Malik Mazahar Sultan
Etc. Vs. Pub. Service Commission, Uttarakhand & Ors [2010] INSC 842 (8
October 2010)
Judgment
IN THE SUPREME COURT
OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CIVIL APPEAL NO.8861 OF 2010 [Arising out
of SLP(C) Nos. 12787-12788 of 2008] Vijendra Kumar Verma .. Appellant Versus
Public Service Commission, Uttarakhand & Ors. .. Respondents
Dr. Mukundakam Sharma,
J.
1.
By
passing an order on 15.9.2010, we dismissed SLP(C) No. 12787 of 2008 which was
connected with SLP(C) No. 12788 of 2008. SLP (C) No. 12787 of 2008 was
dismissed as not pressed.
2.
SLP(C)
No. 12788 of 2008 was filed by the petitioners namely Shri Vijendra Kumar Verma
and Shri Harendra Kumar Ozha. But so far as Shri H.K. Ozha is concerned, on his
behalf a prayer was made to withdraw his name from the petition as he was
appointed as a judicial officer in the State of Uttar Pradesh. 2 By an order
passed on the same day i.e. 15.9.2010, we removed his name as petitioner from
the said petition with a further direction that the aforesaid petition would be
considered only so far as Shri Vijendra Kumar Verma is concerned.
3.
After
passing the aforesaid order, we proceeded to hear the learned counsel appearing
for the parties and after hearing the parties at length, we reserved our
orders.
4.
Leave
granted.
5.
By
this common judgment and order, we now propose to dispose of the appeal in
terms of our discussion and reasons recorded herein. The selection of judicial
officers for Uttaranchal Judicial Service is governed by a set of rules called
the Uttaranchal Judicial Service Rules, 2005. The Rules deal with the procedure
and mode of selection, recruitment and appointment in the Uttaranchal Judicial
Service comprising group A and B posts. In Uttaranchal Judicial Service, there
is a post called Civil Judge (Junior Division). Rule 8 of the said Rules lays
down the eligibility criterion that a candidate for direct recruitment to the
service apart from holding qualification of Bachelor of Law must possess a
thorough knowledge of Hindi in Devnagari script as well as the basic knowledge
of computer operation. 3
6.
Rule
8 reads as follows:- "8. A candidate for direct recruitment to the Service
must be –
a. A bachelor of Law
from a University established by law in Uttaranchal or any other University of
India recognized for this purpose by the Governor.
b. Must possess thorough
knowledge of Hindi in Devnagri script.
c. Basic knowledge of
Computer operation."
7.
Rule
14 of the said Rules lays down that the examination may be conducted at such
time and on such dates as may be notified by the Commission and the same would
consist of a written examination on such legal and allied subjects in the
syllabus prescribed under Rule 17, an examination to test the knowledge of the
candidate in Hindi and in English and an interview for assessing the merit of
the candidates.
8.
Rule
17 provides that the syllabus and the Rules relating to the competitive
examination shall be such as given in Appendix II. The said Appendix II
contains the syllabus as well as the individual aggregate marks to be allocated
against individual papers.
9.
Rule
18 of the said Rules speaks of the manner and mode of the preparation of the
final list of the selected candidates in order of their proficiency as
disclosed by the aggregate of marks 4 finally awarded to such candidates in
the written examination and interview whereas Rule 19 makes a provision as to
how on submission of the final list of the candidates prepared by the
Commission, appointment is to be made to the Post of Civil Judge (Junior
Division). It provides that on receipt of the list of candidates submitted by
the Commission, the Governor shall make appointment to the post of Civil Judge
(Junior Division) in the order in which their names are given in the list.
10.
An
advertisement was issued on 16.2.2006 inviting applications from eligible
candidates for filling up 50 posts of Civil Judge (Junior Division). The
appellant herein submitted his application for one of the aforesaid posts. The
appellant appeared in the preliminary examination and he was declared
successful in the said examination on 16.9.2006.
