Arjan Singh & ANR Vs. The State of
Punjab & Ors [1968] INSC 241 (8 October 1968)
08/10/1968 HEGDE, K.S.
HEGDE, K.S.
SHAH, J.C.
MITTER, G.K.
GROVER, A.N.
CITATION: 1970 AIR 703 1969 SCR (2) 347
ACT:
Pepsu Tenancy and Agricultural Lands
(Amendment and Validation) Act XVI of 1962 ss. 1(2) and 7--Expression
"this Act" in s. 7--if referred to principal Act or Amendment
Act--Whether s. 32-KK introduced into the principal Act came into force on 30th
October 1956 in view of provisions of s. 1(2) or from commencement of principal
Act.
HEADNOTE:
The Pepsu Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act
XIII of 1955 came into force on March 6, 1955, whereby it was provided that
every land owner would be entitled to select any parcel or parcels of land not
exceeding the permissible limit, which was fixed at 30 standard acres. The
principal Act was amended in 1956 by the inclusion of Chapter 4A which provided
for the Government taking over the surplus lands in the hands of a land owner.
Another Amendment Act III of 1959 which was made operative from January 19,
1959 incorporated into the principal Act s. 32(FF) which provided that except
in certain specified cases no transfer or other disposition of land effected
after 21st .August 1956 could affect the rights of the State Government under
the Act. In 1962 the Pepsu Tenancy and Agricultural Lands (Amendment and
Validation) Act XVI of 1962 was passed.
Section 7 of this Act introduced a new s.
32KK into the principal Act whereby it was provided that land owned by a Hindu
undivided family would be deemed to be land of one land owner and, a partition
of land owned by such a family shall be deemed to. be a disposition of land for
the purposes of s. 32-FF. Section 1(2) of 'the Amendment Act provided that
Sections 2, 4, 5, 7 and 10 "shall be deemed to. have come into force on
the 30th day of October, 1956 and the remaining provisions of this Act shall
come into force at once,".
The first Appellant together with his son the
second Appellant and two other sons were members of a joint Hindu family which
owned agricultural lands in Punjab. The Appellant's family divided their family
property by a Registered Partition Deed on September 6, 1956 and necessary
changes were thereafter made in the mutation register.
After Act III of 1959' came into force, the
Collector of Sangrur started proceedings under Chapter 4A of the Act for
determining the surplus lands in the hands of the appellant.
Despite the representations of the
Appellants, the Collector ignored the partition effected in the family 'and
held that about 18 standard acres were surplus in their hands.
Appeals filed by the Appellants before the
Commissioner, Patiala Division and the State Government were rejected.
The Appellants then challenged the orders of
these authorities by a writ petition under Art. 226 of the Constitution, but
this was dismissed' by a Single Judge of the High Court who took the view that
as s. 32-KK had become a part of the principal Act, the words "this
Act" in that section must refer to the principal Act and not to Section 7
of the Amendment Act. A Division Bench of the High Court dismissed an appeal
following an earlier decision of the Court in Bir Singh and Ors. v. The State
of Punjab and Ors.
(1963) P.L.R. 961. In the appeal to this
Court there was no dispute that if the partition entered into in the family
was. taken into consideration, the lands held by the different sharers would'
be within the permissible limits.
348
HELD: The orders impugned in the writ
petition must be quashed.
A reading of the various provisions of the
1962 Act show that the legislature intended that s. 7 of that Act which
introduced s. 32-KK into the principal Act should be deemed to have come into
force on the 30th October 1956. The words "this Act" in s. 7 of the
Amendment Act (s. 32-KK of the principal Act) were intended to refer to the
Amendment Act 'and not to the principal Act. It is true that ordinarily when a
section is incorporated into the principal Act by 'means of an amendment,
reference in that section to "this Act" means the principal Act. But
in view of sub-s. (2) of s. 1 of the Amendment Act of 1962 that construction
had become impermissible. Every statute has to be construed as a whole and the
construction given should be 'a harmonious one. It was not permissible for the
Court to. proceed on the basis that the legislature had enacted sub-s. (2) of
s.
1 of the Amendment Act 1962, by oversight. If
any mistake had crept into that section it was for the legislature to correct
the same. [352 C--F]
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal
No. 463 of 1966.
Appeal by special leave from the judgment and
order, dated March 30, 1964 of the Punjab High Court in Letters Patent. Appeal
No. 24 of 1963.
E. C. Agrawala and Champat Rai, for the
appellant.
