Sugra Bibi Vs. Hazi Kummu Mia [1968] INSC
316 (13 December 1968)
13/12/1968 RAMASWAMI, V.
RAMASWAMI, V.
SHAH, J.C.
GROVER, A.N.
CITATION: 1969 AIR 884 1969 SCR (3) 83
CITATOR INFO :
R 1974 SC2141 (10)
ACT:
Civil Procedure Code s. 92(1)-Wakf providing
for application of some in income for charitable and religious etc purposes and
some for settlor's family-Suit for removal of Mutwalli and appointment of
another-When written consent of AdvocateGeneral necessary to maintainability of
suit.
HEADNOTE:
E executed a Wakf deed in November 1936 in
respect of his property valued at Rs. 30,000 and appointed his son S and his
son-in-law, the respondent, as the Joint Mutwallis. It was provided in the deed
that upon the death of either of them, the survivor was to, be the sole
Mutwalli and would have power to nominate his successor from the family line of
the settlor; if both died without nominating a successor, the senior-most
member among the lineal descendants of S and the respondent was entitled to
become the Mutwalli. The Wakf deed provided inter alia for the expenditure of
Rs. 500 annually for the maintenance and, upkeep of mosques etc and for helping
the poor and needy; it also made certain provisions for the maintenance of the
settlor's family and gave power to the Mutwalli, if funds were available, to
make contributions for general charitable purposes. It further provided for
application of the whole income for charitable purposes in the event of the
total extinction of the settlor's family.
S died in December 1960 and thereafter the
respondent became the sole surviving Mutwalli. The appellant, the widow of S,
filed a suit in July 1967 for a declaration that the respondent was unfit to
continue as Mutwalli of the Wakf estate and should be removed from office;
furthermore that the son of the appellant through S be appointed as Mutwalli
and until he attained majority, a receiver should be appointed for the Wakf
estate. The respondent contested the suit on the ground that the suit was
incompetent as the sanction of the Advocate-General was not obtained under s.
92 C.P.C. The Trial Court held that the suit
was not affected by the provisions of s. 92 and also ordered the removal of the
respondent. An appeal to the First Appellate Court was dismissed but the High
Court allowed a revision petition holding that the suit was not maintainable in
view of provisions of s. 92 C.P.C.
In appeal to this Court it was contended on
behalf of the appellant that s. 92 C.P.C. had no application for the reason
inter alia (i) that the Wakf deed of November 1936 did not create a public
charitable or religious trust but the trust was executed mainly for the benefit
of the founder's family; (ii) that the suit was not brought to vindicate or
establish a right of a public institution, i.e.
the trust, but to remedy an infringement of
an individual right or to vindicate the private right of the appellant.
The respondents contention was that s. 92
applied as the reliefs sought by the appellant were exactly those contemplated
by the section.
HELD : The 'suit fell within the purview of
s. 92 C.P.C. and in the absence of the consent in writing of the AdvocateGeneral,
it was not maintainable.
(i) In view of the provisions of the' Wakf
deed, the mere fact that there were certain provisions in favour of the family
of the, founder along 84 with other provisions in favour of the public, the
case would not be taken out of the provisions of s. 92 C.P.C. A substantial
portion of the income of the Wakf properties was to be spent for purpose of a
charitable and religious nature and the Wakf therefore fell within the purview
of s. 93. [88 E-F] S. Massirat Hossain v. Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury 42 C.W.N. 345
and Vaidya Nath, Aiyyar v. Swaminatha Ayyar, 51 I.A.
282, referred to.
(ii) Even if a suit related to a public trust
of a religious or charitable nature and the reliefs claimed fell within clauses
(a) to (h) of subsection (1) of s. 92, the provisions of that Section would not
be attracted unless the suit is of a representative character instituted in the
interest of the public and not merely for vindication of the individual or
personal rights of the plaintiff. However, in the present case the Wakf was
held to have been created for a public purpose of a charitable or religious
nature and the reliefs claimed were not for enforcing any private right,but for
removal of the defendant as a trustee as envisaged in clauses (a) and (b) of s.
92 (1), the suit brought by the appellant must be treated as a suit brought in
a representative capacity on behalf of all the beneficiaries of the Wakf to
which the provisions of s. 92 C.P.C. applied.
[90 G-91 B] Budreedas v. Choonilal I.L.R. 33
Cal. 789 at p. 807, Appanna V. Narasinga, I.L.R. 45 Mad. 113 and The
Tirumalai-Tirupoti Devasthananms Committee v. Udiavar Krishnayya Shanbhaga,
I.L.R. [1943] Mad. 619, referred to.
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal
No. 128 of 1966.
Appeal by special leave from the judgment and
order dated September 3, 1963 of the Assam High Court in Civil Revision No. 21
(H) of 1962.