11.
Thereafter,
he was called for the Viva Voce examination also, but despite his appearance in
the viva voce examination and doing reasonably well according to his own
estimation, he was not selected and his name did not appear in the final list
of selected candidates. The appellant, however, came to know that he received
total of 576 marks together in written examination and in viva voce examination
and on the basis thereof in his estimation he should have been selected as
persons getting total marks of 568 were inducted into the service. The
appellant 5 submitted that to his knowledge and information he was not
selected because according to the respondents the appellant did not have basic
knowledge of computer operation. The reason for non-selection of the appellant
was also disclosed in the counter affidavit filed on behalf of Respondent No. 1
against the writ petition filed by the appellant. In the said counter
affidavit, it was stated that the appellant was to put to test for determining
and ascertaining as to whether he possessed the basic knowledge of computer
operation. It is also stated in the said affidavit that an expert in the field
of computer was associated for determining, assessing and ascertaining the
aforesaid fact and it was found that the appellant did not possess basic
knowledge in computer operation. Therefore, he was not selected.
12.
The
aforesaid writ petition was filed by the appellant praying for declaration that
since the respondents have introduced a new selection criterion during the
midstream of the selection, therefore, the selection process was vitiated. It
was also submitted that the action of the respondents in failing the appellant
only on the ground that he did not have basic knowledge in computer operation
should be set aside and quashed and that the appellant should now be inducted
into the service. 6
13.
The
aforesaid writ petition was heard by the Division Bench of the Uttarakhand High
Court and finally by the impugned judgment and order dated 28.3.2008, the writ
petition was dismissed with certain observations contained in the said
judgment.
14.
Being
aggrieved by the aforesaid judgment and order, the present appeal is filed by
the appellant on which we heard the learned counsel appearing for the parties.
15.
Mr.
Shyam Diwan, the learned senior counsel appearing for the appellant submitted
before us that no syllabus was ever prescribed by the respondents for judging
and ascertaining the basic knowledge of the candidate in computer operation
either before the selection process was initiated or even at the time when the
advertisement was issued and therefore such a syllabus could not have been
introduced by the respondents in the midstream of such selection process and
therefore, the action of the respondent, in introducing a benchmark at a subsequent
stage is without jurisdiction and the same is required to be set aside.
16.
It
was also submitted by the learned counsel for the appellant that the benchmark
provided for judging the suitability of the person in computer operation being
vague and there being 7 no proper guidelines for adjudging the said competence
and suitability, failing the appellant only on the ground that he did not have
sufficient knowledge in basic computer operation was uncalled for and
unjustified and therefore the appellant should be declared to have passed the
examination as he had passed even in the viva voce examination as he scored
more than the minimum marks obtained by the successful candidates.
17.
The
aforesaid submissions of the learned counsel appearing for the appellant were
refuted by the learned counsel appearing for the respondents who has taken us
through the records and on the basis of which he submitted that the respondents
have all along spelt out that the candidate desiring to be appointed to the
aforesaid post of Civil Judge (Junior Division) must have the basic knowledge
of computer operation and therefore the same was a part and parcel of the
syllabus which was known to each one of the candidates including the appellant
and therefore no grievance could be raised in that regard.
18.
It
was also submitted by him that the appellant having participated in the entire
selection process and having specific knowledge that he would be required to
have basic knowledge in computer operation and then having taken a chance
therein by appearing in the viva voce and facing the questions of the expert 8
on the computer operation, he cannot now turn back and take a stand that the
said selection process is vitiated.
19.
