahadur, for the
appellants (in both the appeals).
T.V. R. Tatachari and T. M. Sen, for the
respondent (in both the appeals).
1960. April 29. The Judgment of the Court was
delivered by S.K. DAS, J.-These two appeals, one with special leave from this
Court and the other on a certificate granted by the High Court of Andhra, have
been heard together and this judgment will govern them both.
The facts are similar and the short question
for decision is whether the appellant, Messrs. Chandaji Kubaji and Company,
Guntur, was entitled to apply under s. 12A(6)(a) of the Madras General Sales
Tax Act, 1939 (Madras Act IX of 1939), as applied to Andhra, for a review of an
order of the Appellate Tribunal made under suchs. (4) of s. 12A of the said Act.
The relevant facts are these. The appellant is a dealer in ghee, groundnut oil,
chillies, etc., and was carrying on its business at Guntur. In Civil Appeal No.
420 of 1957, the Deputy Commercial Tax Officer, Guntur, assessed the appellant
to sales tax for the year 1948-49 on a turnover of Rs. 28,69,151 and odd. The
appellant having unsuccessfully appealed to the Commercial Tax Officer, Guntur,
made a second appeal to the Sales Tax Appellate Tribunal, hereinafter called
105 806 the Tribunal. Before the Tribunal the appellant contended inter alia
that out of the total turnover a sum of Rs.
10,45,156 and odd related to commission
purchase of commodities taxable at the stage of sale on behalf of principals
resident outside the State of Andhra and was not therefore taxable by the
respondent State. In respect of this plea the Tribunal said:
" As regards the alleged commission
agency business to the tune of Rs. 10,45,156-4-9 the appellants have neither
advanced arguments nor placed before us any materials in support of the
contention raised in this behalf ".
In the result the Tribunal dismissed the
appeal on May 30, 1953.
In Civil Appeal No. 142 of 1958 the appellant
was assessed by the Deputy Commercial Tax Officer, Guntur, on a net turnover of
Rs. 28,72,083 and odd for the year 1949-50. The appellant objected to the
inclusion of a sum of Rs.
19,89,076 and odd on the ground that the
goods relating thereto bad been consigned to self and despatched to places
outside the state and in fact were delivered outside the State. "this plea
was disallowed by the Sales Tax authorities, and the Tribunal said " In
the grounds of appeal it has been urged with regard to these sale transactions
the ownership in the goods continued to vest in the appellant till the sale
price was collected and the goods were delivered to the buyers at places
outside the State. Beyond advancing a broad argument of this type no material
has been placed before us or was placed before the assessing authority or the
Commercial Tax Officer to support the appellant's version that the property in
the goods passed to the buyer only at places outside the State".
x x x It is not denied that though contracts
in writing were not entered into, these transactions were the result of
correspondence between the appellant on the one hand as seller and various
persons on the other as buyers. It is conceded that such correspondence exists
but the appellants have not chosen 807 to make this correspondence available
either to us or to the officer below. When documents which would establish the
nature of the transaction beyond doubt are available and have been withheld by
the appellant, the normal result is that an inference adverse to his contention
has to be drawn.
We are accordingly of the opinion that in
this case, the sales must be deemed to have taken place within this State and
that they have been rightly included in the taxable turnover ".
The appeal was disposed of on this finding on
August 19,1952.
In respect of both the aforesaid orders the
appellant filed applications for review under s. 12A(6)(a) of the Act. That
section, in so far as it is relevant for these appeals, reads:
" 12A(6)(a)-The Appellate Tribunal may,
on the application either of the assessee or of the Deputy Commissioner, review
any order passed by it under sub-section (4) on the basis of facts which were
not before it when it passed the order:
Provided that no such application shall be
preferred more than once in respect of the same order ".
The point taken on behalf of the appellant in
Civil Appeal No. 420 of 1957 was that the accounts were in Gujrati language and
as there was none on behalf of the appellant who could give instructions to the
appellant's advocate either in Telugu or English when the appeal was heard by
the Tribunal, the appellant could hot place the materials before the Tribunal.
In the other appeal, the point taken in support of the application for review
was that the relevant correspondence was mixed up with other records and so it
could not be placed before the Tribunal. The Tribunal rejected the applications
for review on the ground that a failure to produce the necessary materials in
support of a plea taken before it, due either to gross negligence or deliberate
withholding, did not come within the reason of s. 12A(6)(a) as stated in the
expression " on the basis of facts which were not before it when it passed
the order ".