Debabrata Mukherjee and A. K. Nag, for the
appellant.
Bishan Narain, V. D. Kisra and P. N.
Bhardwaj, for the respondent.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
Ramaswami, J. Late Haji Elahi Bux had one son named Mohammed Shafi and had one
daughter. The appellant is the widow of the said Mohammed Shafi. The respondent
who is a nephew of Haji Elahi Bux, married his daughter. The said Haji Elahi
Bux carried on a shoe business under the name and style of "S. Mohd. Shafi
Kammu Mian". He executed a Wakf deed dated November 18, 1936 in respect of
his property and appointed his son Mohammed Shafi and his son-in-law, the
respondent, as the joint Mutwallis. According to the terms of the Wakf deed on
the death of a joint Mutwalli, the survivor was to be the sole Mutwalli and had
the power to nominate his successor from the family line of the settlor. And in
case the sole Mutwalli died without nominating his successor, the senior-most
member among the lineal descendants of Mohammed Shafi and Kammu Mia, if otherwise
competent, was entitled to hold the office of Mutwalli.
85 Mohammed Shafi died on December 20, 1960,
and thereafter the respondent became the sole surviving Mutwalli. The appellant
filed a suit on July 7, 1961 in the Court of Assistant to the Deputy
Commissioner, United Khasi & Jaintia Hills, Shillong, against the
respondent for a declaration that the respondent was unfit to continue as
Mutwalli of the Wakf estate and that he should be removed from the office of
Mutwalli and that Soleman the son of the plaintiff through Mohamed Shafi be
declared fit and be appointed as Mutwalli of the Wakf estate and till he
attained majority a suitable Receiver should be appointed for the said Wakf
estate. The respondent contested the suit on the ground that sanction of the
Advocate-General was not obtained under s. 92, Civil Procedure Code and the
suit was therefore not competent. By its order dated October 3, 1961, the trial
Court decided that the suit was not affected by the provisions of s. 92, Civil
Procedure Code and held that the suit was competent.
The trial court also ordered the removal of
the respondent from the office of the Mutwalli pending disposal of the suit.
The respondent filed an appeal in the court of Deputy Commissioner, United
Khasi & Jaintia Hills, Shillong but the appeal was dismissed. The
respondent took the matter in revision before the High Court of Assam. By its
judgment dated September 3, 1963, the High Court allowed the revision petition
and held that the suit was not maintainable in view of the provisions of s. 92,
Civil Procedure Code.
This appeal is brought, by special leave,
from the judgment of the Assam High Court dated September 3, 1963 in Civil
Revision No. 21(H) of 1962.
The sole question to be considered in this
appeal is whether the suit of the appellant attracts the provisions of s. 92,
Civil Procedure Code and whether the suit can be maintained without the
sanction of the Advocate-General under s. 92 of the Civil Procedure Code.
Section 92 of the Civil Procedure Code states
"(1) In the case of any alleged breach of any express or constructive
trust created for public purposes of a charitable or religious nature, or where
the direction of the Court is deemed necessary for the administration of any
such trust, the Advocate-General, or two or more persons having -an interest in
the trust and having obtained the consent in writing of the Advocate-General,
may institute a suit, whether contentious or not, in the principal Civil Court
of original jurisdiction or in any other Court empowered in that behalf by the
State Government within the local limits of whose jurisdiction the whole or any
part of the 86 subject-matter of the trust is situate, to obtain a decree(a)
removing any trustee;
(b) appointing a new trustee;
(c) vesting any property in a trustee;
(cc) directing a trustee who has been removed
or a person who has ceased to be a trustee, to deliver possession of any trust
property in his possession to the person entitled to the possession of such
property;
(d) directing accounts and inquiries;
(e) declaring what proportion of the trust
property or of the interest there in shall be allocated to any particular
object of the trust;
(f) authorizing the whole or any part of the
trust property to be let, sold, mortgaged or exchanged;
(g) settling a scheme; or (h) granting such
further or other relief as the nature of the case may require.
It is evident that this section has no
application unless three conditions are fulfilled : (1) the suit must relate to
a public charitable or religious trust, (2) the suit must be founded on an
allegation of breach of trust or the direction of the Court is required for
administration of the trust, and (3) the reliefs claimed are those which are
mentioned in the section.
It was contended on behalf of the appellant
that the Wakf deed executed by Haji Elahi Bux on November 18, 1936 did not
create a public charitable or religious trust but the trust was executed mainly
for the benefit of the family members of the founder of the Wakf. The relevant provisions
of the Wakf deed dated November 18, 1936 are reproduced below :
"Whereas Hazi Elahi Buksh son of late
Madda Choudhury of village Kokaran Bazar, Rae-Berely at present residing at
Bara-bazar road, Shillong, (hereinafter called the Settlor) is the sole
proprietor of the firm in Bara-bazar Road in the Town of Shillong known as S.