In
the light of the aforesaid submissions of the learned counsel appearing for the
parties, we have considered the records. The advertisement inviting
applications from eligible candidates for filling up the posts was published in
a newspaper on 16.2.2006. In the said advertisement, conditions of eligibility
have also been mentioned in clause 4 wherein the essential qualifications were
prescribed. In clause 4(c), it was specifically mentioned that the candidate
should have basic knowledge of computer operation. In clause 9 of the aforesaid
advertisement, it was stated that the candidate desiring to apply should read
the advertisement carefully and apply only if he is satisfied regarding
eligibility according to the conditions of advertisement. In paragraph 12(4),
it was also mentioned that only those candidates would be called for interview
who would be declared successful on the basis of main examination (written
examination).
20.
The
candidates were thereafter called for the written examination which was held
from 17.1.2007 to 19.1.2007 and a list of successful candidates in the written
examination was published by the Uttarakhand Public Service Commission on
26.4.2007. In the aforesaid notification which was published, it 9 was also
mentioned that the aforesaid successful candidates in the written competitive
examination will have to establish that they have sufficient knowledge of Hindi
in Devnagari script and basic knowledge of computer operation. It was further
stated that with regard to the basic knowledge of computer operations, the
candidates should have the knowledge of Microsoft Operating System and
Microsoft Office operation. Interview letters were thereafter issued and in so
far as the appellant is concerned, his interview letter was dated 21.5.2007. In
the said call letter for the interview also, it was specifically mentioned that
basic knowledge of the computer operation would be essential to the candidate
and in connection with the basic knowledge of the computer operation, knowledge
of Microsoft Operating System and Microsoft Office Operation would be essential
to the candidate and the said knowledge of the candidate would be examined at
the time of interview. Therefore, the appellant knowing fully well about the
requirement of having basic knowledge of computer operation went for his viva
voce examination and gave the said test without any protest or demur of the
kind that is being raised in the writ petition and before us.
21.
The
basic knowledge of the appellant in computer operation was tested at the time
of his interview by an expert 10 who was sitting with the interview members
conducting the interview. The said expert after testing the knowledge, the
suitability of the appellant and his basic knowledge in computer operation gave
his opinion that the appellant did not possess the basic knowledge of computer
operation. Since possession of such knowledge of computer operation was one of
the eligibility criteria for being selected for the aforesaid post of Civil
Judge and as the appellant was not found suitable and lacking in basic
knowledge of computer operation, he was not selected. The issue is whether such
a course adopted by the respondent could be said to be illegal, without
jurisdiction and unheard of.
22.
In
support of his contention, the learned counsel appearing for the appellant
relied upon the decisions of the Supreme Court in (2008) 3 SCC 512. In
paragraph 25 and 27 of the said judgment, it was said that introducing minimum
marks for interview in the midstream of the selection process is illegal.
23.
The
counsel for the appellant also relied upon a judgment Court of Delhi & Anr.
reported in (2010) 3 SCC 104 in support of the contention that minimum benchmark
provided for 11 selection during the midstream of the selection process is
without jurisdiction.
24.
In
our considered opinion, the reliance on the aforesaid judgments by the counsel
appearing for the appellant was misplaced as in the present case the
requirement and the necessity for having basic knowledge of computer operation
as one of the eligibility criteria and conditions for selection is prescribed
in Rule 8 itself. The said clause was also specifically mentioned in the
advertisement issued making it clear to all the intending candidates that they
must have basic knowledge of computer operation.
25.
When
the list of successful candidates in the written examination was published in
such notification itself, it was also made clear that the knowledge of the
candidates with regard to basic knowledge of computer operation would be tested
at the time of interview for which knowledge of Microsoft Operating System and
Microsoft Office Operation would be essential. In the call letter also which
was sent to the appellant at the time of calling him for interview, the
aforesaid criteria was reiterated and spelt out. Therefore, no minimum
benchmark or a new procedure was ever introduced during the midstream of the
selection process. All the candidates knew the requirements of the selection
process and were also fully aware that they must 12 possess the basic
knowledge of computer operation meaning thereby Microsoft Operating System and
Microsoft Office Operation. Knowing the said criteria, the appellant also
appeared in the interview, faced the questions from the expert of computer
application and has taken a chance and opportunity therein without any protest
at any stage and now cannot turn back to state that the aforesaid procedure
adopted was wrong and without jurisdiction.