Harbans Singh and R.N. Sachthey, for the
respondents.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
Hegde, J. Though several questions of law were raised in this appeal by special
leave, after hearing the Counsel for the parties on one of those questions,
namely on what date s. 32 (KK) of the Pepsu Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act
1955 (Act No. XIII of 1955) (to be hereinafter referred to as the Principal
Act) should be deemed to have come into force, we did not think it necessary to
hear the.Counsel for the parties on the other questions raised in the appeal.
Before examining the question of law referred
to hereinbefore it is necessary to set out the material facts.
The second appellant is the son of the first
appellant.
The appellants alongwith Charanjit Singh and
Darshan, the two other sons of the first appellant were members of a joint
Hindu family. That family owned agricultural lands in the village Hathoa,
Tehsil Malerkotla, District Sangrur.
The principal Act came into force on March 6,
1955. The preamble to that Act says that it is an Act to amend and consolidate
the law relating to tenancies of agricultural lands and to provide for certain
measures of land reforms.
That Act provided that:
"subject to the provisions of s. 5 every
land .owner owing land exceeding thirty standard acres shall be en- 349 titled
to select for personal cultivation from the land held by him in.the State as a
land owner any parcel or parcels of land not exceeding in aggregate area the
permissible limit and reserve such land for personal cultivation by intimating
his selection in the prescribed form and manner to the Collector." The
permissible limit is thirty standard acres. Under that Act, there was no
provision for Government taking over the lands that were in excess of the
permissible limits. The appellants' family divided their family properties as
per a registered partition deed on September 6, 1956. Thereafter necessary
changes in the mutation register were made. The principal Act was amended in
1956 as per Amendment Act 15 of 1956 which came into force, it appears several
alienations were effected by to the principal Act Chapter 4A which provides for
Government 'taking over the surplus lands in the hands of a land owner i.e. the
lands in excess of the permissible limit. After that amendment came into force,
it appeals several alienations were effected by the land owners to get out of
the reach of the law. Neither the principal Act nor the Amendment effected in
1956 prohibited any alienation. Then came the Pepsu Tenancy and Agricultural
Lands (Amendment) Act, No. HI of 1959 which was made operative from January 19,
1959. Among other provisions that Amendment Act incorporated into the Act s.
32(FF) which says:
"Save in the case of land acquired by
the State Government under any law for the time being in force or by an heir by
inheritance or up to 30th July 1958 by a landless person or a small landowner
not being a relation as prescribed of the person making the transfer or
disposition of land, for consideration up to an area which with or without the
area owned or held by him does not in the aggregate exceed the permissible
limit, no transfer or other disposition of land effected after 21st August,
1956, shall affect the right of the State Government under this Act to the
surplus area to which it would be entitled but for such transfer or disposition
:" This Section has a proviso which reads:
"Provided that any person who has
received any advantage under such transfer or disposition of land shall be
bound to restore it, or to make compensation for it, to the person from whom he
received it." In 1962 the Pepsu Tenancy and Agricultural Lands (Amendment
and Validation) Act, No. XVI of 1962 was passed. It 350 crone into force on
July 20, 1962. two sections in that Act which are relevant for our present
purpose are ss. 7 and 1 Section 7 reads:
"Insertion of new section 32-KK in Pepsu
Act 13 of 1955.--After section 32-KK of the principal Act,the following section
shall be inserted, namely :-- "32-KK. Land owned by Hindu undivided
family. to be deemed land of one landowner.---Notwithstanding anything
contained in this Act or in any other law for the time being in force,-- (a)
where, immediately before the commencement this Act, a landowner and his
descendants constitute a Hindu undivided family, the landowned by such family
shall, for the purposes. of this Act, be deemed to.
be the land of that landowner and no
descendant shall, 'as. member of such family, be entitled to claim that in
respect of his share of such land he is a landowner in his own right; and (b) a
partition of land owned by a Hindu undivided family referred to in clause (a)
shall be deemed to be a disposition of land for the purposes of section
32-FF." Explanation :--In this section, the expression
"descendant" includes an adopted son." Section 1 sets out the
short title and commencement of that Act. That Section reads:
"This Act may be called the Pepsu
Tenancy and Agricultural Lands (Amendment and Validation) Act, 1962.
(2) Section 2, section 4, section 5, section
7 and section 10 shall be deemed to have come into force on the 30th day of
October 1956 and the remaining provisions of this Act shall come into force at
once." After the Pepsu Tenancy and Agricultural Lands (Amendment) Act No.
III of 1959 came into force, the Collector of Sangrur started proceedings under
Chapter 4A of the Act for determining the surplus lands in the hands of the
appellants. In those proceedings despite the representations of the appellants,
the Collector ignored the partition effected in the family of the appellants in
determining the surplus lands in the hands of the members of the family. He
considered them as one unit and on that basis held that eighteen standard acres
and 51/2 units of lands are surplus in their hands. There is no dispute that if
the partition entered into in the family had been taken into consideration, the
lands 351 held by the different sharers are within permissible limit.