Mohd.
Shafi & Kamoo Mia, together with all
properties, movable or immovable and all funds investments and profits
belonging and appertaining thereto, as well as of the properties in
whomsoever's name standing described in the schedule hereto :And whereas the
said Settlor is desirous that his said properties shall be permanently
dedicated for 87 religious purposes and for the maintenance of his relations
and descendants from generation to generation, as well as for the poor and
meritorious.
Now be it known that the said Settlor , by
these presents divests himself of the ownership of the said firm together with
all properties movable or immovable and all funds investments and profits
belonging or appertaining thereto, as well as the properties described in the
schedule hereto, all which shall hence forward vest absolutely in Almighty God
for the purposes hereinafter specified, and shall constitute a Wakf Estate to
be administered in the following manner (6) Out of the income of the Estate, a
sum of Rs. 500 shall be annually spent for the maintenance and upkeep of
Mosques and Madras and for helping the poor and needy.
(7) The mutwalli shall give to Ali Mastaque
(Nanka) the Settlor's son by his nika wife, Noju Bibi since divorced, a monthly
allowance of Rs. 10 (ten) or in the alternative -and at his option, a
consolidated sum not exceeding Rs. 1000 (Rs. One thousand) but the sons and
descendants of the said Ali Mastaque (Nanka) shall have no claim whatsoever
against the estate for maintenance or any other purpose nor shall he or they
have any right to the office of Mutwalli.
(8) The mutwalli shall be entitled to
reasonable remuneration not exceeding Rs. 50 (fifty) per month.
(11) Whatever remains after defraying the
above expenses the mutwalli shall be at liberty to spend for his own
maintenance and the maintenance of the Settlor's family and descendants from
generation to generation as provided in paragraph 10.
(13) On the total extinction of the settler's
family line, the whole income of the estate after defraying the expenses as
provided for above, shall be spent for helping the poor and meritorious, and
for promoting the cause of Moslem education in such manner as the mutwalli, in
his discretion, may determine.
88 (14) The mutwalli shall have no power to
sell or give away any portion of the estate except for justifying legal
necessity.
(16) The mutwalli shall have power, if funds
permit, to make reasonable contributions to funds and institutions created or
maintained for general charitable purposes.
And it is hereby further declared that all
properties movable, immovable, and all funds, investments and profits bought,
created or made with money belonging to or accruing out of the estate, or in
any manner appertaining thereto, shall for all purposes, be annexed to the Wakf
by these presents founded and shall 'be administered and enjoyed in the same
manner and be in all respects liable to the same incidents as the estate itself.
And be it known that the present market value
of the properties included in the deed is Rs.
30,000 (Rupees thirty thousand only).
In witness whereof, I Hazi Elahi Baksh, the
Settlor above named do hereby set my hand the ninth day of November,
1936." Having examined the various clauses of the Wakf deed, we are of
opinion that the mere fact that there are certain provisions in favour of the
family members of the founder along with some other provisions in favour of the
public, the case will not be taken out of the provisions of s. 92, Civil
Procedure Code. The reason is that there is a substantial portion of the income
of the Wakf properties to be spent for purposes of charitable and religious
nature.
The proper test for holding whether the Wakf
would fall within the purview of s. 92, Civil Procedure Code is to examine
whether the Wakf has been created substantially for a public purpose. Applying
the test to the present case, we are of opinion that the Wakf created 'by Haji
Elahi Bux on November 18, 1936 falls within the purview of s. 92, Civil
Procedure Code. This view is borne out by the decision of the Calcutta High
Court in S. Massirat Hossain v. Hossain Ahmad Chodhury.(1) That case related to
a wakf estate, the net annual income of which was about Rs. 1,300 and out of
this a sum of Rs. 353 was set apart for public purposes of a charitable or
religious nature, It was held by the learned Judges that the amount by no means
was a trifling or a disproportionate pro(1)42 C .W. N. 3 4 89 vision in favour of
the public and consequently the suit was maintainable under s. 92 of the Civil
Procedure Code.
Reliance was placed by the High Court in
support of its decision upon the pronouncement of the Judicial Committee in
Vaidya Nath Aiyyar v. Swaminatha Ayyar(1) where the founder of the trust
directed by his will that two-thirds of the income of his property would go to
his wife and the remaining one-third would go first towards the discharge of
certain debts and thereafter to establish a Chatram for the feeding of the
poor. There was a further provision that after the wife's death, two-thirds of
the income given to her would be applied to charity and one-third, to the
members of the family. On these facts the Judicial Committee 'agreed with the
findings of the court below that the Chatram so established was a public trust.