26.
In
this connection, we may refer to the decision of the Ors. reported in (1976) 3
SCC 585 wherein also a similar stand was taken by a candidate and in that
context the Supreme Court had declared that the candidate who participated in
the selection process cannot challenge the validity of the said selection
process after appearing in the said selection process and taking opportunity of
being selected. Para 15 inter alia reads thus:- "15.... He seems to have
voluntarily appeared before the Committee and taken a chance of having a
favourable recommendation from it. Having done so, it is not now open to him to
turn round and question the constitution of the Committee."
27.
reported
in (2008) 7 SCC 70, this Court relying on the above principle held thus;
13 "44.
.....Apart from the fact that the appellant accepted his posting orders without
any demur in that capacity, his subsequent order of appointment dated 15-7-1992
issued by the Governor had not been challenged by the appellant. Once he chose
to join the mainstream on the basis of option given to him, he cannot turn back
and challenge the conditions. He could have opted not to join at all but he did
not do so. Now it does not lie in his mouth to clamour regarding the cut-off
date or for that matter any other condition. The High Court, therefore, in our
opinion, rightly held that the appellant is estopped and precluded from
questioning the said order dated 14-1-1992. The application of principles of
estoppel, waiver and acquiescence has been considered by us in many cases, one
of them being G. Sarana (Dr.) v. University of Lucknow......."
28.
In
Union of India and Others vs. S. Vinodh Kumar and Others reported in (2007) 8
SCC 100 at paragraph 18 it was held that it is also well settled that those
candidates who had taken part in the selection process knowing fully well the
procedure laid down therein were not entitled to question the same. Besides, in
K.H. Siraj vs. High Court of Kerala and Others reported in (2006) 6 SCC 395 in
paragraph 72 and 74 it was held that candidates who participated in the
interview with knowledge that for selection they had to secure prescribed
minimum marks on being unsuccessful in interview could not turn around and
challenge that the said provision of minimum marks was improper, said challenge
is liable to be dismissed on the ground of estoppel.
29.
Now,
while deciding the submission of the counsel appearing for the appellant that
judging the suitability of the 14 candidate by laying down the benchmark of basic
knowledge of computer operation being sufficient or insufficient is vague, we
are of the opinion that possessing of basic knowledge of computer operation is
one of the criteria for selection and in order to judge such knowledge, an
expert on the subject was available at the time when the candidate was facing
the Interview Board. In order to ascertain the candidate's knowledge of
computer operation, he put questions and thereafter he gave remarks that the
candidate has sufficient knowledge or that he does not have sufficient
knowledge.
30.
It
is also to be considered that the Indian judiciary is taking steps to apply
e-governance for efficient management of courts. In the near future, all the
courts in the country will be computerized. In that respect, the new judges who
are being appointed are expected to have basic knowledge of the computer
operation. It will be unfair to overlook basic knowledge of computer operation
to be an essential condition for being a judge in view of the recent
development being adopted. Therefore, we are of the considered opinion that
requirement of having basic knowledge of computer operation should not be
diluted. We also deem fit not to comment over the standard applied by the
expert in judging the said knowledge as the same is his subjective
satisfaction. However directions can be recommended to make 15 the procedure
more transparent. The directions in respect of same have already been given by
the High Court we do not think proper to prescribe the directions for the same
separately.
31.
The
aforesaid procedure for testing the knowledge may not be foolproof but at the
same time it cannot be said that the same was not reasonable or that it was
arbitrary. Therefore, after giving very thoughtful consideration to the issues,
we are of the opinion that the appellant has failed to make out any case before
us for interference with the orders passed by the High Court. We find no merit
in this appeal and the same is dismissed.
......................................J.
[Dr. Mukundakam Sharma]
......................................J.
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