The appellant then moved the High Court in
revision under s. 12B of the Act and 808 contended that the view which the
Tribunal took of s.12A(6)(a) was not correct. The High Court drew a distinction
between what it called basic facts and evidence in support thereof and said:
" There is an essential distinction
between a fact and the evidence to establish that fact x x x Section 12A(6)(a)
in our view is not intended to give two opportunities to every assessee to
establish his case before a Tribunal. It is really conceived in the interests
of ;
the assessee, who was not able to place some
facts before the Tribunal at the first instance which would have made a
difference in its decision ".
In the view which the High Court took of s.
12A(6)(a), it held that the applications for review were rightly rejected.
In the two appeals before us the argument has
been that the Tribunal as also the High Court took an erroneous view of the
true scope and effect of s. 12A (6)(a) of the Act. Our attention has been drawn
to a Subsequent Full Bench decision of the same High Court in The State of
Andhra v. Sri Arisetty Sriramulu (1) and it has been submitted that the view
expressed therein is the correct view. In that decision, it was held that the
word " facts " in s. 12A(6)(a) may be taken to have been used in the
sense in which it is used in the law of evidence, that is to say, as including
the factum probandum or the principal fact to be proved and the factum probans
or the evidentiary facts from which the principal fact follows immediately or
by inference; facts may be either ,facts in issue " which are the
principal matters in dispute or relevant facts which are evidentiary and which
directly or by inference, prove or disprove the " facts in issue ".
In the view which we have taken of these two
appeals, it is not necessary to discuss at great length the divergent views
taken in the High Court of Andhra as to the true scope and effect of s.
12A(6)(a) of the Act. A Division Bench expressed the view that facts " in
the sub-section meant basic facts, that is, (1) A.I.R. 1957 Andhra Pradesh 130.
809 facts necessary to sustain a claim, and
drew a distinction between such facts and the evidence required to establish
them; it further expressed the view that under s. 12A(6)(a) the Tribunal may
review its order if any of the basic facts were not present before it when it
passed the order, but the sub-section was not meant to give a second
opportunity to a party to produce fresh evidence. The Full Bench took a wider
view of the sub-section and said that facts referred to in the sub-section
might be "facts in issue" or " evidentiary facts ". We
think that in an appropriate case evidentiary facts may be so interlinked with
the facts in issue that they may also fall within the purview of the
subsection. The Full Bench, however, went a step further and said that even if
relevant evidentiary facts were intentionally or deliberately withheld or
suppressed, the party guilty of such suppression or withholding would still be
entitled to ask for a review under s. 12A(6)(a). We say this with great
respect, but this is precisely what the section does not permit. The Full Bench
said:
" The language of section 12A(6)(a) is
so wide and general that it might possibly lead to inconvenient results in that
it might enable an assessee to get a further chance of hearing before the
Appellate Tribunal on the strength of evidence which he negligently or
designedly failed to produce at the first ,hearing. As the language used in
section 12A(6)(a) is clear and unequivocal and, in our opinion, capable only of
one interpretation, we are bound to give effect to it in spite of the
possibility of any inconvenience resulting there from. The inconvenience, if
any, is not to the assessee for whose benefit the provision is intended. In any
case, the remedy is with the Legislature".
It is, we think, doing great violence to
language to say that an intentional or deliberate withholding or suppression of
evidence in support of a plea or contention or a basic fact urged before the
Tribunal, is comprehended within the expression " facts which were not
before it (Tribunal) when it passed the order ". To so construe the section
is to put a premium 810 on deliberate negligence and fraud and amounts to
allowing a party to profit from its own wrong. We do not think that such a
construction follows from the language used, which is more consistent with the
view that the provision in s. 12A(6)(a) permits a review when through some
oversight, mistake or error the necessary facts, basic or evidentiary, were not
present before the Court when it passed the order sought to be reviewed. It is
entirely wrong to think that the subsection permits a party to play hide and
seek with a judicial Tribunal; that is to say to raise a fact in issue or
evidentiary fact as a plea in support of a claim and at the same time
deliberately withhold the evidence in support thereof. Such a situation cannot
be said to be one within the meaning of the expression " facts not present
before the Tribunal ".
In the appeals before us there was
intentional withholding or suppression of evidence. In the case, the materials
were not produced on the plea that they were written in Gujrati and nobody was
available to instruct counsel in English or Telugu and in the other, on an
equally specious plea that the correspondence was mixed up with other records
for about two years. These two appeals can be disposed of on this short ground
that the appellant was not entitled to ask for review under s. 12A(6)(a) by
reason of his own deliberate negligence and intentional withholding of
evidence.
We see no merit in these appeals and dismiss
them with costs.
Appeals dismissed.
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