The appellants unsuccessfully went up in
appeal against that order to the Commissioner, Patiala Division. Against the
order of the Commissioner, the appellants appealed to the State Government but
that appeal was rejected on September 1, 1961. Thereafter the appellants filed
Civil Writ No.
1418 of 1961 in the High Court of Punjab at
Chandigarh under Art. 226 of the Constitution challenging the decisions of
respondents 1 to 3. The learned Single Judge who heard that petition dismissed
the same on November 27, 1962. He held that as s. 32(KK) had become a part of
the principal Act the words "this Act" in that section must refer to
the principal Act. and not to s. 7 of the Amendment Act. The decision of the
learned Single Judge was affirmed by a Division Bench of that Court. That bench
followed an earlier decision of that Court in Bit Singh and Ors. v. The State
of Punjab and Ors.(1). At this stage we may mention that in the Punjab High
Court at one stage there were conflicting decisions on the question of law
under consideration. It is not necessary to refer to those decisions as grounds
on which they differed are referred to in Bit Singh's case(1). The decisions
which have taken the same view as taken by the High Court in this case have
ignored the significance of s. 1 (2) of the 1962 Amendment Act. They have
exclusively focused their attention on s. 32(KK) and the supposed reasons for
its enactment.
It is, a well settled rule of construction
that no.
provision in a statute should be given
retrospective effect unless the legislature by express terms or by necessary
implication has made it retrospective and that where a provision is made
retrospective, care should be taken not to extend its retrospective effect
beyond what was intended.
To accept the line of reasoning adopted by
the learned Judges of the High Court who decided this case is to completely
ignore sub-s. (2) of s. 1 of the 1962 Amendment Act. That Section in specific
terms says that s. 32(KK) (s. 7 of the Amendment Act) shall be deemed to have
come into force on the 30th day of October 1956. We fail to see how we can
ignore this mandate of the legislature. That provision clearly brings out the
intention of the legislature. There is no ambiguity in it. It is not possible
to adopt any rule of construction which would necessitate the Court to ignore
that provision. It is not possible to accept the conclusion of the High Court
that s. 32(KK) must be deemed to have come into force on the date the principal
Act came into force namely on March 6, 1955. That is not even the case of the
respondents. Clause (b) of s. 32(KK) which is the clause relevant for our
present purpose would be a meaningless provision unless the same is read along
with s. 32(FF) which was for (1) [1963] P.L.R. 961.
352 the. first time incorporated into the
principal Act in 1959 though it affects all transfers and other dispositions of
land effected after August 21, 1956. It is not the case of the respondents that
the transfers effected or the .partitions made before August 21, 1956. ,are
within the mischief of s. 32(FF) or s. 32(FF) read with s. 32(KK).
Therefore there is no basis for saying that
s. 32(KK) has been given retrospective effect as from the date the principal
Act came into force.
On a reading of the various provisions of the
Pepsu Tenancy and Agricultural Lands (Amendment and Validation) Act, 1962, it
appears to us that the legislature intended that s. 7 of that .Act which
introduced into the principal Act s. 32(KK) should be deemed to. have come into
force on the 30th October 1956. Evidently the draftsman when he drafted s. 7 of
that Act had in his mind the Amendment Act and not the principal Act. The words
"this Act" in s. 7 of the Amendment Act (s. 32-KK of the principal
Act) in our opinion were intended to refer to the Amendment Act and not to the
principal Act. It is true that ordinarily when a Section is incorporated into
the principal Act by means of an amendment, reference in that Section to
"this Act" means the principal Act. But in view of sub-s. (2) of s. 1
of the Amendment Act of 1962 that construction has become impermissible. Every
statute has to be construed as a whole and the construction given should be a
harmonious one. It may be that the legislature intended that s. 32(KK) should
be deemed to have come into force on the 30th day of October 1956, on which day
s. 32(FF) became a part of the principal Act. It is possible that the
legislature did. not intend to give to that Section the same retrospective
effect as it had given to s. 32(FF). It is not permissible for us to proceed on
the basis that the legislature had enacted subs. (2) of s. 1 of the Amendment
Act 1962 by oversight.
If any mistake had crept into that Section it
is for the legislature to correct the same and it is not for this Court to
proceed on the supposition that the same was enacted by oversight.
For the reasons mentioned above this appeal
is allowed and the orders impugned in the Writ Petition are quashed.
The respondents shall pay the costs of the
appellants both in this Court as well as in the High Court.
R.K.P.S. Appeal allowed.
Back