It was, however, contended on behalf of the
appellant that the suit was brought not to vindicate or to establish a right of
the public institution i.e., the trust but to remedy an infringement of an
individual right or to vindicate the private right of the appellant. It was
said that the suit was therefore not within the purview of s. 92 of, the Civil
Procedure Code. The argument was stressed that in deciding whether s. 92, Civil
Procedure .Code is attracted the Court must go beyond the reliefs, prayed for
and have regard to the capacity in which the plaintiff is suing and for the
purpose for which the -suit is brought.For the respondent it was pointed out
that the reliefs sought for by the appellant in the present suit are exactly
those contemplated by s. 92 of the ,Civil Procedure -Code.
The reliefs prayed for ,are : (1) removal ,of
the respondent from the office of Mutwalli and appointment of Soleman,
appellant's son, as Mutwalli in his place, and (2) till the said Soleman
attains majority appointment of -a Receiver for the management of the Waif
estate. It is true that the facts that a suit relates to public trust of a
religious or charitable 'nature and the reliefs claimed fall within cls.
(a) to (h) of sub-s. (1) of s. 92, Civil
Procedure Code would not by themselves attract the operation of the section,
unless the suit is of a representative character instituted in the interests of
the public and not merely for vindication of the individual or personal rights
of the plaintiff. As was stated by Woodroffe, J. in Budreedas v. Choonilal (2 )
:
"It is obvious that the
Advocate-General, Collector or Other public officer can and do sue only as
representing the public, and if, instead of these officers, two or more persons
having an interest in the trust sue with their consent, they sue under a
warrant to represent the public as the objects of the trust. it follows from
this, that when a person or persons sue not to establish (1) 51 I.A. 282. (2)
I.L.R. 33 Cal.
789 at 807.
L 7 Sup. CI/69-7 90 the general rights of the
public, of which they are a member or members, but to remedy a particular
infringement of their own individual right,. the suit is not within or need not
be brought under the section This principle was accepted as sound by a Full
Bench of the Madras High Court in Appanna v. Narasigna(1),. In that case, a
suit was instituted by a trustee of a public, religious trust against a
co-trustee for accounts and the Full Bench decided that it did not come within
s. 92 of the Civil Procedure Code, the claim being to enforce a purely personal
right of the plaintiff as a trustee against his cotrustees. The same view was
taken by the Madras High Court in The Tirumalai-Tirupati Devasthanams Committee
v. Udiayar Krishnayya Shanbhagal(2);. In this case the general trustees of a
public temple filed a suit against the trustees for the recovery of moneys
which the latter had collected on behalf of the former praying for a decree
directing accounts and inquiries. It was held that the right to collect moneys
was entirely independent of s. 92 of the Civil Procedure Code and no sanction
of the Advocate General was necessary for the institution of the suit.
Leach C. J. who delivered the judgment of the
Court observed as follows :
"After hearing the arguments of learned
Counsel in the present case we can see no reason for disagreeing with anything
said in Shanmukham Chetty v. Govinda Chetty (I.L.R.
1938 Mad. 39). On the order hand we find
ourselves in full agreement with the, opinion of Varadachariar, J. that, in
deciding whether a suit falls within section 92, the Court must go beyond the
reliefs -and have regard to the capacity in which the plaintiffs are suing and
to the purpose for which the suit is brought.
the judgment of the Privy Council in Abdur
Rahim v. Mahomed Barkat Ali [(1927) I.L.R. 55 Cal. 519 (P.C.] lends no support
for the opinion expressed by the Full Bench in ranki Bai v. Thiruchitrambala
Vinayakar [(1935) I.L.R. 58 Mad. 988 (F.B.)]" Applying the principle laid
down in these authorities, we are of opinion that in the present case the suit
brought by the appellant must be treated as a suit brought by her in a
representative capacity on behalf of 'all the beneficiaries of the Wakf. As we have
already stated, the Wakf created by Haji Elahi Bux was a Wakf created for a
public purpose of charitable or religious nature. The reliefs claimed by the
appellant in the suit are not reliefs for enforcing any private rights but
reliefs for the removal of the defendant as trustee and for appointment of a
(1) I. L.R. 45 Mad. 11 3. (2) I.L.R.[1943] Mad.619.
91 new trustee in his 'place. The reliefs
asked for by the appellant fall within cls. (a) and (b) of s. 92(1) of the
Civil Procedure Code and these reliefs claimed by the appellant indicate that
the suit was brought by the appellant not in an individual capacity but as
representing all the beneficiaries of the Wakf estate. We are accordingly of
the opinion that the suit falls within the purview of the provisions of s. 92,
Civil Procedure Code and in the absence of the consent in writing of the
Advocate General the suit is not maintainable.
For these reasons we hold that the judgment
of the High Court of Assam dated September 3, 1963 is right and this appeal
must be dismissed. There will be no order as to costs of this appeal.
R.K.P.S. Appeal dismissed.
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